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MTPPT1 Introduction to Vectors

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14 views

MTPPT1 Introduction to Vectors

Uploaded by

Marcus Uy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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GED0081 – College Physics 1

Module 1:
Vectors
MPS Department | FEU Institute of Technology
Subtopic 1
Introduction to
Vectors
“Some physical quantities, such as time, temperature, mass, and density, can be
described completely by a single number with a unit. But many other important
quantities in physics have a direction associated with them and cannot be described
by a single number.”
Objectives

At the end of the lecture, the students must be able to:


• Differentiate scalar and vector quantities.
• Define unit vectors
• Calculate for the magnitude and direction of vectors in 2D and 3D space.
• When a physical quantity is described by a
single number, we call it a scalar quantity.

• In contrast, a vector quantity has both


magnitude and direction.
Vectors can be represented using arrows or components.

Vectors as arrows:
• A vector is drawn as an arrow with a head and a tail.
• The magnitude of the vector is often described by the length of the arrow.
• The arrow points in the direction of the vector.

https://www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/airplane/vectcomp.html https://www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/airplane/vectcomp.html
If two vectors have the same magnitude, they are equivalent.

If two vectors have the same direction, they are parallel.

If two vectors are pointing on opposite directions, they are called anti-parallel.

If they have the same magnitude and the same direction, they are equal.

https://www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/airplane/vectcomp.html
Subtopic 2
Unit Vectors

“Some physical quantities, such as time, temperature, mass, and density, can be
described completely by a single number with a unit. But many other important
quantities in physics have a direction associated with them and cannot be described
by a single number.”
Objectives

At the end of the lecture, the students must be able to:


• Define unit vectors.
• Identify the different components of a vector in 2D and 3D space.
• Calculate for unit vector representation of any given vector.
A vector which has a magnitude of 1.

෡ = (0,0,1) which are of length 1 and


The basic unit vectors are 𝒊Ƹ = (1,0,0), 𝒋Ƹ = (0,1,0), and 𝒌
have directions along the positive x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis respectively.

// Every vector has


its own unit
vector
representation
described by the
image on the left.
http://mathonline.wikidot.com/standard-unit-vectors

http://mathonline.wikidot.com/standard-unit-vectors
A vector “A” can be represented by the notation: 𝑨
A vector “B” can be represented by the notation: 𝑩
The magnitude of 𝐴Ԧ can be represented by the notation: 𝑨

A vector 𝑨 in a 2-dimensional space is represented by:


𝑨 = 𝑨𝒙 𝒊Ƹ + 𝑨𝒚 𝒋Ƹ = 𝑨𝒙 , 𝑨𝒚 // We use the unit
vectors to
A vector 𝑨 in a 3-dimensional space is represented by: represent
෡ = 𝑨𝒙 , 𝑨𝒚 , 𝑨𝒛
𝑨 = 𝑨𝒙 𝒊Ƹ + 𝑨𝒚 𝒋Ƹ + 𝑨𝒛 𝒌 components.
Example:
𝑨 = 𝟑𝒊Ƹ + 𝟐𝒋Ƹ = 𝟑, 𝟐
෡ = 𝟔, −𝟏𝟎, 𝟏
𝑩 = 𝟔𝒊Ƹ − 𝟏𝟎𝒋Ƹ + 𝒌
𝑪 = 𝟏𝟎𝒋Ƹ + 𝒌෡ = 𝟎, −𝟏𝟎, 𝟏
For a vector 𝐴Ԧ in a 2-dimensional space, the magnitude can be calculated as:

𝑨 = 𝑨𝟐𝒙 + 𝑨𝟐𝒚

For a vector 𝐴Ԧ in a 3-dimensional space, the magnitude can be calculated as:

𝑨 = 𝑨𝟐𝒙 + 𝑨𝟐𝒚 + 𝑨𝟐𝒛 // Just think of it


this way: to get the
magnitude of a
Try these! vector, just get the
Find the magnitude of the following vectors: square root of the
1. <3,5,2> sum of the
2. 𝑖 − 𝑗 + 2𝑘 squares of the
3. <0,0,9> components ☺
For a vector 𝐴Ԧ in a 2-dimensional space, the magnitude can be calculated as:
−𝟏
𝑨𝒚
𝜽 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧
𝑨𝒙

Try these! TAKE NOTE!


Find the angle of inclination of the following vectors: The angle theta is actually the
1. <1.13, -3.22> angle of inclination of a vector with
respect to the positive x-axis. For a
2. <15.02, 29.16>
vector in 3D space, the angle theta
3. 4i + 7j does not completely describe its
4. <5,0> direction.
To find a unit vector, 𝒖, in the same direction of a vector, 𝑨 , we use the formula:

𝑨 // Simply get the ratio of the


𝒖= vector itself and its magnitude.
𝑨

Example: Find the unit vector in the same direction of the vector 𝐹Ԧ = < 3, −4 >
Example: Find the unit vector in the same direction of the vector 𝑉 = 𝑖Ƹ + 2𝑗Ƹ − 𝑘෠

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