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vectors ready

تقرير عن المتجهات الفيزيائية

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امجد حسين يوسف
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12 views

vectors ready

تقرير عن المتجهات الفيزيائية

Uploaded by

امجد حسين يوسف
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 14

Building and Construction Engineering

Techniques

Report about Vectors


By:
AMJAD HUSSEIN MAHDI SALEH OSAMA NAJIM

HUSSEIN IBRAHIM TAHA YASEEN

Supervised by:
Dr. MOHAMMED TARIQ
Contents

-Introduction
-scalar and vectors
-Unit vector
-Representation of vector
-Properties of vector
-References
1-Introduction
Vector quantities are extremely useful in physics. The important
characteristic of a vector quantity is that it has both a magnitude
(or size) and a direction. Both of these properties must be given
in order to specify a vector completely. An example of a vector
quantity is a displacement. This tell us how far away we are
from a fixed point (o), and it also tellspus our direction relative
to that point. o

2-Scalars AND Vectors


Some physical quantities such as length, area, volume and mass
can be completely described by a single real number. Because
these quantities are describable by giving only a magnitude,
they are called scalars. [The word scalar means representable
by position on a line; having only magnitude.] On the other hand
physical quantities such as displacement, velocity, force and
acceleration require both a magnitude and a direction to
completely describe them. Such quantities are called vectors.
A vector A has a magnitude A=|A| and a direction
specified by a unit vector â

3-Unit vector

Noted with small bold letters with hats For vector 𝑨,


A vector whose length is 1, used to signify the direction.

𝑩,𝑪; the unit vectors are notated as 𝒂, 𝒃,


𝒄respectively.
unit vector â : has a magnitude of unity (|â |=1)

4-Representation of vector
A vector quantity is represented by two ways.
a- Symbolic Representation: A vector quantity is represented
by a bold letter such as F, a, d. or It is represented by a bar or an
arrow over their symbols. Such as F .
b- Graphical Representation: A vector can be represented by a
line segment with an arrow head as shown in figure.

Let a line AB with arrow head at B represent a vector .


The length of line AB gives the magnitude of vector v on
a selected scale. While the direction of the line A to B
gives the direction of vector .
Magnitude of the vector A shown in figure

The unit vector, â

5-Properties of Vector: Represents the operations


performed on vectors that facilitate the processes of
analysis as:
a-Equal vector

b-Addition and Subtraction of two vectors

Notation: the sum of two or more than two vectors called resultant
c- Vector components: vector Vector components are the parts

into which a vector can be decomposed in a given space. If

we have a specific vector, we can break it down into its


components along different axes (usually the x, y, and z axes

in three-dimensional space).

d-The dot product (Scalar product(


The dot product is a method for multiplying two vectors. The
dot product will be used to find an angle between two vectors
and will have applications in finding distances between points
and lines, points and planes
e- The Cross product (Vector product)
f- Commutative Law
g-Associative Law

h-Distributive Laws

i- h-Zero Vector Properties

.
j- o- Free vectors:
A vector whose position is not fixed in the space is called
free vector.

k- Parallel vectors:
If two or more than two vectors having same direction
are called parallel vectors.

l- Perpendicular vector:
If two or more than two vectors making an angle of
90 degree with each other are called perpendicular
vectors.
References
1-"Scalars and Vectors," The Physics Classroom. [Online]. Available:
https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/1DKin/Lesson-1/Scalars-and-Vectors.
[Accessed: 30-Dec-2024].

2-"Vector and Scalar - Definition, Vector Addition and Subtraction," BYJU's.


[Online]. Available: https://byjus.com/physics/scalars-and-vectors/. [Accessed: 30-
Dec-2024].

3-"Unit Vector- Definition, Formula, Example and Solved Problem," BYJU's.


[Online]. Available: https://byjus.com/maths/unit-vector/. [Accessed: 30-Dec-2024].

4-"Unit Vector - Formula, Definition, Calculate, Notation," Cuemath. [Online].


Available: https://www.cuemath.com/calculus/unit-vector/. [Accessed: 30-Dec-2024].

5-"Vectors," University of Manitoba. [Online]. Available:


https://home.cc.umanitoba.ca/~thomas/Courses/vectors.pdf. [Accessed: 30-Dec-2024]

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