TRIGO-10TH (FOUNDATION)

CH

Ex.5 In  OPQ, right-angled at P, OP = 7 cm and

OQ – PQ = 1 cm (see figure). Determine the
CONTENTS values of sin Q and cos Q.
 Right Angle Triangle Q

 Trigonometric Ratio (T.R.) of some

Specific Angles
P O
 Trigonometric Ratios of 7 cm
Note :
Complementary Angles
1. The values of sin  & cos  are always less than
 Trigonometric Identities or equal to 1 & greater than or equal to –1.
2. Value of tan  & cot  lie between –  to + 
3. sin A, cos A, etc. are not product of sin and A.

4. (sin A)2  sin A2 etc.
EX  Ex.6 Given 15 cot A = 8, find sin A and sec A.
Ex.1 If ABC is right angle triangle, B = 90º,
AB = 12 cm, AC = 13 cm then find sin A and
cos C.
13
1 Ex.7 Given sec  = , calculate all other
Ex.2 If sin A = in right triangle ABC, then 12
2 trigonometric ratios.
find value of tan A, cosec A, tan B, cosec B. Ex.8 In ABC, right –angled at B, AB = 7 cm and
(AC – BC) = 1 cm. Find the values of sin C
and cos C.
Ex.3 If B and Q are acute angles such that sin
B = sin Q, then prove that B = Q. Ex.9 If A and B are acute angles such that
cos A = cos B, then show that A = B.

Ex.4 Consider ACB, right-angled at C, in which

7
AB = 29 units, BC = 21 units and ABC =  Ex.10 If cot  = , evaluate :
8
(see figure). Determine the value of
(1  sin )(1  sin )
(i) cos2  + sin2, (i) , (ii) cot2 
(1  cos )(1  cos )
(ii) cos2  – sin2 Ex.11 If 3 cot A = 4, check whether
A 1  tan 2 A
= cos2 A – sin2A or not.
29 1  tan 2 A


C B
21
10 TH FONDATION Trigonometry 1
Ex.12 In triangle ABC, right-angled at B, if Ex.21 In fig. AD = DB and B is a right angle.
1 Determine
tan A = , find the value of :
3 (i) sin   (ii) cos  
(i) sin A cos C + cos A sin C  (iii) tan  (iv) sin2 + cos2 
A
(ii) cos A cos C – sin A sin C
Ex.13 In PQR, right-angled at Q, PR + QR = 25 cm
and PQ = 5 cm. Determine the values of
sin P, cos P and tan P.
b Da

3
Ex.14 If sin A = , find cos A and tan A. 
5 C B
Ex.15 If cosec A = 10 , find other five  TRIGONOMETRIC RATIO (T.R.) OF
trigonometric ratios. SOME SPECIFIC ANGLES
The angles 0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 90° are angles for
which we have values of T.R.
2
Ex.16 If tan A = 2 – 1, show that sinA cosA= . A 0° 30° 45° 60° 90°
4
1 1 3
sin A 0 1
sin2 = (sin )2 2 2 2
cos2 = (cos )2
3 1 1
tan2 = (tan )2 cos A 1 0
2 2 2
cosec2 = (cosec )2
sec2 = (sec )2 tan A 0 1 Not
1 3 defined
cot2 = (cot )2 3

cot A Not 1 1
EX  3 0
defined 3
1
Ex.17 In a ABC right angled at C, if tan A = sec A 1 2 Not
3 2 2
3 defined
and tan B = 3 . Show that 2
cosec A Not 2 2 1
sin A cos B + cos A sin B = 1. defined 3

5 1  tan   sin when 0    90°

Ex.18 If sec = , evaluate .
4 1  tan    cos when  0    90°
  tan , cot are not defined for  = 90° & 0
12 respectively.
Ex.19 If cot B = , prove that
5  cosec , sec are not defined when  = 0 &
tan2 B – sin2B = sin4B. sec2B. 90° respectively.
.  sin = cos for only  = 45°
Ex.20 In a right triangle ABC, right angled at B, the   180° = c
ratio of AB to AC is 1 : 2 . Find the values c c
   
of   30° =   ; 45° =  
6
  4
2 tan A 2 tan A
(i) 2
and (ii) c c
1  tan A 1  tan 2 A    
60° =   ; 90° =  
3 2


10 TH FONDATION Trigonometry 2
EX    cos (90° – ) = sin ,sec (90° – ) = cosec 
Ex.22 Evaluate each of the following in the simplest   tan (90° – ) = cot ,cosec (90° – ) = sec 
form :
tan 65
(i) sin 60º cos 30º + cos 60º sin 30º Ex.32 Evaluate .
(ii) sin 60º cos 45º + cos 60º sin 45º cot 25

Ex.23 Evaluate the following expression :

(i) tan 60º cosec2 45º + sec2 60º tan 45º Ex.33 Without using trigonometric tables, evaluate
(ii) 4cot2 45º – sec2 60º + sin2 60º + cos2 90º. the following :
Ex.24 Show that : cos 37 º sin 41º sin 30º17´
(i) (ii) (iii)
(i) 2(cos245º + tan260º) – 6(sin245º – tan230º) = 6 sin 53º cos 49º cos 59º 43´
(ii) 2(cos460º + sin430º) – (tan260º + cot2 45º)
Ex.34 Without using trigonometric tables evaluate
1
+3 sec230º = the following :
4
(i) sin2 25º + sin2 65º (ii) cos2 13º – sin277º
Ex.25 Find the value of x in each of the following :
Ex.35 Without using trigonometric tables, evaluate
(i) tan 3x = sin 45º cos 45º + sin 30º the following :
(ii) cos x = cos 60º cos 30º + sin 60º sin 30º
cot 54º tan 20º
Ex.26 If x = 30°, verify that (i) + –2
tan 36º cot 70º
2 tan x
(i) tan 2x = (ii) sec 50º sin 40° + cos 40º cosec 50º
1  tan 2 x
Ex.36 Express each of the following in terms
1  cos 2x of trigonometric ratios of angles between 0º
(ii) sin x =
2 and 45º;
(i) cosec 69º + cot 69º
Ex.27 Find the value of  in each of the following : (ii) sin 81º + tan 81º
(iii) sin 72º + cot 72º
(i) 2 sin 2= 3 (ii) 2 cos 3= 1
Ex.37 Without using trigonometric tables, evaluate
Ex.28 If  is an acute angle and sin  = cos , find the following :
the value of 2 tan2+ sin2– 1. sin 2 20º  sin 2 70º sin(90º ) sin 
+
Ex.29 An equilateral triangle is inscribed in a circle 2 2
cos 20º  cos 70º tan 
of radius 6 cm. Find its side. cos(90º ) cos 
Ex.30 Using the formula, +
cot 
sin(A – B) = sinA cosB – cosA sinB, find the Ex.38 If tan 2= cot (+ 6º), where 2and + 6º
value of sin 15º. are acute angles, find the value of .
Ex.39 If A, B, C are the interior angles of a triangle
1 BC A
Ex.31 If tan (A + B) = 3 and tan (A – B) = ; ABC, prove that tan = cot
3 2 2
0° < A + B 90° ; A > B, find A and B. Ex.40 If tan 2A = cot (A – 18°), where 2A is an acute
angle, find the value of A.

Ex.41 If tan A = cot B, prove that A + B = 90°.

 TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS OF
Ex.42 If A, B and C are interior angles of a triangle
COMPLEMENTARY ANGLES
ABC, then show that
 We know complementary angles are pair of BC A
angles whose sum is 90° sin    cos
 2  2
Like 40°, 50° ; 60°, 30° ; 20°, 70° ; 15°, 75° ; etc,
Formulae :
sin (90° – ) = cos ,cot (90° – ) = tan .

10 TH FONDATION Trigonometry 3
Ex.43 Express sin 67° + cos 75° in terms of Ex.50 If (secA + tanA)(secB + tanB)(secC + tanC)
trigonometric ratios of angles between 0° = (secA – tanA)(secB – tanB)(secC – tanC)
and 45°. prove that each of the side is equal to ±1.
Ex.51 If tan + sin = m and tan – sin = n, show
 TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES that m2 – n2 = 4 m n .
sin 
(1) tan  = (linear) Ex.52 If cos + sin = 2 cos, show that
cos 
cos – sin = 2 sin.
(2) sin 2   cos 2   1 
 Ex.53 If sin + cos = p and sec + cosec = q,
(3) 1  tan 2   sec 2   square identites show that q(p2 – 1) = 2p
(4) 1  cot 2   cos ec 2 
p2 1
Ex.54 If sec + tan = p, show that = sin.
EX  p2  1

Ex.44 Prove the following trigonometric identities : cos  cos 

Ex.55 If = m and = n show that
(i) (1 – sin2) sec2= 1 cos  sin 
(ii) cos2 (1 + tan2) = 1 (m2 + n2)cos2 = n2.
Ex.45 Prove the following trigonometric identities : Ex.56 If acos + bsin = m and asin – bcos = n,
prove that a2 + b2 = m2 + n2.
sin 
(i) = cosec + cot  Ex.57 If acos – bsin = c, prove that
1  cos 
asin + bcos =  a 2  b 2  c 2
tan   sin  sec   1
(ii) = Ex.58 Prove that :
tan   sin  sec   1
(1 – sin + cos)2 = 2(1 + cos)(1 – sin)
Ex.46 Prove the following identities :
(i) (sin + cosec)2 + (cos + sec)2 Ex.59 If sin + sin2 = 1, prove that cos2 + cos4 = 1.
= 7 + tan2 + cot2
Ex.60 Prove that :
  (ii) (sinsec)2 + (coscosec)2 sin   cos  sin   cos  2
 
= (1 + seccosec)2 sin   cos  sin   cos  2 sin 2   1
(iii) sec4– sec2= tan4+ tan2 Ex.61 Express the ratios cos A, tan A and sec A in
terms of sin A.
Ex.47 Prove the following identities :
(i) cos4 A – cos2 A = sin4 A – sin2 A sin   cos   1 1
Ex.62 Prove that  ,
(ii) cot4 A – 1 = cosec4 A – 2cosec2 A sin   cos   1 sec   tan 
(iii) sin6 A + cos6 A = 1 – 3sin2 A cos2 A. using the identity sec2= 1 + tan2.
Ex.48 Prove the following identities :
sin 2 A cos 2 A 1
(i) 2
+ 2
= –2
cos A sin A sin A cos 2 A
2

cosA sin 2 A
(ii) + = sinA + cosA
1 – tanA sinA – cosA
(1  sin ) 2  (1 – sin ) 2  1  sin 2 θ 
(iii) = 2 
cos 2   1  sin 2 θ 
 
Ex.49 Prove the following identities :
(i) 2 (sin6  + cos6 ) –3(sin4  + cos4 ) + 1 = 
  (ii) (sin8 – cos8) =
(sin2 – cos2 ) (1 – 2sin2 cos2)
10 TH FONDATION Trigonometry 4