Introduction in English

Margaret Thatcher’s 1984 speech at the Conservative Party conference addresses her
government’s economic agenda focused on privatization, job creation, and reducing the role of
the state. Against the backdrop of widespread unrest in the coal mining industry and a
challenging national strike, Thatcher champions private ownership and entrepreneurship as the
path to prosperity. She portrays her government’s reforms as necessary for economic
modernization, arguing that privatization motivates workers, attracts investment, and spreads
ownership. The speech serves to justify these policies while seeking to rally the public and
Conservative supporters. Thatcher’s rhetoric contrasts workers who support economic progress
with union strikers whom she views as obstacles to growth and stability. Thus, the question
emerges: How does Thatcher employ her speech to legitimize radical economic reforms while
shaping public opinion against union resistance? To analyze this speech, the following plan will
be applied: first, examining Thatcher’s arguments for privatization and economic innovation;
second, analyzing her depiction of the miners’ strike; and finally, assessing the rhetorical
techniques she uses to persuade her audience.

Responses to Questions in English

ANTICIPATING the contents

1
.

W
h
a
t
t
y
p
e
o
f
t
e
x
t
i
s
i
t
?
H
o
w
s
h
o
u
l
d
i
t
i
m
p
a
c
t
y
o
u
r
r
e
a
d
i
n
g
?

•
T
h
i
s
i
s
a
p
o
l
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c
a
l
s
p
e
e
c
h
.
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t
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m
p
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a
n
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p
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y
a
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n
t
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p
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a
s
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,
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l
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f
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p
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b
l
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c
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p
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n
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n
.

2
.

W
h
a
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a
b
o
u
t
t
h
e
a
u
d
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e
n
c
e
?

T
h
e
a
u
d
i
e
n
c
e
c
o
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s
i
s
t
s
p
r
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m
a
r
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l
y
o
f
C
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n
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r
v
a
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P
a
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t
y
m
e
m
b
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n
d
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B
r
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p
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l
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c
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f
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g
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.
T
h
a
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c
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k
s
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o
c
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v
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p
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p
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m
s
.

3
.

W
h
a
t
d
o
e
s
t
h
e
t
e
r
m
“
d
e
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
i
z
e
d
”
(
l
.
2
)
r
e
f
e
r
t
o
?

•
T
h
e
t
e
r
m
“
d
e
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
i
z
e
d
”
r
e
f
e
r
s
t
o
t
h
e
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
o
f
p
r
i
v
a
t
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
,
w
h
e
r
e
p
u
b
l
i
c
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n
t
e
r
p
r
i
s
e
s
a
r
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o
l
d
t
o
p
r
i
v
a
t
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i
n
v
e
s
t
o
r
s
,
t
h
e
r
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b
y
r
e
d
u
c
i
n
g
s
t
a
t
e
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
o
v
e
r
t
h
e
s
e
s
e
c
t
o
r
s
.

4
.

W
h
e
n
w
a
s
t
h
e
s
p
e
e
c
h
d
e
l
i
v
e
r
e
d
?

T
h
e
s
p
e
e
c
h
w
a
s
d
e
l
i
v
e
r
e
d
o
n
O
c
t
o
b
e
r
1
2
,
1
9
8
4
.

5
.

D
o
y
o
u
k
n
o
w
a
n
y
t
h
i
n
g
a
b
o
u
t
t
h
e
l
a
r
g
e
r
c
o
n
t
e
x
t
?

T
h
e
s
p
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e
c
h
w
a
s
g
i
v
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n
d
u
r
i
n
g
a
p
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o
d
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f
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a
d
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c
a
l
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c
o
n
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m
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c
r
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f
o
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s
u
n
d
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r
T
h
a
t
c
h
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r
,
m
a
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k
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d
b
y
t
h
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p
r
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v
a
t
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z
a
t
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n
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f
p
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b
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c
c
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m
p
a
n
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a
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d
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s
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f
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c
a
n
t
m
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s
t
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k
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p
p
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s
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g
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c
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a
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d
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l
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r
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o
f
u
n
p
r
o
f
i
t
a
b
l
e
m
i
n
e
s
.

Comprehension: WHAT?

a.

1
.

W
h
a
t
’
s
t
h
e
i
m
m
e
d
i
a
t
e
c
o
n
t
e
x
t
?
J
u
s
t
i
f
y
y
o
u
r
a
n
s
w
e
r
.

T
h
e
s
p
e
e
c
h
i
s
s
e
t
w
i
t
h
i
n
t
h
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c
o
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t
e
x
t
o
f
e
c
o
n
o
m
i
c
r
e
f
o
r
m
s
e
m
p
h
a
s
i
z
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n
g
p
r
i
v
a
t
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z
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
i
n
d
u
s
t
r
i
a
l
c
h
a
n
g
e
,
a
s
t
h
e
B
r
i
t
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s
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g
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
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k
s
t
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d
u
c
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i
t
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l
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i
n
p
u
b
l
i
c
c
o
m
p
a
n
i
e
s
t
o
s
t
i
m
u
l
a
t
e
e
c
o
n
o
m
i
c
g
r
o
w
t
h
.
T
h
a
t
c
h
e
r
m
e
n
t
i
o
n
s
r
e
c
e
n
t
p
r
i
v
a
t
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
i
l
l
u
s
t
r
a
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s
o
f
h
e
r
p
o
l
i
c
i
e
s
.

2
.

W
h
a
t
i
s
M
a
r
g
a
r
e
t
T
h
a
t
c
h
e
r
’
s
m
a
i
n
a
r
g
u
m
e
n
t
i
n
f
a
v
o
u
r
o
f
p
r
i
v
a
t
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
?
H
o
w
d
o
e
s
s
h
e
t
r
y
t
o
m
a
k
e
t
h
e
p
r
i
v
a
t
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
p
r
o
c
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s
s
a
p
p
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a
l
i
n
g
t
o
t
h
e
g
e
n
e
r
a
l
p
u
b
l
i
c
?
J
u
s
t
i
f
y
y
o
u
r
a
n
s
w
e
r
.

H
e
r
m
a
i
n
a
r
g
u
m
e
n
t
i
s
t
h
a
t
p
r
i
v
a
t
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
m
o
t
i
v
a
t
e
s
w
o
r
k
e
r
s
,
b
o
o
s
t
s
p
r
o
f
i
t
s
,
a
n
d
a
t
t
r
a
c
t
s
i
n
v
e
s
t
m
e
n
t
,
a
l
l
o
w
i
n
g
e
m
p
l
o
y
e
e
s
t
o
b
e
c
o
m
e
s
h
a
r
e
h
o
l
d
e
r
s
.
S
h
e
m
a
k
e
s
t
h
i
s
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
a
p
p
e
a
l
i
n
g
b
y
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
i
n
g
i
t
a
s
a
p
a
t
h
t
o
p
r
o
s
p
e
r
i
t
y
a
n
d
s
e
l
f
-
s
u
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
f
o
r
o
r
d
i
n
a
r
y
c
i
t
i
z
e
n
s
.

3
.

N
e
w
i
n
d
u
s
t
r
i
e
s
a
n
d
n
e
w
j
o
b
s
i
n
t
h
e
p
i
p
e
l
i
n
e
(
l
.
1
6
-
1
7
)
W
h
a
t
m
a
j
o
r
e
c
o
n
o
m
i
c
t
r
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
i
s
M
a
r
g
a
r
e
t
T
h
a
t
c
h
e
r
r
e
f
e
r
r
i
n
g
t
o
?
B
a
s
e
d
o
n
t
h
e
s
e
c
o
n
d
p
a
r
a
g
r
a
p
h
,
t
o
w
h
a
t
e
x
t
e
n
t
i
s
t
h
i
s
c
h
a
n
g
e
i
n
e
v
i
t
a
b
l
e
?

S
h
e
r
e
f
e
r
s
t
o
t
h
e
t
r
a
n
s
i
t
i
o
n
t
o
w
a
r
d
m
o
d
e
r
n
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
i
n
d
u
s
t
r
i
e
s
(
b
i
o
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
)
.
S
h
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
s
t
h
i
s
c
h
a
n
g
e
a
s
i
n
e
v
i
t
a
b
l
e
,
s
t
r
e
s
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
n
e
e
d
t
o
a
d
a
p
t
t
o
s
t
a
y
c
o
m
p
e
t
i
t
i
v
e
i
n
t
h
e
g
l
o
b
a
l
m
a
r
k
e
t
.

C.

1
.

i
t
i
s
t
h
e
s
p
i
r
i
t
o
f
e
n
t
e
r
p
r
i
s
e
t
h
a
t
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
s
j
o
b
s
(
l
.
2
3
)
H
o
w
d
o
y
o
u
u
n
d
e
r
s
t
a
n
d
t
h
i
s
s
e
n
t
e
n
c
e
?
W
h
a
t
i
s
M
a
r
g
a
r
e
t
T
h
a
t
c
h
e
r
s
u
g
g
e
s
t
i
n
g
?
I
n
w
h
a
t
w
a
y
w
a
s
i
t
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
f
r
o
m
b
e
f
o
r
e
?

T
h
i
s
s
e
n
t
e
n
c
e
i
m
p
l
i
e
s
t
h
a
t
j
o
b
c
r
e
a
t
i
o
n
d
e
p
e
n
d
s
o
n
i
n
d
i
v
i
d
u
a
l
i
n
i
t
i
a
t
i
v
e
a
n
d
i
n
n
o
v
a
t
i
o
n
.
T
h
a
t
c
h
e
r
s
u
g
g
e
s
t
s
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
g
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
’
s
p
r
i
m
a
r
y
r
o
l
e
i
s
t
o
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
e
n
t
r
e
p
r
e
n
e
u
r
s
h
i
p
r
a
t
h
e
r
t
h
a
n
d
i
r
e
c
t
l
y
i
n
t
e
r
v
e
n
e
i
n
t
h
e
j
o
b
m
a
r
k
e
t
,
a
s
h
i
f
t
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
p
r
e
v
i
o
u
s
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
w
h
e
r
e
t
h
e
s
t
a
t
e
p
l
a
y
e
d
a
d
i
r
e
c
t
r
o
l
e
i
n
j
o
b
c
r
e
a
t
i
o
n
.

2
.

A
n
a
g
o
n
i
s
i
n
g
s
t
r
i
k
e
(
l
.
3
0
)
W
h
a
t
“
s
t
r
i
k
e
”
i
s
t
h
e
a
u
t
h
o
r
r
e
f
e
r
r
i
n
g
t
o
?
F
i
n
d
o
u
t
e
v
e
r
y
t
h
i
n
g
y
o
u
c
a
n
a
b
o
u
t
t
h
e
1
9
8
4
-
1
9
8
5
m
i
n
e
r
s
’
s
t
r
i
k
e
.
H
o
w
d
o
e
s
M
a
r
g
a
r
e
t
T
h
a
t
c
h
e
r
p
o
r
t
r
a
y
t
h
e
a
c
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
U
n
i
o
n
o
f
M
i
n
e
w
o
r
k
e
r
s
?

S
h
e
r
e
f
e
r
s
t
o
t
h
e
1
9
8
4
-
1
9
8
5
m
i
n
e
r
s
’
s
t
r
i
k
e
l
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
N
U
M
,
w
h
i
c
h
o
p
p
o
s
e
d
t
h
e
c
l
o
s
u
r
e
o
f
u
n
p
r
o
f
i
t
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