MATICS-x TRIGONOMETRICR

RATIOs

and B are acute.

te
angles such that
-) C
I n a AABC right angled at A, if tan C
cos A =
cos B, then
475
=
3, find the show that LA
value of sin =ZB.
her th
State whether the
following statements are true BcosC+cos Bsin C. NCERT
1 The value of tan A is always less than 1, or false. Justify your answer. ICBSE 2008|
()sec A=for some value of angle A.
cos A is the abbreviatio
(ii) used for the cosecant of
Using (ii) iv) cot A is the product of cot and
A. angle A.
(sin= for some angle 0.
BASED ON LOTS
1n - find the value of sin e-cos?1
2sin cos tan 0
3 si
CISE 10.1 i f secA =verify that
4 coss A
A4sin"A3tan A - tan A
3cos A 1-3tan2 A
f the other
2If cot prove that sec6-cosec 1
Vsec0+ cosec 7
I f 3cos-4 sin =2cos+ sin 0, find tan 6.
2
ANSWERS
3 5
INCERT]
1. () cos A=,tan A =-

sec A EcOsec
5
=
A=cot A
INCERT )
sin A tan A=secA = cosec A-cotA
INCERT]
- 1
1i) sin 9 = V122 cos6=.122 cosec = , sec 0 V122,cot0
= =

11 11
INCERT
Giv) tan 0sin cos cosec = sec8-
)sin = , cos = tan =Cosec 6=15 cot* 12
13 13
V10- , cot =3
(vi) sin = , sec0
=

6 10
=.

cos = V10 tan 3 3

49 49
15 5. Yes
26) G 242 3, sin A=secA= 4 . (i) 41
64 64
lo.
b+a 12 3 R=Yes
7.
1
12. 13. 160 14. tan P1cot
b - a
3 7 595
False 18. 5
(v) 3450
17. (G) False (ii) False (iv) False
(i) True
ANGLES
10.5 OF SOME
SPECIFIC
angles by using
some

n TRIGONOMETRIC
RATIOS standard
ratios ofsome ot the
trigonometrie

section wes findgeometry.

the
shall
For
trigonometric
other angles,
we can
make use

nentary knowle
tables. Wledge of

side AY. Draw

10.5.1 OF 0"
AND 90 its terminal

Let TRIGONOMETRIC
on
ATIOS be a point
and let P
2XAY =0bbe
e a n acute
angle
0.35
perpendicula PMIfrom PonAX.
RGONOMETRICRATIOs
479

Ising the values of trigonometric ratios of standard angles, we obtain

1 1
sin 45°+ cos 45°
(sin 45)+(cos45 (1/ 2} +1/2 2'2.1
tan 60° (tan 602 (3y2
1+2x1
sin30° sirn 90° +2cos 0°
tan 30 tan 60°

sin 60 - cot 30° +15cos90° =. 2 - 3 +15x 0 = v3 - 3 +0 =0

cos 45° (1/22

5sin 30+cos*45 4tan 30 5x(1/2) (1/V2) -4x(1/3)

+

tan 45°
2 sin 30° cos 30° +
2x +1
4 5
2 5
423 +2 6(3+2
-v
2 2
Show that:
YMTLE 5
tan 30) 66
0 2(cos 459+tan 60°) (sin 45
=

-6
-

30
60° + cot 45°) + 3sec
i) 2(cos' 60 + sin 30) (tan
-

we obtain
ratios of standard angles,
the values of trigonometric
DLUTION Using 30°)
45+ tan^60°)
-

6 (sin* 45°
-

tan
2(cos

---1)--7-1n6

+ 3sec 30°
60° +cots 45°)
sin 30°) (tan
-

2(cos' 60°+
3-(«67-a). L.-(3+1)+3*
16

2x-4
8
+4
following:
AMPLE 6 Find the value of 0in each ofthe 3 tan 20-3
0
=1
(i)
2sin 29 3 = (i) 2 cos30
LUTION () Wehave, 20 600 = 30

sin sin 20 sin60° =

2sin 20 0=3 s i n20 2

=

20°
) 4 S n2 60° 0 =
>
30
Wehave
=

cos60° >
cos3 0
=

cos 3 0
=# >

1
) Wehave Cos 3 9
V3 tan 20 -3 = 0
480
3 tan 20=3 tan 2 0 = v3 tan 20 = tan 60
MATHEMNTIKS
20 6%

EXAMPLE 7 Find the value of x in each ofthe following:

sin 30° (ii) cosx = cos60° cos 30° + sin 60.
) tan 3x =sin 45° cos 45° + 30
i ) sin 2r =sin 60°cos 30° cos60° sin 30°

45°cos 45°+ sin 30°

=

SOLUTION (i) tan 3x = sin

. 3x = 45 x = 15°

(ii) cos r =
cos60° cos 30° + sin 60°sin 30°
Cos 3
= 30
(iii) sin 2x =
sin 60° cos 30° -

cos 60° sin 30° =

sin 30
2x = 30° * =15°
EAMPLE S Solve each of the following equations when 0°< 0 < 90°.

2 cos e =1 i) 2 cos0 =
(ii) 2 sin 0 =
(iv) 3 tan0-1=0
2
SOLUTION (i) 2 cos 6 = 1l cos 0 6 0 = 60°

cos > 0 for 0° <0<90°]

)
2cos =*= cos0 =
cos = -60
i ) 2 sin e - 1 sin?e - 1 sine = 0 =30°
sin > 0 for 0°<0<®
4
iv) 3 t a n - 1 tan = tan = 6 e = 30°
= 30° tan > 0 for 0° <0° <9|
3
EXALE Solveeach ofthe following equations for 0° <0< 90°.
2 sin 20 = v3 (i) tan50 = 1
d) 2 cos 3 4 = 1 (ii)
30 60° » 0 = 20
SOLLTION (i) 2cos3 6 = 1 cos 0 3 =

( i 2sin 2 6 = v3 sin 6 = 20 = 60° 0 = 30°

i i tan 56 1 5 6 =45° 0 =9°

EAMPIt 1u Ifx = 30°, verify that
3cosx
(1) sin 3x = 3 sinx - 4 sin'x
(1i) cos 3x =4 cos' x -

2 tan x 1-cos 21
(1) tan 2x - -

(iv) sin X =, 2
1-tan x
SOLUTION (i) x= 3 0 3x = 90° sin 3x = sin 90° = 1

and, 3 sin x - 4 sin 'x = 3 sin 30

4sin '30° 3x

sin 3x 3 sinx- 4sinx

(i) x =30 3 x = 90° cos 3x = cos 9 0 0
-4x 3 2
and, 4cos x - 3 cos x =4 cos' 30° - 3cos 30 8
482
MATHIEMA

BASED ON LOWER ORDER THINKING SKILLS (LOTS)

EXAMPLE 12 If@is an acuteangle and tan6+ cot = 2, jind the value of tan' a.

SOLUTION We have, Cof

tan0+ tan 6 =2
tan +=2
=2
tan +cot 0 = 2
tan 6 tan 0-2 tan 61
(tan- 1 = 0 » tan- 1 = 0 tan = 1 > tan6 = tan 45
45
tan' +cot 6= tan' 45°+cot 45 =(tan 45Y +(cot 45) =(1Y +1y=2
EXAMPLE 13 Find an acute angle 0, when COS6 - sin&1-v3
cos+sin6 1+V3
SOLUTION Wehave,

cos-sin 1-3
COs +sin 1+3
Applying componendo and dividendo, we obtain
(cos-sin&)+(cos+sin 6)_(1-3)+(1+3)
(cos8-sin )-(cos6 +sin 0) (1-v3)-(1+/3)
2cos cot
2
0 =
1
* tan6 =3 tane= tan60°=6
-2sin 2/ V3
ALITER Wehave,
cos sin4 1-3
cos + sin 0 1+ 3
Dividing numerator and denominator on LHS by cos0

cos6 sin 0
cos
cos sin8 1+ 3
Cos6
1 tan 1-v3
T+ tan 6 tanG = v3 tane =tan60° 0 =60°
D thena
EXAMPLE 14 If sin (A + B) =
1 and cos(A B) ,0°<A+B<90°and
2
-
=
A>
A and B.

sOLUTION We have, sin (A + B) = 1 and cos (A - B) =

2
sin (A+ B) = sin 90° and cos (A - B) = cos 30°

A+B 90° and A -B 30°

B) 90° 30° and (A B) (A - B) 90°- 30

(A + B) + (A - =
+ + -
=

2A 120° and 2B = 60°> A = 60° and B =30°

METRIC R A T I O S 483
TRIGONON
0-1.
AMPLE1 Ife is an acute angle
and
sin 0 cose,, find the valueof 2 tan0+ sin
=

Wehave, sin6 = cos0. Dividing both sides by cos0, we obtain

OLUTION
N
cose
1 tan6 tan 45°0 45°
tan e > = =
=

Sin
c o s6 cos0
3

1 2 tans 45° + sin 45°

-1 =

20 -1-2.-1
Aan20 + sin^0 -
=

75°.
B,find the B of+ sin
24 value
that sin (A + B) = sin A cos B+cos A sin
c o s A sin B,
16Eiten 30° in sin (A + B ) =sin A cos

45° and B
.pIE =

Putting A
=

UUON
TK Pu
cos 45° sin 30°
sin 45° cos 30°+
Heget
30°) =

3 1 -v3+1
sin (45°+
2/2 2 2 2/2 the
40units, find
sin75 2 2 at C. IfA = 30° and AB
=

right angled
is a right triangle,
17 ABC ABC. LA =30
EAMPLE
sides and
ZB of A AABC,
we
obtain
andZC =
90°
tuwo in 60°| =

romaining sum
property =
180°-120°
Using angle
1 8 0 ° L B

=
ZB+90°
$OLUTION
1 8 0 ° 3 0 ° +

A+ LB+ ZC = AC=20 units

=x2 40
=

we
find that Ac
in tig. 10.39,
3 AC
AC 40
40

= cos30° 40 2
20 units.
=40x
=

COSA BC
AB BC=40x
30°

440
0 Fig. 10.39

and, sin A =
BC
sin 30 =40 LB
=
60°
BC
AB units
and
Calculate
side
=
20 60°.
BC =

units, LBAC

20V3
Hence AC =

AB
= 20cm, 60°
ABCD, 60°. B
=
cm
20
rectangle
L B A C

20/3cnm
Fig. 10.40

DXAMPLE 18
8 In
I na
a rec =
20,
AB
wehave BC BC d i a g o n a l s .

ABC, the the

In A
OLUTION In
ONA V3 lengthof

Note
that

the 60". D
BD

tan 60°
= Find
AC
A C a
a n
n d
d

ZBCD=
each. that

of60°
d
diia
aggo
onna
alls
s

2
=

such
Z B A D

angles o t h e ra
annd
d
tan
tan BAC AB
=

BAC two and

o t h e r
t r i a n g l e

has cm
right
20
e
eaac
chh

cm a
20 s i db
e
biis
seec
ctto
orr
o
oft is
side
of r h o m b u sof
A O B

A D
perpendicular
r h o m b u s

So,
EXAMPLE 19 A
A B C D
be a respectively.

SOLUTION Let o m b u s
a
a r
r e
e
A B C

cm.

lagonals a rhor
Ombus
20
of Z B A D
and
AB =
and
re
D

bisectors
i s e c t a

of
IOR
=
90°
484

BO .1BO o-10
MATHEMATIS
sin 30° 20 =

AC 2 AO =2x 10/3 20/3 cm, BD = 2 BO = 2x 10 20 c

m
EXAMPLE 20 The altitude AD of a A ABC, in which ZA obtuse
and, AnD 10 cn
BD= 10 cm and CD =10/3cm, determine ZA.
SOLUTION A ABCis a right triangle, right angled at D such that AD =10 cm and D
and BD=10
tanBAD= BD =1 =tan 45° ZBAD =
45
AD
We find that AACD is a right triangle right angled at D such that AD =
10 cm ar
DC 10/3 cm.

tan 2CAD =
tan CAD 10/3 3
=

AD 10
=
tan 60° 2CAD =
60° 10cm

LBAC LBAD+ 2CAD 10 cm D10/3cm

45° + 60°
=
=
=
105°
EXAMPLE Fig. 10.42
21quilateral triangle is inscribed in circle of radius 6 cm. Find a
SOLUTIONXet ABCbe equilateral triangle inscribed ina circle of radius 6its side.Let
an
centre of the circle. Then, OA OB =
OC =
=
6cm. Let OD be
cm.
Obethe
BC. Then, D is the perpendicular from 0 on side
mid-point of BC and OB and OC are bisectors of ZB and
LC respectively
Therefore, 20BD =
30°. Thus, in A OBD,
2OBD =30° and OB = 6 cm.
right angled at D, we have
.
cos 20BD =

cos30° =
BD
BD
OB
6
=
6cos 30° 6x=33
2 cm
=
0
BC 2 BD 2(3/3) 6/3 cm =
30 30
Hence, the length of each side of the
EXAMPLE 22 feach of a, Band is a
equilateral triangle is 6/3 cm. Fig. 10.43
y positive acute angle such that
sin(a +B-) cos 1 1
(B +y- a) 2 and tan (y +a-B) =1,
=
=

the
find values of a, Band y.
SOLUTION We have

sin(a+B-)= cos (ß+7- a) =and

tan (y +a -B) =l,
sin
(a+B-7)= sin 30°, cos (B+y-a)= cos 60° and tan (y +a-B)= 45
a +B-y = 30°
) B+Y-a = 60°
ta
Adding (i) to (ii) and (ii) respectively, we .i) Y -ß = 45°
get
23 90 and 2u. 75° = B 45° and a 37
=
=

Putting the values of a and Bin (i), we

get
37
37 +45°-Y =
30°y 52 1° =

2
Hence, a
37B= 459 and y 521 =
O M E T R I C R A T I O S
485

ENAMPLE 2 3 E 23 a n acuteangled triangle ABC,iftan (A + B-C) =1 and, sec (B +C-A) =2,find

A, Band C.
the We have,
tan (A + B- C) = 1 and sec (B + C- A) = 2
tan (A+ B- C) = tan 45° and sec (B + C- A) = sec 60

A+B-C =45°and B+C A =

60°
-

(A+B-C)+(B +C-A) =45° +60°28 105° B = 52

Putting B =52 inB+C-A =

60°, weget
52C-A =60° C-A = 75 .i)

property in A ABC, we obtain

Using angle
sum

1 10
A+B+C= 180° A +52 +C =180° C+A =127 .i)

and (i), we get

Adding and subtracting (i)
2C 135° and 2A = 120° C= 67 and A = 60°

Hence, A = 60°, B = 52 and C = 67

EXAMPLE 24 The rod AC ofa TV disc antenna

5 Supporting the
fixed at right angles to the wall AB anda rod CD
disc as shown in Fig. 10.44. IfAC = 1.5 m long and and CD = 3m, find
is
[CBSE 2020]
(i) tan 0 (ii) sec0+ cosec 6.
we obtain
theorem in right triangle CAD,
0LUTION Applying Pythagoras

CD =
AD? +AC? AD =VcD2 -

AC?
-- -3
i)
InCAD, we obtain
tan =
AC 3/2
AD 33/2 3 D
9) In B Fig. 10.44
ACAD, we obtain

sin 9 =4C3/2 s0AD 33/2 sec =

sin6- CD3
Sec6+cosec 6 = +2-1+ v3)
EXERC:SE 10.2

BASIC
Eval each of the
.
sin 45 following (1-9) 2. cos60° cos45°- sin 60° sin 45°
sin cos 45° cos 30°
Sin 30°
cos 45°+4 4 tan2 30° +sin290° -2cos 90°+cos0
24
A(6in'
60+cosos 30)-3 (tan 60° tan45°)+5cos 45°
486

.(cosec 45°sec? 30°) (sin2 30° + 4cot 45° sec 60)

MATHEMATI
7.
cot 30°- 2cos 60°_3.sec .
COsec 30°cos60° tan' 45°sin290 sec245°cot 30°
.
A5
tan 45°
4se
tan 60 4cos? 45° +3sec2 30°+5cos 90 sec60° 5 sin 90
8. - 9.
cosec 30° + sec60° - cot 30° COsec 30° cot 45
2cos0°
0. Find the value ofx in cach of thefollowing:
(i) 2 sin =1 i) 3 sin* = cosx (ii) y3 tan 2x =
cos 60° + sin 45 cos 45
11. If e =30°, verify that:
2tane ii) c o s2 0 = t a n e
(i) sin 20 =

1+ tan 1+tan2
12. If A B
= =
60°, verify that
(i) cos (A - B)=cosA cosB+ sin A sinB
i) sin(A- B)=sin A cos B cos A sin B
-

B)= tan A tanB

-

(1) tan (A -

1+ tan A tan B
13. Prove that (/3 1)(3- cot 30°) tan' 60° 2sin 60°. =

[NCERT EXEMPLAR
-

14. () If tan (A -

B) =
and tan (A + B) =
V3,0°<A+B< 90°, A> B find A and B
V3 [NCERT
(ii) If tan (A B) l and
+ =

tan (A - B) -0°<A +B <90°, A> B,

=
then find the
values of.
and B.
1
CBSE 2019
15. If sin (A -

B) =
and cos (A + B) =*,0°< A +B 90°, A> B find Aand B. [NCERT
16. In a A ABC right angled at B, LA = LC. Find the values of
(i)sin A cosC + cos A sinC
(i) sinA sin B + cos A cosB
17. Find acute angles A and v3
B, if sin (A +2B) and cos (A+4B) =

0,A> B. =

18. In A PQR,
right-angled at Q, PQ =
3 cm and PR =
6 cm. Determine 2P and 2ZR. NCERT

BASED ON LOTS
19 lf sin (A
sin A cos -

B) =

B- cos Asin B and values

of sin 15° and cos 15°.
cos (A B)-
=
cos A cos B +
sin Asin B, tnu u
20. In a
right triangle ABC, right angled at C, if ZB 60° and AB
angles and sides.
=

=15 units. Find the

i
21 1f AABC is a
right triangle such that 2C =
90°, LA 45° and BC=7 units. Find
=
4B and-

22 If A and B are acute angles such that tan A = , tan B = and tan (A + B) = _tan
2b, tan
tan A +Atanb in

A B. 1

ANSWERS

31
22 2/2 3. 2
4. 1
6. 83
-13
3
. 9. 0 (ii) 15
10. (i) 60° (ii) 30°
14. (i) A-45, 15° (i)
A37 ,B- 7 A = 45°, B = 15° 16. (i) 1, (i) 2
17. A 30°, B 15° 18. 2P 3+1
=
60°, 2 R 30 Sin 15
3 -1
, cos 15° 2
20. 2A 30°, BC 22
7.5 and AC *3 =

2 45, AC - 7, AB =7VZ
22. 45