an (90° – 25°) = tan

Note that 65°

INTRODUCTION
alternatively TO TRIGONOMETRY
we could have used Pythagoras theorem to determine the third 189
side in the example above, EXERCISE 8.1
an 65° 1. In ABC,
INTRODUCTION RIGONOMETRYat B,tan
TO Tright-angled AB65°
= 24 cm, BC = 7 cm. Determine : 181
1i.e., Example 9 : Evaluate
AC = AB2 BC. 2 52 (5 3) 2 cm = 10cm.
an 65° (i) sin A, cos A cot 25°
(ii) sin C, cos C EXERCISE 8.1
ere 3A is Example 7 : Solution
In find
an acute 1.angle, PQR,: Weright
the know
value - angled
:
of at cot A = tan
In ABC, right-angled at B, Introduction
AB = 24 cm, BC to
(90° – A)
= 7trigonometry
cm. Determine :
Q (see Fig.2.8.20), In Fig. 8.13, find tan P – cot R.
So,PQ = 3 cm and PR = 6 cm. cotClass 25° =Testtan (90°
- I – 25°) = tan 65°
Determine QPR (i) sin andA,3cos PRQ.
A
, calculate cos A and tan A.
(A – 26°).Solution :3.Given If(ii)
sin sinA =C, cos C (1) tan 65° tan 65°
i.e.,PQ = 43 cm and PR = 6 cm. = 1
write (1) as 2.
4. In Fig.
Given 8.13,
15 cot find
A =tan
8, P
find– cot
sin R.
A and cot
sec A. 25° tan 65°
PQ
Therefore, Example 3 10 13: ,If =sinsin 3A R cos (A – 26°), where 3A is an acute angle, find the value of
A – 26°) 1. 3.
5. If sin Asec
Given = = PR , calculate
calculate cos=all
A and
othertan A.
trigonometric ratios. Fig. 8.13
A. 4 12 Fig. 8.20
cute angles, therefore, 4.
6. Given A15
If Solution andcot:AB =are find3 sin
8, acute 1A andsuch
angles sec that
A. cos A = cos B, then show that A = B.
or We
sin Rare = given that sin 3A = cos (A – 26°). (1)
AO T–RIGONOMETRY
26° INTRODUCTION TO TRIGONOMETRY Since 7 ,=sin ,3A 13 6
= cos (90°
2 (1 sin – 3A), ) (1wesin 187
can)write (1) as 1898.13
2. 5.
7. GivenIf cot sec = evaluate
12
calculate
: (i) all other trigonometric,ratios.(ii) cot2 Fig.
So, 8 (1 cos ) (1 cos )
9° EXERCISE
6. If A and 8.2 PRQ = 30° cos (90° – 3A) = cos (A – 26°)
B are acute angles such that cos A = cos B, then show that A = B.
the following
and
Example
:
therefore, Since tan 90°
9 8.: Evaluate
65° – =3A60°.
QPR . and A(Why?)
1– 26°tan 2are A both acute angles, therefore,
n terms of trigonometric If 3 cotratios
A 7cot
= 4, 25°check
of whether(1 sin 2 ) (1 = cos
angles sin 2 A) ,– sin2A or not.
7. If cot = , evaluate : (i) 1 + tan A
90° – 3A =(either
A – 26° an(ii) cotangle
2
60° cos 30° +You may
sin 30° 3.
cosnote Evaluate:
60°that if one (ii)8 2oftanthe45°
2 sides
+ cos and30°
2
(1any –cosother
sin 2
) (1part
60° cos ) acute or any
1 ,
side) of a right triangle
which is
gives known, the remaining sides Aand= angles
29° of the triangle can be
cos 45° Solution : We 9. In knowtriangle: ABC, right-angled cot A = tan
sin 30° + tan 45°1– cosec
at B,(90°
if tan – AA)=
2 60°
3
find the value of:
determined. (iv) tan A
cot30°
(90° –So,
+ cosec 5°)
30° + cos8.(90° If (i)
3 cot–sin15°)
AA= cos 4,seccheck
C 30°+cot 25°
whether
cos A sin=60°tan
C1 ++(90° – 25°)
= cos=2 Atan– sin
65°2A or not.
Example 11 1 , + cos cot
: Express 85° cot+2 45°
tan 1Acos 75° in terms of trigonometric ratios of angles
an Example 4. 8 : If sin (A – B) =C – 45°.sincos (A C + B) = , 0° <1A + B 90°, A > B, find Find
A A and B.
os 25°
60+ sin 4 sec15°
2
30 tan 2 (ii)45 cos A 0°
between cosand
2 65°
tan
A sin
tanB,65° 2 A= , find the value of:
9. In triangle ABC, right-angled at if tan 1
sin 2 30i.e.,
andcosB.2 3010. InSolution PQR, right-angled atcot
=
Q, PR tan+ +QR = 25 3 PQ = 5 cm. Determine the values of
(i) sin A cos: C cot +
25°
cos A sin 85°
C
65°cos 75°cm=andcot (90° – 5°) + cos (90° – 15°)
sin
he correct option and justify your choice : P, cos P and tan P.
1
SE 8.3 Example Solution : Since,
5.10 : If(ii)sinsin 3A(A
cos = cos
A – B)C
cos (A=– –sin , Atherefore,
26°), where
sin C 3A A –isBan= acute=
30°tanangle,
5° + sin
(Why?) 15°
find thethe
Find value (1)
of
Value of A
tan 30 11. State whether the following 2 are true or false. Justify your answer.
A. 10. In(i) PQR, 1 of tan AatisQ,always
right-angled PR + QR =than
25 cm and PQ = 5 cm. Determine the values of
tan 2 30 Also, since cos The
+ B)Pvalue less 60° 1.(Why?) 8.3
Solution : We are(A
sin P,given
cos =
that
and2 tan , therefore,
sin 3A = cosA(A
P. +B =EXERCISE
– 26°). (2)
(1)
sin 60° (B) 6.
cos 60° Evaluate (C) 12 tan 60° (D) sin 30°
SolvingTO(1) and (ii)(2),secweA(90°= :–A3A),
get :for
= some
45° we andvaluewrite
Bof=angle A.
–Since
sin 42° 11.
INTRODUCTION
) cos2 48° sin 3A
i.(iv)
State
TRIGONOMETRY = 1.
cos Evaluate
whether
cosec 31° the
5 –following
sec 59° can
are true or15°.
(1) as Justify your answer. 189
false.
tan 45
(iii) cos A
cos
(i) The (90°is the
value abbreviation
–of3A)
tan A = iscos (Aused
always forthan
–less
26°) the cosecant
1. of angle A.
tan 2 45 sin 18 tan 26
(i)is 12 of(ii) (iii) cos 48° – sin 42° (iv) cosec 31° – sec 59°
tan 90° Since(B)
Example 90° ii.–(iv)
9 :1Evaluate (ii)
cot
tan
3A sec
andAA65°
A= –the
(C) 26°
.cos
sin
product
72
45°
for are both
some
cot
value
and
acute
cot
(D)
A.
angles,
064 A. therefore,
of angle
5
cot 25°4 90° – 3A = A – 26°
2A = 2 sin A is true when A (iii)
=
(v) 2.
sinShow
cos A=is the that :some angle used
forabbreviation . for the cosecant of angle A.
3
0 0° Solution
which:gives
We know
(B) 30° (iv): cot A(i)is the
(C) tancot
45° 48° Atan
product=A23°
tan (90°
= cot
of 29°
tan 42°– tan
(D)
and A)67° = 1
60°
A.
tan 30So, 8.3
7.
Trigonometric cotRatios
Show that (ii) 4cos 25°cos
38°
of Some
= tan
52° (90° –Specific
– sin 38° 25°) = tan
sin 52°
Angles
= 065°
acute angle, find
Example the
11 value
: of
Express A.cot
(v) sin =you for85° + cos
some 75°
angle in . terms of trigonometric ratios of angles
tan 2 30 From geometry, 3. If tan32Aare
= already
cot (A – familiar
18°), with
where 2A the
is construction
an acute angle, of angles
find of 30°,
the value of A.45°,
between 60°
0° and
and 45°.
90°. In this tan 65° wetan
section, will65°
find the values of the trigonometric ratios for these
cos i.e.,
60° (B) sin 60° (C) tan=60° = 1
(D) Asin
8.3
angles and,4.ofIfcourse,
Trigonometric tancot
A cot0°.
Ratios
25°
for B, prove
of that
tanSome
65° + 30°
B = 90°.
Specific Angles
an acute Solution
angle, find: the value 1 5. cotof85°
A.+ cos 75° = cot (90° – 5°) + cos (90° – 15°)
+ B) = Example
3 and tan10 From
(A:–IfB)sin= 3A = ; 0° < A +4A
geometry, If sec
you are
B = 90°;
cosecA (A
already – find
20°), where
familiar
> B, with
3A5°isA+an
and B.4A is
the an acute angle,
construction find theof
of angles value
30°,of45°,
A.
3 cos (A – 26°), where = tan acute
sin 15° angle, find the value of
60° and 90°. In this section, we will find the values of the trigonometric ratios for these
A.
ether the following are true orand,
angles false.
ofJustify
course,your
foranswer.
0°.
Solution : We are given that sin 3A = cos (A – 26°). (1)
(A + B) = sin A + sin B. EXERCISE 8.3
e value Since sin 3A = cos (90° – 3A), we can write (1) as
of sin 1.increases
Evaluateas: increases.
e value of cos increases as cos (90° – 3A) = cos (A – 26°)
increases.
sin 18 26°tan
are26both acute
= cosSince 90°
(i) –
for all values of3A. and A –(ii) (iii) angles,
cos 48° –therefore,
sin 42° (iv) cosec 31° – sec 59°
cos 72 cot 64
A is not defined for A = 0°. 90° – 3A = A – 26°
2. Show that :
which gives A = 29°
metric Ratios of Complementary Angles
(i) tan 48° tan 23° tan 42° tan 67° = 1
Example
o angles 11
are said to : Express
(ii)be cos
cot 85° + cos 75° in terms of trigonometric ratios of angles
complementary
38° cos 52° – sin 38° sin 52° = 0
between
uals 90°. In ABC,0° and 45°.
right-angled at B,
3. If tan 2A = cot (A – 18°), where 2A is an acute angle, find the value of A.
ny pair of complementary angles?
Solution : cot 85° + cos 75° = cot (90° – 5°) + cos (90° – 15°)
) 4. If tan A = cot B, prove that A + B = 90°. Fig. 8.21
= tan 5° + sin 15°
5. If sec 4A = cosec (A – 20°), where 4A is an acute angle, find the value of A.

EXERCISE 8.3
1. Evaluate :

sin 18 tan 26
(i) (ii) (iii) cos 48° – sin 42° (iv) cosec 31° – sec 59°
cos 72 cot 64