Strength of Materials

(Lecture # 5)

Ph.D. Mai Duc Dai

Faculty of Civil Engineering & Applied Mechanics

Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education

Pi
q Mi

x
z

y
Pi
q Mi
M P

x z
z x

y
y
M
M M

z z x z z
y y y

P y
Qy
Qy Qy
P
Mx Mx
Mx

Consider a beam segment of length L. After

deformation, the length of the neutral surface
remains L. At other sections,
JK c
x -y z
-y JK DE L
JK L y
y y

z L L y y
y y
z
L Bending moment

Mx Mx
c c z y
x m or Jx Wx Sectional modulus
m

y
z m Section moment of inertia
c
y
y
1 n
n
b b yCi Fi
xCi Fi
First moment of inertia Centroid of composite area tf tf i 1 yC i 1
xC n
y y0 yC 2 Gf x Gf n
Fi
Fi
i 1 i 1
Sx ydF yc F d Gw d Gw
F
y Centroid coordinates
2
Sy xdF xc F xCi , yCi
F
yC x0 n tw tw
xCi Fi
3 Sy i 1
length xC n Fi
xC x F Fi
x i 1 1 2 Web:
n
Area : F2 dt w
yCi Fi Area : F1 bt f
Sx i 1 d tf
yC n Centroid : G f 0, 0 Centroid : Gw 0,
F 2
Fi
Sx0 = 0 x0 i 1
1 1 d tf d tf
Sy0 = 0 y0 xC F1.0 F2 .0 0 yC F1.0 F2 . F2
F1 F2 F1 F2 2 2( F1 F2 )

y0
x 0)

y Ix y 2 dA
I x0 y '2 dA
b/2 b/2
x0 dA bdy

Moment of inertia about the x- h/2

dy h/2
b 3 h/2 1 3
x0 )
h
Ix by 2 dy y h/2 bh
o x 3 12
h/2
h/2
x b/2
b h 3 b/2 1 3
Iy hx 2 dx x b/2 hb
Parallel-axis theorem b/2
3 12

n
2
Ix I x0 d 2 A Ix I x 0i d i Ai Composite area
i 1
yc

J r 2 dA
A y d tf 12 1
1 yC F2 12.1 3.25in
dA 2 rdr b 2( F1 F2 ) 2(12.1 1.12)
D 2R R tf
R
3 r4 1 4 3,25 Gf x
J 2 r dr 2 R xc
0 4 0
2 3,25
d Gw
2
0.1D 4
J r dA 2 n
2
A I xc I x 0 d i Ai
tw i 1
x2 y 2 dA x 2 dA y 2 dA
12.13 1.12 3
A A A
3,25 2.12.1 3,25 2.1.12
Ix Iy 1 1 4 d b 12 in 12 12
Ix Iy J R
2 4 t w t f 1in 398.5 in 4
0.05 D 4
-y Deformation due to bending moment M is quantified SOLUTION:
by the curvature of the neutral surface Based on the cross section geometry,
1 m m 1 Mc calculate the location of the section
c Ec Ec I centroid and moment of inertia.
M yA
Yc I xc I Ad 2
EI A
Although cross sectional planes remain planar when
subjected to bending moments, in-plane Apply the elastic flexural formula to
z find the maximum tensile and
x deformations are nonzero,
compressive stresses.
y y
y z x z Mc
m
I
Expansion above the neutral surface and contraction A cast-iron machine part is acted upon by a
below it cause an in-plane curvature, 3 kN-m couple. Knowing E = 165 GPa and Calculate the curvature
1 neglecting the effects of fillets, determine 1 M
anticlasti c curvature (a) the maximum tensile and compressive EI
stresses, (b) the radius of curvature.
SOLUTION:
Based on the cross section geometry, calculate Apply the elastic flexural formula to find the
the location of the section centroid and maximum tensile and compressive stresses.
moment of inertia. Mc
m
I
Area, mm 2 y , mm yA, mm 3 M c A 3 kN m 0.022 m 76.0 MPa
A A
1 20 90 1800 50 90 103 I 868 10 9 m 4
2 40 30 1200 20 24 103 M cB 3 kN m 0.038 m 131.3 MPa
B B
Ai 3000 yi Ai 114 103 I 868 10 9 m 4

yi Ai 114 103 Calculate the curvature

Yc 38 mm
Ai 3000 1 M
EI
2 1 3 2
I xc Ii Ai d i bi hi Ai d i 3 kN m 1
20.95 10 3 m -1
12
3 2
1
12 90 20 1800 12 1
12 30 403 1200 182 165 GPa 868 10 m -9 4
I xc 868 103 mm 4 868 10-9 m 4 47.7 m

min
min
min
n
n
ymax ymax
x
z z
h
x
k k
dF x ymax ymax
y
Mx
z y
y Jx y max
y
max max

Mx k Mx k
max ymax max ymax
Jx Mx Jx Jx
Mx n max min
Wx Wx Mx n max min
min ymax ymax min ymax
Jx Jx
min

n
min ymax
x
n
ymax
x k
ymax
k
ymax
y max

y Mx k
max
k ymax k
Jx ymax k
n
Mx n ymax n
n ymax
Mx k
Jx
max
max ymax k Mx
Jx max
ymax
max
Jx k n 1
Mx max n
min y max n
Jx k n 1

Mx 0 Mx 0
min
max

k
n
ymax ymax
x
x
n
k
ymax ymax

y max y min

x
x

y
y
min

n M
ymax
x
2b
A B z
k
y
ymax 2
M 12kN .m; 6kN / cm b
y max

x x b

2b

y y

M
x
B y z
2b 3
b
A 2b b b4 b b3
Jx ; ymax b ; Wx
12 6 2 3 2b
Qy
b

Mx 3M 3M 3.1200
b 3 3 8, 43cm
b3 6
Mx max
max z
Wx
3
b 2b 2 4 2 3 x
Mx max
M; Jx b ; ymax b ;Wx b 2b b 6, 69cm b b 8, 43cm
12 3 3
3M
b 3
3M 3
3.12.100
6, 69cm 2b
2b3 2 2.6 b
M
2b
A B z
y 4b
M
2b Qy y
b 3b b
A B y z 4b Mx
M
M 15kN .m; 6kN / cm2 b 3b b

2
yci Fi
i 1 3b.30b 2 2b.12b 2 11 3b.30b 2 2b.12b 2 11
yc b b
2
30b 2 12b 2 3 30b 12b 2
2
3
Fi
i 1
3 2 3 2
5b. 6b 11 3b. 4b 11
Jx b 3b .30b 2 b 2b .12b 2 54b 4
12 3 12 3

Mx max 2b
max z ymax
Jx 4b
Mx max
M y
b 3b b A B C y z
k 11
ymax y max b
3
b 3cm; k 2,5kN / cm 2 ; n 6kN / cm 2
M 11 11M 11.1500
b b 3 3 2,57cm
54b 4 3 3.54. 3.54.6

b 2, 6cm
3M M
Mx max k Mx 2M
max ymax k max
Jx k
A B C z y max 7,1b
y Mx n n
min
max
y max n
y max 4,9b
2M Jx

Mx 2M
7,1b k
433, 7b 4
M
2M
4,9b n
433, 7b 4
2
yci Fi 433, 7b 3 k 433, 7.33.2,5
i 1 6b.8b.12b 6,5b.6b.11b M 2061, 6kN .cm
yc 2
4,9b 2.7,1 2.7,1
8b.12b 6b.11b
Fi 433, 7b 3 433, 7.33.6
n
i 1 M 7169,32kN .cm
3 3 2.4,9 2.4,9
8b. 12b 2 6b. 11b 2
Jx 6b 4,9b .8b.12b 6,5b 4,9b .6b.11b 433, 7b 4 M 2061kN .cm
12 12

P
- Shearing
z
x z
y
y

P
Qy
P
Mx
yz
min

zy

( p)
z (t )
z
z
x
x A h max
FC bc C y
y y c
A
y dz
dz
y max
FC
Qy b
Q y S xc Jx
yz bc 6Qy h 2 0 khi y h/2
J xbc y2
yz
yz
S xc Fc bh3 4 yz max khi y 0

A min
min
Mx n A C
A min A ymax B B B
Jx z
B B B
z C max max C
C x
max
x E D D D
D E
D D Mx k
E max E ymax
Jx y max
max
y
M x max k
max ymax k
max
Jx
Mx max n
min ymax n 2
Jx
Mx
max min max min k , n 3
Wx
B
min

A B

B B B Mx
z B yB
C
Jx
x max z
D
D D A B
D D C
E D
y b
max Mx 1m 2m
y D yD 4m
Jx

Mx
y
Jx
Q y S xC
J xbC

mA 0 110.1 80.3 YD .7 0 mD 0 YA .7 110.6 80.4 0

Mx
YA 140kN (*)
YB 50kN z max
Wx max

2b.(3b)3 b.(2b)3 23 4
z Jx b 3,833b 4 ;
C
D 12 12 6
4m Jx 23 3
YA YD y Wx b 2,556b3 ; M x 20000kN .cm
b 1,5b 9
140
30
Qy kN
50 20000 20000
(*) 8 b 3 9,926cm
2,556b3 2,556.8
Mx kN .m

140
200 b 10cm
3a 17
mA 0 qa 2 q.3a. YB .2 a qa.3a 0 YB qa
q 780 kN / m ; a 1,8 m ; 18 kN / cm 2 2 4
a 1
mB 0 qa 2 YA .2 a q.3a. qa.a 0 YA qa
2 4

P qa 6b M qa 2 P qa
M qa 2 q q
z
z
A B C
A B C 12b
2a y
2a y
8b b 2qa
qa
Qy
qa / 4
9qa / 4

1,5qa 2
Mx
qa 2

6b

2
y
yci Fi
i 1 6b.8b.12b 6,5b.6b.11b 12b
yc 2
4,9b q P
8b.12b 6b.11b 4,9b
Fi x1
i 1
b h
8b A B C d
3 3
8b. 12b 2 6b. 11b 2 y
Jx 6b 4,9b .8b.12b 6,5b 4,9b .6b.11b 433, 7 b 4
12 12
y
P 40kN ; q 20kN / m; l 4m; a 1m
Mx max
1600daN / cm 2
ymax Mx 1,5qa 2 ; ymax 12b 4,9b 7,1b
max
Jx max
1000daN / cm 2
h 24cm; d 0,56cm; J x 3460cm 4 ;Wx 289cm3; S x 163cm3
1,5qa 2 1,5qa 2 .7,1 1,5.780.1,82.10 2.7,1
.7,1b b 3 3 7, 012cm
433, 7b 4 433, 7 433, 7.18

b 7,1cm
l
mA 0 q.l . YB .l P l a 0 YB 90kN Mx max 40.102
2
max
l Wx 289
mB 0 YA .l q.l. P.a 0 YA 30kN
2 13,84kN / cm2 1384daN / cm2 1600daN / cm2
q P

A B C

30kN 40kN
Qy .S xF / 2 50.163
Qy max

50kN
max
J x .b C 3460.0,56
40kN .m 4, 2062kN / cm2 420, 62 daN / cm 2 1000 daN / cm 2

Mx

22,5kN .m

Delfection of Beams
Relationship between bending moment and Curvature is zero at points where the bending
curvature for pure bending remains valid for moment is zero, i.e., at each end and at E.
general transverse loadings.
1 M ( z)
EI
1 M ( z)
EI
Maximum curvature occurs where the moment
magnitude is a maximum.
1
At the free end A, 0, A -6 kN.m
A M
An equation for the beam shape or elastic curve is
B z required to determine maximum deflection and slope.
A
E C D
1 EI 3 kN.m , góc xoay
At the support B, 0, B
B PL
)

From elementary calculus, simplified for beam

parameters, For a beam subjected to a distributed load,
2
d y dM d 2M dQ
1 2
d y Qy z qz
dz 2 z dz dz 2 dz
z 2 32 dz 2
dy
y(z) (z ) 1 y Equation for beam displacement becomes
dz
y z d 2M d4y
EI qz
1 M ( z) dz 2 dz 4
Substituting and integrating,
EI
Integrating four times yields
1 d2y
EI EI M z
dz 2 z EI y z dz dz dz q z dz
x
dy
EI ( z ) EI M z dz C1 y
1
6
C1 z 3 1
2
C2 z 2 C3 z C4
dz 0
x x
EI y ( z ) M z dz dz C1 z C2 Constants are determined from boundary conditions.
0 0
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION: Develop an expression for M(z) and derive
Develop an expression for M(z) and differential equation for elastic curve.
derive differential equation for elastic
curve.

Pa a
4 6
RA RB P 1
W 14 68 I 723in E 29 10 psi Integrate differential equation twice and L L
apply boundary conditions to obtain
P 50 kips L 15 ft a 4 ft elastic curve.

For portion AB of the overhanging beam, a

Locate point of zero slope or point of M P z 0 z L
(a) derive the equation for the elastic curve, maximum deflection. L
(b) determine the maximum deflection,
(c) evaluate ymax. Evaluate corresponding maximum
deflection.
d2y a
EI P z
dz 2 L

Integrate differential equation twice and apply Locate point of zero slope or point of
boundary conditions to obtain elastic curve. maximum deflection.
z dy 1 a 2 2
EI P z C1 dy PaL z L
dz 2 L 0 1 3 m zm 0.577 L
1 a 3 dz 6 EI L 3
EI y P z C1 z C2 z
6 L
y
d2y a at z 0, y 0 : C2 0
EI P z zm Evaluate corresponding maximum
dz 2 L 1 a 3 1 y deflection.
at z L, y 0: 0 P L C1 L C1 PaL
6 L 6
3 PaL2 3
Substituting, PaL2 x x ymax 0.577 0.577
y 6EI
dy 1 a 2 1 dy PaL z
2 6 EI L L
EI P z PaL 1 3
dz 2 L 6 dz 6 EI L 50 kips 48 in 180 in
2
ymax 0.385
1 a 3 1 6 29 10 6 psi 723 in 4
EI y P z PaLz
6 L 6 3
PaL2 z z
y
6 EI L L