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Workbook

9
Trigonometric Relations

Exercise Date Grade

9A Trigonometric Ratios of Special Angles
9B Finding Trigonometric Ratios by Constructing
Right-Angled Triangles
9C Basic Trigonometric Identities

9D Trigonometric Ratios of Complementary Angles

9E Proofs of Simple Trigonometric Identities

Integrated Exercise 9

Name: ( ) Class:
Trigonometric Relations

Exercise 9A Date:
9.1 Trigonometric Ratios of Special Angles Grade:

Key Points

Trigonometric Ratios of Special Angles 30°, 45° and 60°

i 30° 45° 60°

Trigonometric ratio
J N
sin i 1 1 KKor 2O 3
O
2 2 L 2 2
P
J N
cos i 3 1 K 2O 1
Kor O
2 2 L 2 2
P
J N
tan i 1 KKor 3O
O 1 3
3 L 3
P

(In this exercise, do not use a calculator. Leave your answers in surd form or in fractions if necessary.)

Find the values of the following expressions. (1 – 4) 2 cos 30° - tan 60°
3.
tan 45°
1. cos 60° - sin 30° Solution
Solution 2 cos 30° - tan 60°
tan 45°
cos 60° - sin 30°
3
( 1 ) ( 1 ) 2# - 3
2
= - =
2 2 1
=( 0 ) 3- 3
=
1
=0
2. 2 sin 60° tan 30°

Solution
2 sin 60° tan 30°
3 1
= 2# #
2 3
=1

9.2
9 Trigonometric Relations

1
4. sin 2 45° + 7. 3 - 2 cos i = 0
cos 2 45°
Solution Solution
1 3 - 2 cos i = 0
sin 2 45° +
2
cos 45° 3 = 2 cos i
J 1 N2 1 3
= KK OO + cos i =
2 J 1 N2 2
L P K O
K O i = 30°
L 2P
1 1
= +
2 1
2
8. 2 sin i = 3 tan 30°
1
= +2
2 Solution
5
= 2 sin i = 3 tan 30°
2
3
2 sin i = 3 #
3

3
sin i =
2
i = 60°

Find the acute angle i in each of the following

equations. (5 – 8)

5. tan i - 1 = 0 Find the unknown in each of the following

figures. (9 – 11)
Solution
tan i - 1 = 0 9. C

tan i = ( 1 )
i = ( 45° ) 5

6. 4 sin i = 2
30°
A B
x
Solution
4 sin i = 2 Solution
2
sin i = AB
4 cos 30° =
1
( AC )
=
2
3 x
i = 30° ( 2
)=
( 5 )
3
x=( 5 )#( 2
)
5 3
=( 2 )

9.3
Measures, Shape and Space

10. D
F Solution
45°
Consider 3BCD.
BC
cos 45° =
BD
3 x
1 1
=
x
2
x= 2
E
Consider 3ABD.
Solution sin i =
AD
BD
DE
sin 45° = 2
EF
2
1 3 =
= 2
x
2
1
x=3 2 =
2
i = 30°

11. P
13. P
2 3
2 i
2 2

i 30°
Q R Q S
R 2 3

Solution QRS is a straight line.

tan i =
PR Solution
PQ
Consider 3PRS.
2 3
= PR
2 tan 30° =
RS
= 3
1 PR
i = 60° =
3 2 3
2 3
PR =
3
Find the unknown(s) in each of the following =2
figures. (12 – 13) Consider 3PQR.
PR
cos i =
12. A PQ
2
2 =
2 2 2
1
i x =
B D 2
45°
i = 45°
1

9.4
9 Trigonometric Relations

E D
14. In the figure, BCDE is a rectangle and ABC is a straight line.
If AD = 20 cm, AB = 10 cm and +CAD = 30°, find
(a) the length of CD,
(b) a.
a

Solution A
30°
B C
(a) Consider 3ACD.
+C = 90° (property of rectangle)
CD
sin 30° =
AD
1 CD
=
2 20 cm
1
CD = # 20 cm
2
= 10 cm

(b) BE = CD (property of rectangle)

= 10 cm
Consider 3ABE.
+ABE = 180° - +CBE (adj. +s on st. line)
= 180° - 90° (property of rectangle)
= 90°
BE
tan +BAE =
AB
10 cm
=
10 cm
=1
+BAE = 45°
a + 30° = 45°
a = 15°

9.5
Trigonometric Relations

Exercise 9B Date:
9.2 Finding Trigonometric Ratios by Constructing Grade:
Right-Angled Triangles

Key Points
J 1N
If one of the trigonometric ratios of an acute angle i Ke.g. cos i = O is given, we can find the other two
L 4P
trigonometric ratios (i.e. sin i and tan i) without evaluating i. The steps are as follows:

Step 1 Step 3
Construct a right-angled C Find the unknown side BC by Pythagoras’ theorem.
triangle ABC with
+A = i and +B = 90°. BC = AC 2 - AB 2 (Pyth. theorem)
2 2
= 4 -1
i = 15
A B

Step 2 Step 4
1
Since cos i = , we set AB = 1 C Find the other two trigonometric C
4
ratios by their definitions.
and AC = 4 for simplicity.
4 BC 15 4 15
sin i = =
AC 4
i i
A B BC A B
1 tan i = = 15 1
AB

(In this exercise, do not use a calculator. Unless otherwise specified, i represents an acute angle. Leave
your answers in surd form or in fractions if necessary.)

9.6
9 Trigonometric Relations

7 By definition,
1. Given that sin i = , find the values of
25 J N
cos i and tan i. BC KKor 2 5 OO
2
sin i = =
AC 5 L 5
P
Solution J N
7 AB 1 K 5O
Construct 3ABC as shown with sin i = . cos i = = Kor O
25 AC 5 L 5
P
C
( 25 )
( 7 )

i
A B
3. Given that cos i = 0.6, find the values of
AB = ( AC ) - ( BC ) 2 2
(Pyth. theorem) sin i and tan i.

Solution
= ( 25 ) 2 - ( 7 ) 2
cos i = 0.6
= ( 24 ) ( 6 )
=
By definition, 10
( 3 )
( AB ) ( 24 ) =
( 5 )
cos i = =
AC ( 25 ) 3
Construct 3ABC as shown with cos i = .
5
( BC ) ( 7 ) C
tan i = =
( AB ) ( 24 )
5
2. Given that tan i = 2, find the values of
sin i and cos i.
i
A B
Solution 3

Construct 3ABC as shown with tan i = 2. BC = AC 2 - AB 2 (Pyth. theorem)

C = 5 -3 2 2

=4
By definition,
2 BC 4
sin i = =
AC 5
BC 4
tan i = =
i AB 3
A B
1

AC = AB 2 + BC 2 (Pyth. theorem)
2 2
= 1 +2
= 5

9.7
Measures, Shape and Space

2 5. Given that sin i = 0.7, find the value of

4. Given that tan i = , find the value of
3 cos i tan i + sin i.
cos i - sin i.

Solution Solution
2
Construct 3ABC as shown with tan i = .
3 Tips
C
Write 0.7 as a fraction first.

2 sin i = 0.7
7
=
i 10
A B
3 7
Construct 3ABC as shown with sin i = .
10
AC = AB 2 + BC 2 (Pyth. theorem) C
2 2
= 3 +2
= 13
10
By definition, 7
BC 2
sin i = =
AC 13
AB 3 i
cos i = = A B
AC 13
Ñ cos i - sin i AB = AC 2- BC 2 (Pyth. theorem)

=
3
-
2 = 10 2 - 7 2
13 13 = 51
J N
1 K 13 O
= Kor O By definition,
13 L 13
P
AB 51
cos i = =
AC 10
BC 7
tan i = =
AB 51
Ñ cos i tan i + sin i

51 7 7
= # +
10 51 10
7 7
= +
10 10
14
=
10
7
=
5

9.8
9 Trigonometric Relations

3 7. Given that tan i = 5 , find the value of

6. Given that cos i = , find the value of
6 sin 2 i - cos 2 i .
1 - sin2 i.
Solution
Solution
3
Construct 3ABC as shown with tan i = 5 .
Construct 3ABC as shown with cos i = .
6 C
C

5
6

i
A 1 B
i
A B
3 AC = AB 2 + BC 2 (Pyth. theorem)
2 2
BC = AC 2 - AB 2 (Pyth. theorem) = 1 + ( 5)
= 6
= 6 2 - ( 3 )2
= 36 - 3 By definition,
= 33 BC 5
sin i = =
AC 6
By definition,
AB 1
BC 33 cos i = =
sin i = = AC 6
AC 6
J N2 J N2 J N2
5 1
Ñ 1 - sin 2 i = 1 - KK
33 O Ñ sin 2 i - cos 2 i = K O - KK OO
O K 6O
L 6 P L P L 6P
33 5 1
= 1- = -
36 6 6
3 4
= =
36 6
1 2
= =
12 3

9.9
Trigonometric Relations

Exercise 9C Date:
9.3A Basic Trigonometric Identities Grade:

Key Points

Trigonometric identities
sin i
(i) = tan i
cos i

(ii) sin 2 i + cos 2 i = 1 sin2 i = 1 - cos2 i or cos2 i = 1 - sin2 i

(Complete this exercise by using the trigonometric identities. Unless otherwise specified, i represents an
acute angle. Leave your answers in surd form or in fractions if necessary.)

Simplify the following expressions. (1 – 6) 3. (1 - sin i)(1 + sin i)

sin i cos i
1. Solution
tan i
(1 - sin i) (1 + sin i) = 1 2 - (sin i) 2
= 1 - sin 2 i
Solution = cos 2 i
sin i cos i sin i cos i
=
tan i ( sin i )
( cos i )
( cos i )
= sin i cos i #
( sin i )
= ( cos2i )
4. tan2 i cos i + cos i

2. 1 + 3 cos 2 i + 3 sin 2 i Solution

2
sin i
Solution tan 2 i cos i + cos i = 2
# cos i + cos i
cos i
1 + 3 cos 2 i + 3 sin 2 i 2
sin i
= + cos i
= 1 + 3 [( cos2 i ) + ( sin2 i )] cos i
2 2
sin i + cos i
= 1+3#1 =
cos i
=4 1
=
cos i

9.10
9 Trigonometric Relations

cos 2 i + sin i - 1 2
5. 7. Given that sin i = and tan i = 4, find the
1 - sin i 3
value of cos i.

Solution Solution
2
cos i + sin i - 1
2
(1 - sin i) + sin i - 1 ( sin i )
= tan i =
1 - sin i 1 - sin i ( cos i )
2 2
- sin i + sin i
= 3
1 - sin i 4=
sin i (1 - sin i) cos i
= 2
1 - sin i
3
= sin i cos i =
4
1
=
6

tan 2 i 15
6. -1 8. Given that sin i = , find the values of
2
sin i 17
(a) cos i,
Solution (b) tan i.
2
sin i
2 2
Solution
tan i cos i
-1 = -1
2
sin i
2
sin i (a) Ö cos 2 i = 1 - ( sin 2 i )
2
sin i 1
= 2
# 2
-1 Ñ cos i = ( 1 - sin2 i )
cos i sin i
1 J15 N2
= -1 = 1 - KK OO
L17 P
2
cos i
2 225
1 - cos i = 1-
= 2
289
cos i
64
2
sin i =
= 289
2
cos i 8
=
= tan i 2 17

sin i
(b) tan i =
cos i
15
17
=
8
17
15
=
8

9.11
Measures, Shape and Space

1 1
9. Given that tan i = , 10. Given that cos i = , find the values of
5 4
(a) express cos i in terms of sin i, tan i
(a) ,
sin i
(b) find the values of sin i and cos i.
(b) 2 sin 2 i - 1.
Solution
1 Solution
(a) Ö tan i =
5

sin i 1 Tips
Ñ =
cos i 5
Try to express the given
cos i = 5 sin i expressions in terms of cos i first.

sin i
tan i cos i
(a) =
sin i sin i
1
=
cos i
(b) From (a), 1
=
1
cos i = ( 5 sin i ) 4
2
cos i = ( 5 sin i )2 =4
2
1 - sin i = ( 25 sin i ) 2

1 = 26 sin 2 i
1
sin 2 i =
26
J N
1 Kor 26 O
sin i = K O
26 L 26
P
cos i = 5 sin i
(b) 2 sin2 i - 1 = 2 (1 - cos2 i) - 1
1 = 2 - 2 cos 2 i - 1
= 5#
26 = 1 - 2 cos 2 i
J N J 1 N2
5 K 5 26 O = 1 - 2K O
= Kor O L4P
26 L 26
P 1
= 1-2#
16
7
=
8

9.12
9 Trigonometric Relations

11. Given that tan i = 3, find the values of 2 sin i + cos i

(b) 2 sin i + cos i cos i

=
6 sin i - 5 cos i sin i - 2 cos i sin i - 2 cos i
(a) ,
2 cos i cos i
2 sin i cos i
2 sin i + cos i
(b) . cos i
+
cos i
sin i - 2 cos i =
sin i 2 cos i
-
cos i cos i
Solution 2 tan i + 1
=
6 sin i - 5 cos i 6 sin i 5 cos i tan i - 2
(a) = -
2 cos i 2 cos i 2 cos i 2#3+1
=
5 3-2
= 3 tan i - =7
2
5
= 3#3- Alternative Solution
2
13 From (a), sin i = 3 cos i
=
2
2 sin i + cos i 2 (3 cos i) + cos i
=
sin i - 2 cos i 3 cos i - 2 cos i
Alternative Solution
7 cos i
tan i = 3 =
cos i
sin i
=3 =7
cos i
Ñ sin i = 3 cos i

6 sin i - 5 cos i 6 (3 cos i) - 5 cos i

=
2 cos i 2 cos i
13 cos i
=
2 cos i
13
=
2

9.13
Trigonometric Relations

Exercise 9D Date:
9.3B Trigonometric Ratios of Complementary Angles Grade:

Key Points

Trigonometric identities about complementary angles

(i) sin i = cos (90° - i)
(ii) cos i = sin (90° - i)
1
(iii) tan i =
tan (90° - i)

(Complete this exercise by using the trigonometric identities. Do not use a calculator. Unless otherwise
specified, i represents an acute angle.)

Find the acute angle i in each of the following 3. cos (i - 26°) = sin 50°
equations. (1 – 4)
Solution
1. sin i = cos 39° cos (i - 26°) = sin 50°
= cos (90° - 50°)
Solution Ñ i - 26° = 90° - 50°
sin i = cos 39° i = 66°
= sin [90° - ( 39° )]
= sin ( 51° )
Ñ i = ( 51° )
4. tan i cos 27° = cos 63°

1 Solution
2. tan i = tan i cos 27° = cos 63°
tan 42°
cos 63°
tan i =
cos 27°
Solution sin (90° - 63°)
1 =
tan i = cos 27°
tan 42° sin 27°
=
= tan [90° - ( 42° )] cos 27°
= tan 27°
= tan 48° Ñ i = 27°
Ñ i = 48°

9.14
9 Trigonometric Relations

Simplify the following expressions. (5 – 7) Find the values of the following expressions.
(8 – 10)
5. sin i tan (90° - i) + cos i
8. tan 14° tan 76°
Solution
1 Solution
sin i tan (90° - i) + cos i = sin i # + cos i
tan i
tan 14° tan 76°
cos i
= sin i # + cos i 1
sin i = tan 14° #
= cos i + cos i tan [90° - ( 76° )]
1
= 2 cos i = tan 14° #
tan 14°
=1

6. 2 - 2 cos2 i + cos2 (90° - i)

Solution 9. cos2 19° + cos2 71°

2 - 2 cos 2 i + cos 2 (90° - i) Solution
= 2 - 2 cos 2 i + sin 2 i
cos 2 19° + cos 2 71°
2 2
= 2 (1 - cos i) + sin i = cos 2 19° + sin 2 (90° - 71°)
= 2 sin 2 i + sin2 i = cos 2 19° + sin 2 19°
= 3 sin 2 i =1

sin 2 (90° - i) + cos i

7. sin 33°
sin (90° - i) + 1 10. - sin 57°
tan 33°
Solution Solution
2
sin (90° - i) + cos i sin 33°
- sin 57°
sin (90° - i) + 1 tan 33°
2
cos i + cos i 1
= = sin 33° # - cos (90° - 57°)
cos i + 1 tan 33°
cos 33°
cos i (cos i + 1) = sin 33° # - cos 33°
= sin 33°
cos i + 1
= cos 33° - cos 33°
= cos i
=0

9.15
Measures, Shape and Space

1
11. Given that tan (90° - i) = , find the values of the following expressions.
4
cos (90° - i) - sin (90° - i)
(a)
cos i
2
sin (90° - i) - 1
(b)
2
cos i

Solution
1
tan (90° - i) = Tips
4
Try to express the given
1 1
( )=( ) expressions in terms of tan i.
tan i 4

tan i = ( 4 )

cos (90° - i) - sin (90° - i) sin i - cos i

(a) =
cos i cos i
sin i cos i
= -
cos i cos i
= tan i - 1
= 4-1
=3

2 2
sin (90° - i) - 1 cos i - 1
(b) 2
=
2
cos i cos i
2
- (1 - cos i)
=
2
cos i
2
- sin i
=
2
cos i
= - tan 2 i
= - 42
= - 16

9.16
Trigonometric Relations

Exercise 9E Date:

9.3C Proofs of Simple Trigonometric Identities Grade:

Key Points

The following 5 trigonometric identities we learnt can be used to prove other trigonometric identities.
sin i
(i) = tan i (iii) sin i = cos (90° - i)
cos i
(ii) sin 2 i + cos 2 i = 1 (iv) cos i = sin (90° - i)
▲ 1
sin2i = 1 - cos2i (v) tan i =
tan (90° - i)
cos2i = 1 - sin2i

Prove the following trigonometric identities. tan i cos i + sin i

2. /2
(1 – 6) sin i
Solution
cos (90° - i) tan i cos i + sin i
1. / tan i L.H.S. =
sin (90° - i) sin i
sin i
# cos i + sin i
Solution cos i
=
cos (90° - i) sin i
L.H.S. = =
sin i + sin i
sin (90° - i) sin i
( sin i ) 2 sin i
= =
( cos i ) sin i
=2
= ( tan i )
R.H.S. = 2
R.H.S. = ( tan i )
Ö L.H.S. = R.H.S.
Ö L.H.S. = R.H.S. tan i cos i + sin i
Ñ /2
sin i
cos (90° - i)
Ñ / tan i
sin (90° - i)

9.17
Measures, Shape and Space

3. 2 sin i cos i / (sin i + cos i) 2 - 1 5. (cos i - sin i) (sin i + cos i) / 1 - 2 sin2 i

Solution Solution
2
R.H.S. = (sin i + cos i) - 1 L.H.S. = (cos i - sin i) (sin i + cos i)
= sin 2 i + 2 sin i cos i + cos 2 i - 1 = (cos i - sin i) (cos i + sin i)
= (sin 2 i + cos 2 i) - 1 + 2 sin i cos i = cos 2 i - sin 2 i
= 1 - 1 + 2 sin i cos i = (1 - sin2 i) - sin2 i
= 2 sin i cos i = 1 - 2 sin 2 i
L.H.S. = 2 sin i cos i R.H.S. = 1 - 2 sin 2 i
Ö L.H.S. = R.H.S. Ö L.H.S. = R.H.S.
Ñ 2 sin i cos i / (sin i + cos i) 2 - 1 Ñ (cos i - sin i)(sin i + cos i) / 1 - 2 sin2 i

1
6. tan 2 (90° - i) cos (90° - i) / - sin i
sin i
1
4. - sin i tan i / cos i
cos i Solution
Solution L.H.S. = tan 2 (90° - i) cos (90° - i)
1 1
L.H.S. = - sin i tan i = 2
# sin i
cos i tan i
2
1 sin i cos i
= - sin i # = # sin i
cos i cos i 2
sin i
2
1 - sin i cos i
2
= =
cos i sin i
2
cos i 1
= R.H.S. = - sin i
cos i sin i
= cos i 1 - sin i
2
=
R.H.S. = cos i sin i
Ö L.H.S. = R.H.S. cos i
2
=
1 sin i
Ñ - sin i tan i / cos i
cos i Ö L.H.S. = R.H.S.
1
Ñ tan 2 (90° - i) cos (90° - i) / - sin i
sin i

9.18
9 Trigonometric Relations

1
7. (a) Prove that tan i + tan (90° - i) / .
sin i cos i
tan i
(b) Hence, prove that 1 - sin 2 (90° - i) / .
tan i + tan (90° - i)
Solution
(a) L.H.S. = tan i + tan (90° - i)
1
= tan i +
tan i
sin i cos i
= +
cos i sin i
2 2
sin i + cos i
=
cos i sin i
1
=
cos i sin i
1
=
sin i cos i
1
R.H.S. =
sin i cos i

Ö L.H.S. = R.H.S.
1
Ñ tan i + tan (90° - i) /
sin i cos i

tan i
(b) R.H.S. =
tan i + tan (90° - i)
sin i
cos i
= (from (a))
1
sin i cos i
sin i
= # sin i cos i
cos i
= sin 2 i
L.H.S. = 1 - sin 2 (90° - i)
= 1 - cos 2 i
= sin 2 i
Ö L.H.S. = R.H.S.
tan i
Ñ 1 - sin 2 (90° - i) /
tan i + tan (90° - i)

9.19
Trigonometric Relations

Integrated Exercise 9 Date:

Grade:
Conventional Questions
(In this exercise, do not use a calculator. Unless otherwise specified, i represents an acute angle. Leave
your answers in surd form or in fractions if necessary.)

1. Find the values of the following expressions. 2. Simplify the following expressions.
1
(a) tan 45° - sin 30° cos 60° (a) + tan i
tan i
cos 30°
(b) sin 2 60° + (2 sin i) 2 - 4
tan 60° (b)
Solution cos 2 i

(a) tan 45° - sin 30° cos 60°

Solution
1 1 1 1 sin i
= 1- # (a) + tan i = +
2 2 tan i sin i cos i
1 cos i
= 1-
4 cos i sin i
= +
3 sin i cos i
= 2 2
4 cos i + sin i
=
sin i cos i
1
=
sin i cos i

cos 30°
(b) sin2 60° +
tan 60°
2 2
3 (2 sin i) - 4 4 sin i - 4
J N2 (b) 2
= 2
3 2 cos i cos i
= KK OO + 2
2 3 4 (1 - cos i) - 4
L P
= 2
3 3 1 cos i
= + #
4 2 3 4 - 4 cos i - 4
2
=
3 1 cos i
2
= +
4 2 - 4 cos i
2

3 2 = 2
= + cos i
4 4
=-4
5
=
4

9.20
9 Trigonometric Relations

3. It is given that tan i tan 60° = 1. 5

4. It is given that cos i = .
13
(a) Find i by using trigonometric (a) By constructing a right-angled
identities. triangle, find the values of sin i and
(b) Using the result obtained in (a), tan i.
find the value of tan i
sin i cos (i + 30°) - tan (i + 15°). (b) Hence, find the value of .
sin i - 2 cos i

Solution Solution
5
(a) tan i tan 60° = 1 (a) Construct 3ABC as shown with cos i = .
13
1
tan i = C
tan 60°
= tan (90° - 60°)
= tan 30°
Ñ i = 30° 13

i
A B
5

BC = AC 2 - AB 2 (Pyth. theorem)
2 2
= 13 - 5
= 12
(b) From (a), i = 30°. By definition,
Ñ sin i cos (i + 30°) - tan (i + 15°)
BC 12
= sin 30° cos (30° + 30°) - tan (30° + 15°) sin i = =
AC 13
= sin 30° cos 60° - tan 45°
BC 12
1 1 tan i = =
= # -1 AB 5
2 2
3
=-
4

12
tan i 5
(b) =
sin i - 2 cos i 12 5
-2#
13 13
12
5
=
12 - 10
13
78
=
5

9.21
Measures, Shape and Space

1 6. (a) Prove that

5. It is given that tan i = .
15 2
(a) By using trigonometric identities, (1 + tan i) 2 + (1 - tan i) 2 / .
cos 2 i
find the values of sin i and cos i.
6
cos i (b) It is given that cos (90° - i) = .
(b) Hence, find the value of - sin i. 7
tan i
Using the result obtained in (a), find
Solution
1 the value of (1 + tan i) 2 + (1 - tan i) 2.
(a) Ö tan i =
15
Solution
sin i 1
Ñ =
cos i 15 (a) L.H.S. = (1 + tan i) 2 + (1 - tan i) 2
15 sin i = cos i = 1 + 2 tan i + tan 2 i + 1 - 2 tan i + tan2 i
= 2 + 2 tan 2 i
( 15 sin i) 2 = (cos i) 2
= 2 (1 + tan 2 i)
15 sin 2 i = cos 2 i J 2 N
sin i O
15 sin 2 i = 1 - sin 2 i = 2 KK1 + 2 O
cos i
1 L P
sin 2 i = J cos 2 i sin2 i N
+
16 = 2 KK 2
O
O
1 cos i
L P
sin i = 2
4 = 2
cos i
Ö cos i = 15 sin i 2
R.H.S. =
1 2
cos i
Ñ cos i = 15 #
4
Ö L.H.S. = R.H.S.
15
= 2
4 Ñ (1 + tan i) 2 + (1 - tan i) 2 / 2
cos i

15 6
cos i 4 1 (b) Ö cos (90° - i) =
(b) - sin i = - 7
tan i 1 4 6
Ñ sin i =
15 7
15 1 2
= - (1 + tan i) 2 + (1 - tan i) 2 = (from (a))
4 4 cos i
2

14 2
= =
4 1 - sin i
2

7 2
= =
2 J 6 N2
1 -K O
L7P
2
=
13
49
98
=
13

9.22
9 Trigonometric Relations

7. In the figure, two taut metal wires AC and AD are used to fix a A
rectangular advertising board BD. It is given that the length of
metal wire AC is 2 m, +ACB = 45° and +ADB = 30°. 2m

(a) Find the length of AB. 45° C 30°

B D

(b) Find the length of CD.

Solution
(a) Consider 3ABC.
AB
sin 45° =
AC
2 AB
=
2 2m
2
AB = #2m
2
= 2m

(b) Consider 3ABC.

BC
cos 45° =
AC
2 BC
=
2 2m
2
BC = #2m
2
= 2m
Consider 3ABD.
AB
tan 30° =
BD
1 2m
=
3 BD

BD = 2 # 3 m
Ñ CD = BD - BC
= ( 2 # 3 - 2) m
= 2 ( 3 - 1) m (or ( 6 - 2 ) m)

9.23
Measures, Shape and Space

Multiple Choice Questions 5. If cos (i + 50°) = sin 30°, where i is an

acute angle, then i =
1. Find i in the figure.
A. 10°.
A
B. 20°.
C. 30°.
6
3 2
D. 60°. A

i
B C
6. If tan (90° - i ) tan 29° = 1, where i is an
A. 30° B. 40° acute angle, then i =

C. 45° D. 60° C A. 16°.

B. 29°.
20
2. Given that sin i = , where i is an acute C. 61°.
29
angle, find the value of cos i. D. 74°. B
20
A.
21 2
7. Given that sin (90° - i ) = , where i is an
21 3
B.
20 acute angle, find the value of 2 sin2 i.
21 5 8
C. A. B.
29 9 9
29
D. C 10 8
21 C. D. C
9 3

3. Find the acute angle i if 8. If i is an acute angle, then

3 cos i - sin 60° = 0. 1 - (sin i - cos i) 2 =

A. 15° A. 0.

B. 30° B. sin i cos i.

C. 45° C. 2 sin i cos i.

D. 60° D D. -2 sin i cos i. C

9. If i is an acute angle, then

4. If cos i - 2 3 sin i = 0, where i is an sin i
acute angle, then tan i = + sin (90° - i ) =
tan (90° - i )
1 6 A. 1.
A. . B. .
2 3 3 B. cos i.
3 C. 2 cos i.
C. . D. 2 3. A
2
1
D. . D
cos i

9.24
9 Trigonometric Relations

10. If i is an acute angle, then 14. In the figure, BCD is a straight line. Find i.
1 A
1- 2
=
cos (90° - i )
i
30o 3 2 cm
2
A. -tan i.
1
B. - . B D
tan 2 i 3 cm C

C. tan 2 i.
A. 15° B. 20°
1
D. . B C. 30° D. 45° A
tan 2 i

11. Which of the following is identical to 15. In the figure, EF is a steep road which
cos (90° - i ) + cos i makes an angle of 30° with the horizontal
? ground. Cindy and Pong are standing on
1 + tan (90° - i )
the road at points A and B respectively.
A. sin i What is the distance between Cindy and
B. cos i Pong?
Pong
(sin i + cos i ) 2
C.
sin i B F
Cindy
(sin i + cos i ) 2
D. A
cos i A 21 m

8m
12. Which of the following are identities? 30o
E
C D
I. sin 2 i = 1 - sin 2 (90° - i )
A. 13 m B. 13 2 m
II. cos 2 i + 2 = 2 sin 2 i + 3 cos 2 i
C. 13 3 m D. 26 m D
cos i
III. =1
sin i tan (90° - i )

A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III D

13. Simplify sin 4 i - cos 4 i + 2 cos 2 i.

A. 2 B. 1
C. -1 D. -2 B

9.25
Answers
9 Trigonometric Relations Exercise 9D
Exercise 9A 1. 51° 2. 48°
1. 0 2. 1 3. 66° 4. 27°
5. 2 cos i 6. 3 sin 2 i
5
3. 0 4. 7. cos i 8. 1
2
5. 45° 6. 30° 9. 1 10. 0
11. (a) 3 (b) -16
7. 30° 8. 60°
5 3 Integrated Exercise 9
9. 10. 3 2
2
Conventional Questions
11. 60° 12. x = 2 , i = 30° 3 5
1. (a) (b)
13. 45° 4 4
1
14. (a) 10 cm (b) 15° 2. (a) (b) -4
sin i cos i
3
Exercise 9B 3. (a) 30° (b) -
4
24 7 12 12
1. cos i = , tan i = 4. (a) sin i = , tan i =
25 24 13 5
J N J N
2 K 2 5O 1 K 5O 78
2. sin i = Kor 5 O, cos i = Kor 5 O (b)
5 L 5 L 5
P P
4 4 1 15
3. sin i = , tan i = 5. (a) sin i = , cos i =
5 3 4 4
J N 7
1 K 13 O 7 (b)
4. or
K 5. 2
13 L 13 O 5
P 98
1 2 6. (b)
6. 7. 13
12 3
7. (a) 2m
Exercise 9C (b) 2 ( 3 - 1) m (or ( 6 - 2 ) m)
2
1. cos i 2. 4
2 1
3. cos i 4.
cos i
5. sin i 6. tan 2 i
1
7.
6
8 15
8. (a) (b)
17 8
9. (a) cos i = 5 sin i
J N J N
1 K 26 O 5 K 5 26 O
(b) sin i = Kor , cos i = or
26 L 26 O K
26 L 26 O
P P
7
10. (a) 4 (b)
8
13
11. (a) (b) 7
2

9.26