90/100 DIAG EXAM

Question 1
Which of the following is correct criteria to be considered while designing?
Structure should be aesthetically pleasing but structurally unsafe
Structure should be cheap in cost even though it may be structurally unsafe
Structure should be structurally safe but less durable
Structure should be adequately safe, should have adequate
serviceability

Question 2
It is the maximum energy that the material can absorb per unit volume before it becomes
permanently deformed. It is the area under the stress-strain diagram up to the yield point.

Modulus of Elasticity

m
er as
co
eH w
Modulus of Resilience
Modulus of Rigidity

o.
Modulus of Toughness
rs e
ou urc
Question 3
Which of the following is a disadvantage of Steel?
o

High strength per unit mass

aC s

High durability
v i y re

Fire and corrosion

resistance
Reusable
ed d

Question 4
ar stu

Which of the following best describe block shear limit state?

failure of fasteners occurs along path involving tension on one plane and shear on
perpendicular plane along fasteners
sh is

failure of member occurs along path involving tension on one plane and shear on perpendicular
plane along fasteners
Th

failure of member occurs along path involving tension on one plane and shear on parallel plane
along fasteners
failure of fasteners occurs along path involving tension on one plane and shear on parallel
plane along fasteners

Question 5
Which of the following describe net section fracture?
rupture of member when the cross section reaches yield stress
rupture of member when the cross section reaches ultimate stress
rupture of member when the cross section reaches less value than yield stress

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rupture of member when the cross section is reaches very less value than ultimate
stress

Question 6
What is the tagalog term for timber floor joist?
suelo
reostra
suleras
barakilan

Question 7
What are purlins?
beams provided in foundation
beams provided above openings

m
beams provided over trusses to support

er as
roofing

co
beams provided on plinth level

eH w
Question 8

o.
In calculating weak-axis bending strength of beams, shape factor should be limited to this value to
rs e
prevent excessive working load deformation.
ou urc
1.2

1.4
o
aC s

1.6
v i y re

1.8

Question 9
ed d

In beam-column analysis, if the ratio of the ultimate compressive load to its design compressive
ar stu

strength is less than 20% then the member is considered more of a ______?
column member
sh is

tension member
Th

beam member

torsion member

Question 10
In beam-column analysis, if the ultimate compressive load of the member is 20% of its design
compressive strength, which of the following statements is true?

the member experiences larger axial compression

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the member experiences smaller axial compression
the member experiences axial compression only
the member experiences flexure only

Question 11
Which of the following is true about web crippling?
web crippling is buckling of flange caused by tensile force delivered through web
web crippling is buckling of web caused by tensile force delivered through flange
web crippling is buckling of flange caused by compressive force delivered through
web
web crippling is buckling of web caused by compressive force delivered through
flange

Question 12

m
This occurs when the compressive stress on a horizontal section through the web reaches the yield point

er as
co
web crippling

eH w
web buckling

o.
web yielding
rs e
ou urc
web failure
web fracture
o

Question 13
aC s

Determination of the thickness of a column base plate requires consideration of ______.

v i y re

shear

bearing
ed d
ar stu

tension

flexure
sh is

compression
Th

Question 14
What is the safety factor, ASD for column baseplate against bending stress limit state?
1.67

1.0

0.75

0.65

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0.9

Question 15
Based on Euler's Buckling Theory, the ends of the unsupported length of a compression member is
assumed to be ___?

both pinned

both fixed

fixed-pinned

fixed-free

Question 16
Which of the following end support conditions of a square compression member will give the highest
design capacity?

m
er as
both ends hinged with lateral support at mid-height on weaker

co
axis

eH w
both ends hinged

o.
both ends fixed
rs e
ou urc
fixed-hinged with lateral support at mid-height on weaker axis

Question 17
o

Two 12mm thick steel plates are to be welded by an E60xx electrode. Based from AISC
aC s

requirement, what is the maximum size of weld allowed?

v i y re

10.4 mm

11.6 mm
ed d

12 mm
ar stu

10 mm

Question 18
sh is

What is the tensile strength of an E60XX electrode?

Th

485 MPa
415 MPa

550 MPa
248 MPa

Question 19
Which of the following statements is correct on beams?
beams are termed as fixed beams when end condition do not carry end moments

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beams are termed as simply supported beams when ends are rigidly connected to other
members
beams are termed as fixed beams when ends are rigidly connected to other members
beams are termed as continuous beams when they do not extend across more than two
support

Question 20
Plastic moment of steel beams is defined as
Mp = Zp /fy
Mp = Zp + fy
Mp = Zpfy
Mp = Zp – fy

m
er as
co
eH w
o.
rs e
ou urc
o
aC s
v i y re
ed d
ar stu
sh is
Th

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Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
Required strength
<= available strength

4
3

Iy − Ixy 34 − -103
103 4
𝐱= x = = 49.5
−24.5
2 2
R = √x 2 + y 2

49.5 2 + (18)2
R = √(−24.5)
52.6711496
R = 30.40
-
Imin = Ix + x − R
- 49.5
Imin = 103 + - 52.6711496
(−24.5) − 30.40
6
𝐈𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟒𝟖. 𝟏𝟎 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟔 𝐦𝐦
0.8288504018 𝟒
x 10 mm4
✓

Imax = 106.1711496 x 10 mm
𝜋(96)4
x 2 = 8338440.354 mm4
64

2 2 3
𝑎
bh 172
(173)(173)
Ix = = = 72934421.33
74645420.08
12 12
A = a2 = 1722 = 29584

Ix 72934421.33
74645420.08
74645420.08
R= √ = √ d=33m ; P=100kN
A 29584
L = 213
R = 49.65212315
49.65 mm mm
−∆𝑑/𝑑 0.0127/44
33
μ= = = +0.3311
+∆𝐿/𝐿 0.238/273
213

= 0.3444232238 or 34.44%
208
24.2

276
251.8
199.49

17.5 𝐸 29000
𝐺= =
2(1 + µ) 2(1 + 0.298)
3
∑[Ix + Ad2 ]
G = 11,712.43942 ksi
G = 11171.03236
ATT= (208*24.2) + (251.8*17.5)

A T = 9440.1 bh3 x = 0; y = 3? 2
b h d 𝑡𝑓2
Ix = ( ) Iy = ( ); d= ( − )
12 12 2 2
= [Ay]w + [Ay]f
9440.1 y = [4406.5 (251.8/2)
3 + [5033.6(251.8 + (24.4/2))] 2
(208)(24.2) 276 (24.2)2
Ix = 2 ( 12
) + (208)(24.2) ( 2
− 2
)
y = 199.4836273
Ix = 24194369.3
19.5x106
227.6(17.5) 3 𝑆𝑦 = = 234939.759 mm3
166
Iy = ( ) = 101649.4792 ( 2 )
12

Ix + Iy = 24194369.3 + 101649.4792
I = 68,273,837.55 mm
Ix + Iy = 241896018.8 mm4

=
𝜋(72)4
1 x 2 = 2638334.643 mm4
64
32
9
.

𝜋(𝑑)4 5
64
x= 2J
32 x
J = 8,338,440.354 mm
1
0
29000
𝐺= 2(1+0.297)
=11,179.64534 ksi

176 IyIx−
- IyIx 66
110−- 110
66
𝐱= = = −22
19.3 2 2
285 265.7 R = √x 2 + y 2

R = √(−24.5)2 + (18)
14 2
19.7 22

R = 26.07680962
26.08
Imin = Ix + x − R
(176)(19.3)3 5234.29
3396.8 285
Ix
A ==[(176)(19.3)]
2 [( ) + (176)(19.3)
+ [(19.7)(265.7] = 8631.09(mm −
12 2 Imax = 110 + (−22) + 26.08
26.07680962
8631.09 y = [(3396.8)(265.7+(19.3/2)] + [5234.29(265.7/2)]
2
(19.3)2 (19.7)(246.4)3 𝟏𝟏𝟒. 𝟎𝟖 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟔x𝐦𝐦
𝐈𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 114.0768096 10 𝟒mm
2
) ] + y[= 188.9314451
12
+ (19.7)(246.4)(0)2 ]

= 72,729,364.29 mm
Ix = 144670754.7

U = 1.2D + 1.6Lr + 0.5W

U = 1.2(23) + 1.6(14.4) + 0.5(13.34)
U = 57.31

0.0186/34
μ= = +0.4128
0.277/209
= 0.4127627946
Iy 2.55x104
Ry = √ = √ = 90.55
A 3.11

L
(r) 4.6
Sr = = ( ) ∗ 12 = 1086.6
12 90.55

An = [(2079) − 2(20 + 4)(18.5)

502
+( (18.5))]
4(63.5)
⏀

Rn 741.888
= = 370.944 = 371 KN
Ω 2

⏀
Pn 801.45
= = 479.9011 = 480 KN
Ω 1.67

Pn 651.992
⏀ Ω
= 1.67
= 390.414 = 390 KN
KL (0.5)(18.5x12)
SRy = = = 68.52
Iy 1.62

29000
Cc = 4.71 √ = 133.68
36

(𝜋)2 (29000) (𝜋)2 (29000)

Fe = = = 60.97
SRy 2 68.522
36
Fcr = (0.658Fe ) (36) = 28.12

⏀Pn = (0.9)(Fcr)(6.44)

⏀Pn = 162.96

KL (0.5)(16.5x12)
SRy = = = 63.87
Iy 1.55
29000
Cc = 4.71 √ = 133.68
36

(𝜋)2 (29000) (𝜋)2 (29000)

e= = = 70.16
SRy 2 63.872
36
Fcr = (0.658Fe ) (36) = 29.04

Fy
135x103 = = 11947500
177/2

Iy
ry = √ = 41.01840448
7101

KL 1.0(4100)
SRy = =
ry 41.02

SRy = 114.58

200000
Cc = 4.71 √ = 116.7
326
Φ

𝑊𝐿2 𝑊(4200)2
Φ 8
→ 8
→

Δ𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 = Δ𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙
𝐿
(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝐷 + 𝐿)
240
𝑃𝐿3
= (𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑐 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎 3)
3𝐸𝐼
30 68
5900 (1.2 + 1.6)(1000)(5900)3
= →𝐼
240 (3)(200000)(𝐼)
= ____𝒎𝒎𝟒
×
×
𝐸
λ𝑝 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑤𝑒𝑏 = 3.76√𝐹
𝑦

𝐴𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
𝐴𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒 2
1
1 (116)(215)
2
→
2 2

𝑥 215
𝑦 116
→
𝐼𝑦
𝑟𝑦 = √𝐴
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
QUESTION 1
What is the net section area in cm^2 of steel plate 39cm wide and 14mm thick with one bolt if
diameter of bolt hole is 18mm?

QUESTION 2
An A992 (grade 50) W18x35 steel section is used for the tension member shown in the figure.
The bolts are 1 inch in diameter. The WF section is to be connected to a 0.55inch-thick-gusset
plate. Fu=65MPa. WF properties are A=10.3in^2, d=17.7in, tw=0.3in, bf=5.98in, tf=0.43mm.
Calculate the shear lag factor.
QUESTION 3
A Wide Flange section used as a bottom chord of a Warren truss is used as a tension member.
Calculate the actual maximum slenderness ratio of the member given the following properties:
L=3.1feet, A=2.9in^2, Ix=14,085in^4, Iy=2.127in^4. 2 decimal places.

QUESTION 4
A steel plate 300mm x 10mm thick is riveted by two rivets placed at a staggered position. The
net area of the steel plate computed is 2625 mm^2, when two rivets are spaced horizontally at a
distance of 58 mm and having a diameter of rivet hole of 25 mm, determine the vertical distance
between the two rivets in mm.
QUESTION 5
Calculate the design tensile strength in KN due to gross section yielding of an angle section
104x82x19mm of A36 grade of steel connected with a gusset plate.

QUESTION 6
An angle bar with equal legs with 15.8 mm thickness used as tension member is connected with
20-mm-diameter bolts. Both legs of the angles are connected. The pitch distance between two
staggered bolts center to center is 50mm and the distance of the bolts on both legs from the
corner of the angle is 63.5mm. Use A=2,079 mm^2, Fy=248 MPa and Fu=400 MPa. Determine
the critical effective net area of the angle in mm^2.
In the connection shown, A572 (Fy = 345MPA, Fu = 448MPa)
steel is used for the tension member, A36 (Fy=248MPA, Fu=400MPa)
steel is used for the gusset plate, and the holes are 22 mm in diameter.
Determine the design block shear strength of the gusset plate.

In the connection shown, A572 (Fy = 345MPA, Fu = 448MPa)

steel is used for the tension member, A36 (Fy=248MPA, Fu=400MPa)
steel is used for the gusset plate, and the holes are 22 mm in diameter.
Determine the design strength of the channel tension member based
on net section fracture using shear lag factor of 0.85.
 The maximum SR of main members in tension is 200
 For tension member, the product of nominal strength and resistance factor is maximum
design strength due to gross yielding, net section rupture, block shear
 Which of the following is not a tension limit state? Shear lag
 Which of the following defines slenderness ratio for tension members? Ratio of its
unsupported length to its least radius of gyration
 Which of the following factors does not affect strength of tension members? Length of
plate
 The value of shear lag factor for wide flange section sin tensions with bf/d>2/3? 0.9
 Which of the following describe net section fracture? Rupture of member when the
cross section reaches ultimate stress

 In gusset plate, which statement is false? Lines of action of truss members

meeting at a joint should not coincide
 Which of the following describe gross section yielding? Considerate deformation of
the member in longitudinal direction may take place before it fractures, making
the structure unserviceable
 What is the effect of staggered holes? Increases the tensile strength of member

 Which of the following steel elements is NOT a compression member? Girt
 An ASTM A36 wide flange column has a length of 18 feet and fixed ends. If rx=4.9
in, ry=0.85 in, A=6.48 in^2, E=29000 ksi. Determine the classification of the column.
Intermediate
 Which of the following end support conditions of a square compression member will
give the highest design capacity? Both ends fixed
 Steel columns with higher slenderness ratio is less prone to lateral buckling. False
 Unstiffened elements are elements of a section which are unsupported along one
edge parallel to the direction of the load
 A wide flange A992 steel column has a length of 4.6 meters and pinned ends. If
Sx=895x10^3 mm^3, Sy=129x10^3 mm^3, d=358mm, bf=172mm, A=7226 mm^2,
Fy=345MPa. Determine the classification of the column. Long
 Which of the following is not a compression member limit state? Rupture
 The theoretical value of k-factor for fixed free end supports expressed in % is 50
 The resistance factor for limit states involving yielding or compression buckling is
___%. 90
 Based on Euler's Buckling Theory, the ends of the unsupported length of a
compression member is assumed to be _? Both fixed
 From AISC specs, the slenderness ratio of compression members shall not
exceed____. 200
 Buckling is the sidewise bending or displacement accompanied by twisting about
minor or weaker axis usually at the compression section
 A grade 40 WF steel column with SR=130 will experience yielding rather than
buckling. False
QUESTION 10
An A50 WF steel column has a nominal compressive strength of 512.5 KN. If its live load is
twice its dead load, calculate the max. service deadload in KN it can resist. 2 decimal places
QUESTION 11
For a 175mm square compression member 2.1m in length, calculate the Euler’s buckling
stress in MPa. Express your answer in 2 decimal places.

QUESTION 12
Calculate the required gross area in mm^2 of the given column with critical buckling stress
of 173MPa to resists service deadload of 432KN and service liveload of 1240KN. Whole
number.
16140
QUESTION 13
A wide flange A60 steel column has a length of 6.1 meters and pinned ends. If
Sx=801x10^3 mm^3, d=358mm, bf=166mm, A=7190mm^2, Fy=414MPa. Calculate the
design compressive strength in KN of the column. One decimal place.

QUESTION 14
A wide flange A60 steel column has a length of 5.8meters and pinned ends. If Sx=857x10^3
mm^3, Sy=135x10^3 mm^3, d=358mm, bf=171mm, A=7243mm^2, Fy=414MPa. Calculate
the maximum slenderness ratio of the column. One decimal place
QUESTION 15
In determining the effective length factor k of column CE which is part of a sway frame as
shown below. Jackson-Mooreland Alignment Charts are then used by solving first the ratio
of column stiffnesses to girder stiffnesses at each end of the column, designated as G.
Calculate the ratio, G at joint C of column CE. All members are oriented so that bending is
about the strong axis. Girder BC: Ix=363x10^3 mm^4, Iy=12x10^3 mm^4; Girder CD:
Ix=529x10^3 mm^4, Iy=86x10^3 mm^4; Column AC: Ix=620x10^3 mm^4, Iy=43x10^3
mm^4; Column CE: Ix=479x10^3, Iy=54x10^3 mm^4. 3 decimal places

QUESTION 16
A WF section of A572 Grade 60 steel is used as a compression member. It is 8.3 meters
long, fixed at both ends, and has additional support in the weak direction at a point 3.4
meters from the top. The member resists a service dead load of 800 KN and a service
liveload of 1200 KN. WF properties: A=25,541mm^2, rx=135mm, ry=66mm. Calculate the
largest slenderness ratio of the column. 2 decimal places

QUESTION 17
An A36 WF steel column has a design compressive strength of 131.9kilo pounds. If
LL=1.9DL, calculate the maximum service liveload in kips it can resist. Express your answer
in 2 decimal places.

QUESTION 18
An ASTM A36 (Fy=36ksi) wide flange column has a length of 18.5feet and fixed ends. If
rx=4.7in, ry=1.73in, ry=1.73in, A=6.02in^2, E=29000 ksi, calculate the design compressive
strength in Kips of the column. Express your answer in one decimal place.
QUESTION 19
An ASTM A36 (Fy=36ksi) wide flange column has a length of 17.5feet and fixed ends. If
rx=4.9in, ry=1.36in, A=6.07in^2, E=29000 ksi, calculate the maximum slenderness ratio of
the column.

QUESTION 20
A wide flange A60 steel column has a length of 6.4meters and pinned ends. If Sx=899x10^3
mm^3, Sy=121x10^3 mm^3, d=358mm, bf=170mm, A=7282mm^2, Fy=414MPa, calculate
the allowable compressive strength in KN of the column.
QUESTION 1
An 8.5m WF simple floor beam is laterally supported at the ends and at third points. The beam
carries a concentrated service live load “P” at the midspan. The properties of WF section are A=
8751 mm2, ho=382 mm, Sx=1,183x10^3 mm3, Iy=14x10^6 mm4, c=1.0, J=440.572 mm4,
Fy=341 MPa. Neglecting beam self-weight, calculate the maximum limiting length of the beam
in METERS at which the beam is considered laterally supported. Express your answer in 3
decimal places.
QUESTION 2
A 9m WF simple floor beam is laterally supported at the ends at quarter points. The beam
carries a concentrated service live load “O” at the midspan. The properties of WF section are
A=8544mm^2, ho=380mm, Sx=1163x10^3mm^3, Iy=13.6x10^6mm^4, c=1.0, J=440959mm^4,
Fy=391MPa. Neglecting beam self-weight, calculate the limiting length of the beam in
MILLIMETERS over which there is elastic lateral-torsional buckling occurring. (3dp).
QUESTION 3
A flexural member with an isosceles triangular cross section has a base of 116mm and height of
215mm. Calculate the distance of the plastic neutral axis from the base of the section in
millimeters? Express your answer in 3 decimal places.
QUESTION 4
A 7.8m WF simple floor beam is laterally supported at the ends. The beam carries a uniform
service live load “w” at its span. The properties of WF section are A=8,509mm2, ho=394mm,
Sx=1,149x10^3 mm3, Iy=12.4x10^6 mm4, c=1.0, J=440,677 mm4, Fy=406 MPa. Neglecting
beam self-weight, calculate the upper limit on width to thickness ratio for compact web category.
Express your answer in 3 decimal places.
QUESTION 5
A 4.2m simple beam carries a uniform ultimate load Wu. The beam is compact with lateral
supports only at end points. The properties of the section are: rx=105.16mm, ry=22.2mm,
Sx=308000mm^3, Sy=35000mm^3, Zx=354000mm^3, Zy=55000mm^3, Lp=1110mm,
Lr=8500mm, Cb=1.14 and Fy=248MPa. Calculate the ultimate load capacity Wu of the beam in
KN/m. Express your answer in 3 decimal places.

𝑊𝐿2 𝑊(4200)2
ΦMn = 8
 0.9(83,721,999.33) = 8
 Wu = 34.172 KN/m

QUESTION 6
A flexural member is fabricated from two flange plates 200 mm x 16 mm thick and a web plate
337 mm x 16 mm thick and is bent about its strong axis Fy=248MPa. Calculate the design
strength of the section, in kN.m, if the beam is laterally supported on its full span. Express your
answer in 2 decimal places.
QUESTION 7
A 10m simple beam carries a uniform ultimate load Wu. The beam is compact with lateral
supports only at end points. The properties of the section are rts=26mm, ho=265mm, c=1.0,
J=90,913 mm4, Zx=355x10^3 mm3, Shape Factor SF=1.15, Lp=1,961 mm, Lr=8,585 mm,
Cb=1.17, and Fy=248 MPa. Calculate the design strength of the beam in kN-m. Express your
answer in 3 decimal places.

QUESTION 8
An A36 WF cantilever floor beam with span of 2.6m carries a factored deadload of 30KN and a
factored liveload of 52KN at free end. Calculate the required moment of inertia in mm^4 of the
beam against deflection requirement. Round off your answer in whole number.
QUESTION 9
A floor system is supported by WF A36 steel beams 8.2m long and spaced 3.7m on centers.
The beams are simply supported at their ends and are laterally supported over their entire span.
Assume compact section and neglect beam self-weight. The properties of the beam section are:
d=501mm, tw=41mm, bf=302mm, tf=59mm, k=75mm, shape factor SF=1.20, Sx=8,442x10^3
mm3. Use allowable deflection (1/360) of the beam span. Calculate the ULTIMATE floor load in
KPa that the beam can carry against SHEAR. Express your answer in 2 decimal places.

QUESTION 10
A floor system is supported by WF A36 steel beams 7.3m long and spaced 3.6m on centers.
The beams are simply supported at their ends and are laterally supported over their entire span.
Assume compact section and neglect beam self-weight. The properties of the beam section are:
d=571mm, tw=42mm, bf=314mm, tf=56mm, k=77mm, shape factor SF=1.20, Sx=8,476x10^3
mm3. Use allowable deflection (1/360) of the beam span. Calculate the floor load in KPa that
the beam can carry against DEFLECTION. Express your answer in 2 decimal places.
QUESTION 11
A floor system is supported by WF A36 steel beams 8.4m long and spaced 3.4m on centers.
The beams are simply supported at their ends and are laterally supported over their entire span.
Assume compact section and neglect beam self-weight. The properties of the beam section are:
d=597 mm, tw=33mm, bf=349mm, tf=56mm, k=70mm, shape factor SF=1.20, Sx=8,460x10^3
mm3. Use allowable deflection (1/360) of the beam span. Calculate the ULTIMATE floor load in
KPa that the beam can carry against FLEXURE. Express your answer in 2 decimal places.

QUESTION 12
A floor system is supported by WF A36 steel beams 7.1m long and spaced 3.9m on centers.
The beams are simply supported at their ends and are laterally supported over their entire span.
Assume compact section and neglect beam self-weight. The properties of the beam section are:
d=588m, tw=35mm, bf=300mm, tf=54mm, k=73mm, shape factor SF=1.20, Sx=8,492x103mm3.
Use allowable deflection (1/360) of beam span. Calculate the SERVICE floor load in KPa that
the beam can carry against FLEXURE. Express your answer in 2 decimal places.
QUESTION 13
A 5.1m propped cantilever beam carries a total service load of “w”KN/m. The WF beam has the
following properties: d=438.2mm, tw=8.6mm, bf=178mm, tf=14.4mm, k=31.8, Fy=250MPa.
Calculate the maximum “w” in KN/m that the beam can carry against shear requirement? 2
decimal places.

 From the given graph below on nominal shear strength of steel beams, the limit state
that is described in the encircled red region is web _____. inelastic buckling

 Which of the following does not affect the shape factor of steel sections? Grade of steel

 Which of the following gives the shape factor of a channel beam section about its minor
axis? 1.8

 Which of the following gives the shape factor of a circular beam section? 1.7

 A wide flange section has shear stress diagram that varies parabolically with depth

 Compact section will ensure that compression flange of steel beam is restrained from
moving laterally. True
 Generally, the mode/s of failure of Wide-Flange beam is/are by yielding of tension
flange and buckling of compression flange

 Which of the following statements is not true about intermediate web stiffeners? they
reduce shear capacity of web

 In beam design, sections are proportioned as such that _____ to achieve economy.
moment of inertia about principal axis normal to the web is considerable larger
than moment of inertia about principal axis parallel to the web

 Which of the following gives the shape factor of a rectangular beam section? 1.5

 The value of the moment gradient multiplier, Cb for a simple beam of 4m span with
concentrated loads of 10KN each at quarter points is ___. Express your answer in 3
decimal places. 1.136

Solution:
 Which of the following gives the shape factor of a wide flange beam section about its
major axis? 1.14

 Local web buckling can occur on plate girders due to diagonal compression
 Which of the following statements is not true about section compactness? slender
sections are preferred in hot rolled structural steelwork

 Which of the following statements is true about beam sections? in case of hot rolled
section, high thickness of plate is adopted to prevent local buckling

 Shear requirement on beam design will usually not prevail on which condition? beam is
simply supported

 St. Venant’s constant commonly known as torsional constant is given by ∑biti3/3

 In preventing web buckling on WF beam, which of the following is true? reducing depth-
to-thickness ratio

 A flexural member is fabricated from two flange plates 200 mm x 12 mm thick and a web
plate 400 mm x 10 mm thick and is bent about its strong axis. F y=414 MPa. Which of the
following is true regarding its compactness? flange is compact and web is compact

 Which of the following greatly affects the nominal shear strength of I-shaped beam? area
of web

 Unsupported steel beams will have a nominal flexural strength governed by lateral
torsional buckling

 Fully supported steel beams will have a nominal flexural strength governed by yield
stress

 It is a flexural member that usually carries loads coming from walls over an opening of a
window or door. Lintels

 What is lateral torsional buckling? buckling of beam loaded in plane of its strong axis
and buckling about its weaker axis accompanied by twisting
 Plastic moment of steel beams is defined as Mp=ZpFy

 If the moment within the unbraced length of the beam is uniform or constant, the lateral-
torsional buckling modification factor is always equal to 1. True

 Deflection is a strength limit state, so deflections should always be computed with

service loads. False

 Shape factor is SF = Zp/Ze

 A built-up tee-shape beam secction consists of 2 steel plates, 7⁄8-in. × 10-in. flange and a
1-in. × 12-in. web. The yield stress Fy is 50 ksi. Calculate the yield moment in Kip-ft.
Express your answer in 2 decimal places.

Solution:
My = FySx = (50 ksi)(____ in^3) = _____ kip-in x 0.083333 = ____ kip-ft
169.3811854
 Unsupported steel beams will have a nominal flexural strength governed by yield stress
 Determination of the thickness of a column base plate requires consideration of
______. Flexure

 Determination of the width of a beam bearing plate requires consideration of

______. Bearing

 Which of the following causes web buckling in plate girder? Diagonal

compression

 Which of the following is true about web crippling? web crippling is buckling of
web caused by compressive force delivered through flange

 occurs when the compressive stress on a horizontal section through the web
reaches the yield point. Web yielding

 A 25mm thick A36 rectangular steel base plate B=539mm x N=685mm rests on a

m
778mm square concrete pedestal with fc’ = 21MPa. The base plate carries an

er as
A50 W14x53 steel column with d=354mm and bf=205mm . Fy of A50 steel is

co
345 MPa. Calculate the design strength in KN based on concrete bearing.

eH w
Express your answer in 2 decimal places.

o.
Solution: rs e
ou urc
685/539 = 778/z ; z = 612.1781022
778 z
0.65(0.85x21x539x685)(
539 ( 685 )√ ) = ____/1000
o
aC s

 Calculate the design strength of 15mm thick column base plate based on bearing
v i y re

if the base plate has the same area of the pedestal. The pedestal is made of
27MPa concrete, 235mm in diameter. Express your answer in KN in 3 decimal
places. 647.026 KN
ed d

Solution:
ar stu

full area  0.65(0.85x27x π (235/2)2 = ____/1000

 A W12x26 (tf = 9.65 mm, tw = 5.6 mm and d = 300 mm) beam rests on a
sh is

concrete wall with fc’=21MPa. The beam is A36 steel with Fy = 248 MPa.
Calculate the required length of an A36 bearing plate in millimeters if its nominal
Th

strength against web crippling is 230KN. Express your answer in 2 decimal

places.

Solution:
Use Case 2 of Web Crippling and solve for lb

 A simply supported beam having a web thickness of 19mm carries a

concentrated load at the mid span . The base plate placed directly under the load
is used to prevent web yielding and has a length of 457mm. Compute the

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ultimate concentrated load in KN that the beam section could carry to prevent
web yielding if the distance measured from the outer flange face to the top of the
fillet toe is 32mm. Use A36 steel with Fy=248Mpa. Express your answer in 1
decimal place.

Solution:
phi(Rn) = phi(Fy)(tw)(5k + lb) = (1.0)(248)(19)(5(32)+457)/1000 = ____

 An A36 (Fy=248MPa) WF beam is supported at its end supports by an A53

(Fy=241MPa) bearing plate with length lb=377mm, width B=252mm and
thickness t=31mm on a concrete wall on full area. The properties of the beam
section are as follows: d=253.49mm, tw=8.64mm, bf=254mm, tf=14.22mm,
k=38.05mm, Sx=895x103 mm3. Concrete fc’ = 22.8MPa. Calculate the
ULTIMATE end beam reaction in KN considering that the design bending
strength on steel bearing plate will not be exceeded. Express your answer in 2
decimal places. Hint: Use the derived thickness formula, t2=(2.22Ru n2)/(B lb

m
er as
Fy).

co
eH w
Solution:
Direct substitution to the formula given

o.
 rs e
A 17mm thick A50 circular steel base plate 559mm diameter rests on a
ou urc
rectangular concrete pedestal 685x750mm with fc’ = 21MPa. The base plate
carries an A36 W14x53 steel column with d=354mm and bf=205mm . Fy of A50
steel is 345 MPa. Calculate the design strength in KN based on concrete
o

bearing. Express your answer in 2 decimal places.

aC s
v i y re

Solution:
A1 = π (559/2)2
A2 = π (685/2)2
ed d

A2
phi(Pp) = 0.65(0.85x21xA1)(
√ ) = ____/1000
ar stu

A1
sh is
Th

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 An A36 (Fy = 248MPa) WF beam is supported at its end supports by an A53
(Fy=241MPa) bearing plate with length lb=385mm, width B=268mm and
thickness t=30mm on a concrete wall on full area. The properties of the beam
section are as follows: d=253.49mm, tw=8.64mm, bf=254mm, tf=14.2mm,
k=37.83mm, Sx=895x10^3 mm^3, Concrete fc’ = 23.7MPa. Calculate the
ULITMATE end beam reaction in KN considering that the design bearing strength
on concrete wall will not exceeded. Express your answer in 2 decimal places.

 What is the safety factor, ASD for beam bearing plate against web crippling

m
limit state? 2.0

er as
 Which of the following causes web buckling in plate girder? Diagonal

co
compression

eH w
 What is the resistance factor, LRFD for beam bearing plate against web

o.
yielding limit state? 1.0
rs e
What is web crippling? Web near portion of stress concentration tends to
ou urc

fold over flange
 What is the resistance factor used in the derivation of thickness formula of
bearing plates expressed in percentage? 90
o

What is the safety factor, ASD for column baseplate against bending stress
aC s


v i y re

limit state? 1.67

 Determination of the thickness of a column base plate requires consideration
of flexure
 What is the resistance factor for bending stress limit state on steel column
ed d

base plate? Express your answer in %. 90

ar stu

 What is the safety factor, ASD for column baseplate against bearing stress
limit state? 2.31
 A 18mm thick A50 circular steel base plate 599mm diameter rests on a
sh is

rectangular concrete pedestal 672x750mm with fc’= 21MPa. The base plate
carries an A36 W14x53 steel column with d=354mm and bf=205mm. Fy of
Th

A50 steel is 345 MPa. Calculate the nominal strength in KN based on

concrete bearing.

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 A 25mm thick A50 circular steel base plate 605mm diameter rests on a
rectangular concrete pedestal 690x750mm with fc’=21MPa. The base
plate carries an A36 W14x53 steel column with d=354mm and bf=205mm.
Fy of A50 steel is 345 MPa. Calculate the design strength in KN based on
steel plate bending.

m
er as
co
eH w
A 25mm thick A36 rectangular steel base plate B=500mm x N=635mm

o.


rs e
rests on a 725mm square concrete pedestal with fc’=21MPa. The base
ou urc
plate carries an A50 W14x53 steel column with d=354mm and bf=205mm.
Fy of A50 steel is 345 MPa. Calculate the design strength in KN based on
concrete bearing.
o
aC s
v i y re
ed d
ar stu
sh is
Th

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 An A36 rectangular steel base plate B=265mm x N=432mm rests on a
785mm square concrete pedestal with fc’ = 21MPa. The base plate carries
an A50 WF steel column with d=354mm and bf=205mm. The column
service loads are DL=252KN and LL=447KN. Fy of A36 and A50 steel are
248MPa and 345MPa respectively. Calculate the required thickness in mm
using ASD based on plate bending.

m
er as
co
eH w
o.
rs e
ou urc
 Calculate the most economical length, N in mm of column base plate if
B=370mm to support a WF column with d=354.2mm and bf=310.1mm.
Give exact dimension and round off your answer in 2 decimal places.
o
aC s
v i y re
ed d
ar stu
sh is
Th

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 A 38mm thick A50 circular steel base plate 614mm diameter rests on a
rectangular concrete pedestal 677x750mm with fc’=21MPa. The base
plate carries an A36 W14x53 steel column with d=354mm and bf=205mm.
Fy of A50 steel is 345 MPa. Calculate the design strength in KN based on
concrete bearing.

m
er as
co
eH w
 Design the required thickness of an A36 550mm square column base

o.
plate to resist a factored load of 1160KN. The column is W12x96 with
rs e
d=323mm and bf=309mm. Express your answer in multiples of 5mm.
ou urc
o
aC s
v i y re
ed d
ar stu
sh is
Th

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 A W12x26 (tf = 9.65mm, tw = 5.6 mm and d = 300 mm) beam rests on a
concrete wall with fc’=21MPa. The beam is A36 steel with Fy = 248 MPa.
Calculate the required length of an A36 bearing plate in millimeters if its
nominal strength against web crippling is 230KN.

m
er as
co
eH w
o.
 rs e
An A36 (Fy=248MPa) WF beam is supported at its end supports by an
ou urc
A53 (Fy=241MPa) bearing plate with length lb=326mm, width B=280mm
and thickness t=28mm on a concrete wall on full area. The properties of
the beam section are as follows: d=253.49mm, tw=8.64mm, bf=254mm,
o

tf=14.22mm, k=37.95mm, Sx=895x10^3 mm^3. Concrete fc’ = 21.1MPa.

aC s

Calculate the ULTIMATE end beam reaction in KN considering that the

v i y re

design bearing strength on concrete wall will not exceeded.

ed d
ar stu
sh is
Th

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 An A36 (Fy=248MPa) WF beam is supported at its end supports by an
A53 (Fy=241MPa) bearing plate with length lb=338mm, width B=232mm
and thickness t=49mm on a concrete wall on full area. The properties of
the beam section are as follows: d=253.49mm, tw=8.64mm, bf=254mm,
tf=14.22mm, k=37.79mm, Sx=895x10^3 mm^3. Concrete fc’=26.9MPa.
Calculate the ULTIMATE end beam reaction in KN considering that the
design bending strength on steel bearing plate will not be exceeded.

m
er as
co
 A simply supported beam having a web thickness of 19mm carries a

eH w
concentrated load at the mid span. The base plate placed directly under

o.
the load is used to prevent web yielding and has a length of 483mm.
rs e
Compute the ultimate concentrated load in KN that the beam section could
ou urc
carry to prevent web yielding if the distance measured from the outer
flange face to the top of the fillet toe is 31mm. Use A36 steel with
Fy=248Mpa.
o
aC s
v i y re
ed d
ar stu

 This occurs when the compressive stress on a horizontal section through

sh is

the web reaches the yield point. Web yielding

Th

 What is the resistance factor for bearing stress limit state on pedestal of
column base plate? Express your answer in %.65

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1. A simple steel connection uses one piece 22mm diameter bolt with Fv =165MPa.
The tension member is 18mm thick A36 steel (Fy=248MPa, Fu=400MPa) and the
gusset plate is 19mm thick A572 steel (Fy= 290MPa, Fu=415Mpa). The clear
distance of the edge of the bolt hole to the edges of both tension and gusset plate
is 97mm. Determine the design strength/nominal strength of the connection
considering hole deformation as mode of failure. Express your answer in KN in 2
decimal places.

Solution: if nominal 2.4 Fu d t (hole deformation), 1.2 Fu lc t (shear tear-out)

lc = le – dhole/2
if design ∅ = 0.75
Answer divided by 1000

2. Two 10mm thick steel plates are to be welded by an E60xx electrode. Based from
AISC requirement, what is the minimum size of weld allowed? 5 mm

3. As per code provision, the center to center spacing between bolts is preferably
___. 3* bolt diameter

4. The allowable shearing strength of weld metal is taken as ___ of Fexx. 60%

5. Two 12mm thick steel plates are to be welded by an E60xx electrode. Based from
AISC requirement, what is the maximum size of weld allowed? 10 mm

6. ___ is a type of fastener installed by heating to a light cherry-red color, inserting it

into a hole and then applying pressure to the preformed head while at the same
time squeezing the plain end to form a rounded head. Rivet

7. On a fillet weld, the normal distance from the root to the theoretical face of the
weld is called the __ of the weld. Throat

8. Fillet welds are weaker in shear than in tension and compression. True

9. (True or False). Connecting unusual members such as pipes is easier by welding

than by bolting. True

10. The effective area of fillet welds shall be taken as the effective length times the
effective throat thickness. True
11. The effective area of fillet welds shall be taken as the effective length times the
effective size of the weld. False

12. What is the tensile strength of an E60XX electrode? 415 Mpa

13. A simple steel connection uses 6-16 mm diameter bolts with Fv = 203MPa. The
tension member is A36 steel (Fy = 248 MPa, Fu = 400 MPa) and the gusset plate
is A572 steel (Fy = 290 MPa, Fu = 415 Mpa). Determine the design strength of
the connection considering shear on bolts as mode of failure. Express your
answer in KN in 2 decimal places.
Solution:
Number of bolts * Fv * π*(dbolt)^2/4

14. A 150mm x 7.8mm steel plate is to be used as a tension member as shown. The
steel is A36 with Fy=248MPa and Fu=400MPa. The plate is bolted using 6-20mm
diameter bolts with nominal shear stress, Fnv of 375MPa. If the ratio of its liveload
to deadload is 2.40, calculate the maximum service liveload in KN that the
connection can carry considering a.) bearing alone, b.) bolt shear alone?

Solution:

a.) Shear Tear-out edge = 1.2 (400) (40-(20+2)/2) (7.8) = 108.576

Shear Tear-out middle = 1.2 (400) (60-(20+2)) (7.8) = 142.272

Shear Tear-out third = 1.2 (400) (80-(20+2)) (7.8) = 217.152

Hole Deformation = 2.4 (400) (20) (7.8) = 149.760

Rn = 2(108.576) + 2(142.272) + 2(149.760) = 801.216

0.75 Rn = 1.2DL + 1.6(2.4DL) → Ans = (DL + LL)/1000

b.) 0.75*Fnv*π*(dbolt)^2/4*Number of bolts = 1.2DL + 1.6(2.4DL) → Ans = (DL +

LL)/1000

15. An angular steel section is connected to a gusset plate using 3 lengths of welds
AB, CD and DE. The fillet weld is 5mm in size using electrode E60xx with tensile
strength of 415MPa. If the length of weld CD (i.e. c=58mm) is changed to 58mm
and length of welds AB and DE are 276mm and 193mm respectively, calculate
the eccentricity in millimeters of the applied load Pu shown. Express your answer
in 2 decimal places. Note: Length of welds are not drawn into scale.

𝐿𝐶𝐷
Solution: 𝐿𝑇 𝑦 = 𝐿𝐴𝐵 (100) + 𝐿𝐶𝐷 ( ) → ⅇ = 𝑦 − 29
2
/;oc
16. An angular steel section is connected to a gusset plate using 3 lengths of welds
AB, CD and DE. The fillet weld is 5mm in size using electrode E60xx with tensile
strength of 415MPa. If the length of weld CD (i.e. c=58mm) is changed to 58mm
and length of welds AB and DE are 276mm and 193mm respectively, calculate
the design strength in Newtons per millimeter length of weld. Express your answer
in 2 decimal places. Note: Length of welds are not drawn into scale.
Solution:
0.75 * 0.707 * weld size * 0.6* 415

17. An angular steel section is connected to a gusset plate using 3 lengths of welds AB,
CD and DE. The fillet weld is 5mm in size using electrode E60xx with tensile strength
of 415MPa. If the length of weld CD (i.e. c=58mm) is changed to 43mm and length of
welds AB and DE are 259mm and 155mm respectively, calculate the magnitude of
shear force a.) due to direct load alone, b.) due to moment alone, c.) due to
eccentric load in Newtons per millimeter length of weld. Express your answer in 2
decimal places.
Solution:
a.) Pu/Lt = 185/(43+259+155)
𝐿2
b.) T = Pu*e=185(ybar-29) , J = 𝛴[𝐿(12 + 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 )]
𝑇𝑦 𝑇𝑥
𝑅𝑇𝑥 = , 𝑅𝑇𝑦 =
𝐽 𝐽

Pu = √(𝑅𝑇𝑥 )2 + (𝑅𝑇𝑦 )2
c.) Pu = √(𝛴𝑅𝑥 )2 + (𝛴𝑅𝑦 )2 (components from both direct and moment)

18. From the given connection below, P=89KN, x=210mm, y=147mm and z=98mm,
calculate the maximum shear force on welds a.) due to direct load alone, b.)
due to moment alone, c.) due to eccentric load in N/1mm length? Express
your answer in 2 decimal places.
Solution:
a.) Pu/Lt = 89000/2(210)
210^2 98
b.) T = Pu (e) = 89000*(210/2+147), J = 2(210( + (0)2 + ( 2 )2 ))
12
𝑇(210/2 2 𝑇(98/2) 2
Pu = √( ) +( )
𝐽 𝐽

𝑇(210/2) 89000 𝑇(98/2) 2

c.) Pu = √( + 2(210))2 + ( )
𝐽 𝐽

19. From the given figure below, if the given P=106KN, e=273mm, a=139mm and
b=111mm, calculate the maximum shear force on bolts a.) due to direct load
alone, b.) due to moment alone c.) due to eccentric load in KN? Express
your answer in 2 decimal places.
Solution:
a.) Pu/N = 106/4
139 111 2
b.) T = Pu (e) = 106000 (273), J = 4(( 2 )2 +( ) )
2
𝑇(139/2) 2 𝑇(111/2) 2
Pu = √( ) +( ) = Ans/1000
𝐽 𝐽

𝑇(139/2) 106000 2 𝑇(111/2) 2

c.) Pu = √( + ) +( ) = Ans/1000
𝐽 4 𝐽
• Determination of the thickness of a column base plate requires consideration of ______.
Flexure

• Determination of the width of a beam bearing plate requires consideration of ______. Bearing

• Which of the following causes web buckling in plate girder? Diagonal compression

• Which of the following is true about web crippling? web crippling is buckling of web caused
by compressive force delivered through flange

• occurs when the compressive stress on a horizontal section through the web reaches the yield
point. Web yielding

• A 25mm thick A36 rectangular steel base plate B=539mm x N=685mm rests on a 778mm
square concrete pedestal with fc’ = 21MPa. The base plate carries an A50 W14x53 steel
column with d=354mm and bf=205mm . Fy of A50 steel is 345 MPa. Calculate the design
strength in KN based on concrete bearing. Express your answer in 2 decimal places.

Solution:
685/539 = 778/z ; z = 612.1781022
778𝑧
0.65(0.85x21x539x685)(√539(685) ) = ____/1000

• Calculate the design strength of 15mm thick column base plate based on bearing if the base
plate has the same area of the pedestal. The pedestal is made of 27MPa concrete, 235mm in
diameter. Express your answer in KN in 3 decimal places.

Solution:
full area → 0.65(0.85x27x𝜋(235/2)2 = ____/1000

• A W12x26 (tf = 9.65 mm, tw = 5.6 mm and d = 300 mm) beam rests on a concrete wall with
fc’=21MPa. The beam is A36 steel with Fy = 248 MPa. Calculate the required length of an A36
bearing plate in millimeters if its nominal strength against web crippling is 230KN. Express your
answer in 2 decimal places.

Solution:
Use Case 2 of Web Crippling and solve for lb
𝑙
Check if 𝑑𝑏 ≤ 0.2. If not, use 2nd formula for case 2

4𝑙𝑏 5.6 1.5 200000 × 248 × 9.65

230 × 103 = 0.40(5.6)2 (1 + ( − 0.2) ( ) )√
300 9.65 5.6
𝒍𝒃 = 𝟏𝟖𝟏. 𝟖𝟐 𝒎𝒎

• A simply supported beam having a web thickness of 19mm carries a concentrated load at the
mid span . The base plate placed directly under the load is used to prevent web yielding and
has a length of 457mm. Compute the ultimate concentrated load in KN that the beam section
could carry to prevent web yielding if the distance measured from the outer flange face to the
top of the fillet toe is 32mm. Use A36 steel with Fy=248Mpa. Express your answer in 1 decimal
place.
Solution:
phi(Rn) = phi(Fy)(tw)(5k + lb) = (1.0)(248)(19)(5(32)+457)/1000 = ____

• An A36 (Fy=248MPa) WF beam is supported at its end supports by an A53 (Fy=241MPa)

bearing plate with length lb=377mm, width B=252mm and thickness t=31mm on a concrete
wall on full area. The properties of the beam section are as follows: d=253.49mm, tw=8.64mm,
bf=254mm, tf=14.22mm, k=38.05mm, Sx=895x103 mm3. Concrete fc’ = 22.8MPa. Calculate
the ULTIMATE end beam reaction in KN considering that the design bending strength on steel
bearing plate will not be exceeded. Express your answer in 2 decimal places. Hint: Use the
derived thickness formula, t2=(2.22Ru n2)/(B lb Fy).

Solution:
Direct substitution to the formula given

• A 17mm thick A50 circular steel base plate 559mm diameter rests on a rectangular concrete
pedestal 685x750mm with fc’ = 21MPa. The base plate carries an A36 W14x53 steel column
with d=354mm and bf=205mm . Fy of A50 steel is 345 MPa. Calculate the design strength in
KN based on concrete bearing. Express your answer in 2 decimal places.

Solution:
A1 = 𝜋(559/2)2
A2 = 𝜋(685/2)2
𝐴2
phi(Pp) = 0.65(0.85x21xA1)(√𝐴1 ) = ____/1000

•
• Determination of the thickness of a column base plate requires consideration of ______.
Flexure

• Determination of the width of a beam bearing plate requires consideration of ______. Bearing

• Which of the following causes web buckling in plate girder? Diagonal compression

• Which of the following is true about web crippling? web crippling is buckling of web caused
by compressive force delivered through flange

• occurs when the compressive stress on a horizontal section through the web reaches the yield
point. Web yielding

• A 25mm thick A36 rectangular steel base plate B=539mm x N=685mm rests on a 778mm
square concrete pedestal with fc’ = 21MPa. The base plate carries an A50 W14x53 steel
column with d=354mm and bf=205mm . Fy of A50 steel is 345 MPa. Calculate the design
strength in KN based on concrete bearing. Express your answer in 2 decimal places.

Solution:
685/539 = 778/z ; z = 612.1781022
778𝑧
0.65(0.85x21x539x685)(√539(685) ) = ____/1000

• Calculate the design strength of 15mm thick column base plate based on bearing if the base
plate has the same area of the pedestal. The pedestal is made of 27MPa concrete, 235mm in
diameter. Express your answer in KN in 3 decimal places.

Solution:
full area → 0.65(0.85x27x𝜋(235/2)2 = ____/1000

• A W12x26 (tf = 9.65 mm, tw = 5.6 mm and d = 300 mm) beam rests on a concrete wall with
fc’=21MPa. The beam is A36 steel with Fy = 248 MPa. Calculate the required length of an A36
bearing plate in millimeters if its nominal strength against web crippling is 230KN. Express your
answer in 2 decimal places.

Solution:
Use Case 2 of Web Crippling and solve for lb
𝑙
Check if 𝑑𝑏 ≤ 0.2. If not, use 2nd formula for case 2

4𝑙𝑏 5.6 1.5 200000 × 248 × 9.65

230 × 103 = 0.40(5.6)2 (1 + ( − 0.2) ( ) )√
300 9.65 5.6
𝒍𝒃 = 𝟏𝟖𝟏. 𝟖𝟐 𝒎𝒎

• A simply supported beam having a web thickness of 19mm carries a concentrated load at the
mid span . The base plate placed directly under the load is used to prevent web yielding and
has a length of 457mm. Compute the ultimate concentrated load in KN that the beam section
could carry to prevent web yielding if the distance measured from the outer flange face to the
top of the fillet toe is 32mm. Use A36 steel with Fy=248Mpa. Express your answer in 1 decimal
place.
Solution:
phi(Rn) = phi(Fy)(tw)(5k + lb) = (1.0)(248)(19)(5(32)+457)/1000 = ____

• An A36 (Fy=248MPa) WF beam is supported at its end supports by an A53 (Fy=241MPa)

bearing plate with length lb=377mm, width B=252mm and thickness t=31mm on a concrete
wall on full area. The properties of the beam section are as follows: d=253.49mm, tw=8.64mm,
bf=254mm, tf=14.22mm, k=38.05mm, Sx=895x103 mm3. Concrete fc’ = 22.8MPa. Calculate
the ULTIMATE end beam reaction in KN considering that the design bending strength on steel
bearing plate will not be exceeded. Express your answer in 2 decimal places. Hint: Use the
derived thickness formula, t2=(2.22Ru n2)/(B lb Fy).

Solution:
Direct substitution to the formula given

• A 17mm thick A50 circular steel base plate 559mm diameter rests on a rectangular concrete
pedestal 685x750mm with fc’ = 21MPa. The base plate carries an A36 W14x53 steel column
with d=354mm and bf=205mm . Fy of A50 steel is 345 MPa. Calculate the design strength in
KN based on concrete bearing. Express your answer in 2 decimal places.

Solution:
A1 = 𝜋(559/2)2
A2 = 𝜋(685/2)2
𝐴2
phi(Pp) = 0.65(0.85x21xA1)(√𝐴1 ) = ____/1000

•
• From the given graph below on nominal shear strength of steel beams, the limit state
that is described in the encircled red region is web _____. inelastic buckling

• Which of the following does not affect the shape factor of steel sections? Grade of steel

• Which of the following gives the shape factor of a channel beam section about its minor
axis? 1.8

• Which of the following gives the shape factor of a circular beam section? 1.7

• A wide flange section has shear stress diagram that varies parabolically with depth

• Compact section will ensure that compression flange of steel beam is restrained from
moving laterally. True

• Generally, the mode/s of failure of Wide-Flange beam is/are by yielding of tension

flange and buckling of compression flange

• Which of the following statements is not true about intermediate web stiffeners? they
reduce shear capacity of web

• In beam design, sections are proportioned as such that _____ to achieve economy.
moment of inertia about principal axis normal to the web is considerable larger
than moment of inertia about principal axis parallel to the web

• Which of the following gives the shape factor of a rectangular beam section? 1.5

• which of the following gives the shape factor of a wide flange beam section about its
major axis? 1.14

• The value of the moment gradient multiplier, Cb for a simple beam of 4m span with
concentrated loads of 10KN each at quarter points is ___. Express your answer in 3
decimal places. 1.136
Solution:

• Which of the following gives the shape factor of a wide flange beam section about its
major axis? 1.14

• Local web buckling can occur on plate girders due to diagonal compression

• A 4.2m simple beam carries a uniform ultimate load Wu. The beam is compact with lateral
supports only at end points. The properties of the section are: rx=105.16mm, ry=22.2mm,
Sx=308000mm^3, Sy=35000mm^3, Zx=354000mm^3, Zy=55000mm^3, Lp=1110mm,
Lr=8500mm, Cb=1.14 and Fy=248MPa. Calculate the ultimate load capacity Wu of the
beam in KN/m. Express your answer in 3 decimal places.

Solution:

𝑊𝐿2 𝑊(4200)2
ΦMn = 8
→ 0.9(83,691,232.86) = 8
→ Wu = 34.160 KN/m
• A 10.7m simple beam carries a uniform ultimate load Wu. The beam is compact with lateral
supports only at end points. The properties of the section are: rts=25.67mm, ho=264mm,
c=1.0, J=90848 mm4, Zx=355x103mm3, Shape Factor, SF=1.15, Lp=1,582mm,
Lr=8421mm, Cb=1.14 and Fy=248Mpa. Calculate the design strength of the beam in KN-
M. Express your answer in 3 decimal places.

Solution:
𝑍𝑥
𝑆𝑥 =
𝑆𝐹

𝜙𝑀𝑛 = 0.9( __ ) ÷ 106 𝑘𝑁𝑚

• A 7.7m WF simple floor beam is laterally supported at the ends and at quarter points. The
beam carries a concentrated service live load “P” at the midspan. The properties of WF
section are A=8,996mm2, ho=396mm, Sx=1,153x103mm3, Iy=15.2x106mm4, c=1.0,
J=440,823mm4, Fy=299MPa. Neglecting beam self-weight, calculate the limiting length
of the beam in MILLIMETERS over which there is elastic lateral-torsional buckling
occurring. Express your answer in 3 decimal places.

Solution:
Solve Lr given by:

Lr = ____ mm (use excel)

• An A36 WF cantilever floor beam with span of 5.9m carries a factored deadload of 30KN
and a factored liveload of 68KN at free end. Calculate the required moment of inertia in
mm4 of the beam against deflection requirement. Round off your answer in whole number.

Solution:
Δ𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 = Δ𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙
𝐿 𝑃𝐿3
(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝐷 + 𝐿) = (𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑐 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎 3)
240 3𝐸𝐼
30 68
5900 (1.2 + 1.6)(1000)(5900)3
= → 𝐼 = ____𝒎𝒎𝟒
240 (3)(200000)(𝐼)
• Which of the following statements is not true about section compactness? slender
sections are preferred in hot rolled structural steelwork

• Which of the following statements is true about beam sections? in case of hot rolled
section, high thickness of plate is adopted to prevent local buckling

• Shear requirement on beam design will usually not prevail on which condition? beam is
simply supported

• St. Venant’s constant commonly known as torsional constant is given by ∑biti3/3

• In preventing web buckling on WF beam, which of the following is true? reducing depth-
to-thickness ratio

• A flexural member is fabricated from two flange plates 200 mm x 12 mm thick and a web
plate 400 mm x 10 mm thick and is bent about its strong axis. Fy=414 MPa. Which of the
following is true regarding its compactness? flange is compact and web is compact

• Which of the following greatly affects the nominal shear strength of I-shaped beam? area
of web

• Unsupported steel beams will have a nominal flexural strength governed by lateral
torsional buckling

• Fully supported steel beams will have a nominal flexural strength governed by yield
stress

• It is a flexural member that usually carries loads coming from walls over an opening of a
window or door. Lintels

• What is lateral torsional buckling? buckling of beam loaded in plane of its strong axis
and buckling about its weaker axis accompanied by twisting

• Plastic moment of steel beams is defined as Mp=ZpFy

• If the moment within the unbraced length of the beam is uniform or constant, the lateral-
torsional buckling modification factor is always equal to 1. True

• Deflection is a strength limit state, so deflections should always be computed with

service loads. False

• Shape factor is SF = Zp/Ze

• A built-up tee-shape beam section consists of 2 steel plates, 7⁄8-in. × 10-in. flange and a
1-in. × 12-in. web. The yield stress Fy is 50 ksi. Calculate the yield moment in Kip-ft.
Express your answer in 2 decimal places.

Solution:
ℎ = 12 + 0.875 = 12.875 𝑡𝑤 = 1
𝑏 = 10 𝑡𝑓 = 0.875
Sx = ____ (use online calc for Tee (T) Section)

My = FySx = (50 ksi)(____ in^3) = _____ kip-in x 0.083333 = ____ kip-ft

• 3.1m propped cantilever beam carries a total service load of "w" KN/m. The WF beam has
the following properties: d=447.9mm, tw=9.1mm, bf=178mm, tf=14.4mm, k=31.8,
Fy=250MPa. Calculate the maximum "w" in KN/m that the beam can carry against shear
requirement? Round off your answer in 2 decimal places.

Solution:
Cv = 1.0, Φ = 1.0
ΦVn = Φ(0.6)(Fy)(Aw)(Cv) = [(1.0)(0.6)(250)(d*tw)(1.0)]/1000 = ____ KN
5𝑊𝑢(3.1)
_____𝐾𝑁 =
8

• A 9m WF simple floor beam is laterally supported at the ends. The beam carries a uniform
service live load “w” at its span. The properties of WF section are A=8,504mm2,
ho=391mm, Sx=1,166x103mm3, Iy=14.1x106mm4, c=1.0, J=440,572mm4, Fy=296MPa.
Neglecting beam self-weight, calculate the upper limit on width-to-thickness ratio for
compact web category. Express your answer in 3 decimal places.

Solution:
𝐸
λ𝑝 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑤𝑒𝑏 = 3.76√
𝐹𝑦
• A floor system is supported by WF A36 steel beams 7.7m long and spaced 3.7m on
centers. The beams are simply supported at their ends and are laterally supported over
their entire span. Assume compact section and neglect beam self-weight. The properties
of the beam section are: d=543mm, tw=48mm, bf=316mm, tf=50mm, k=74mm, shape
factor SF=1.20, Sx=8,434x103mm3. Use allowable deflection (1/360) of beam span.
Calculate the ULTIMATE floor load in KPa that the beam can carry against SHEAR.
Express your answer in 2 decimal places

Solution:
Cv = 1.0, Φ = 1.0
ΦVn = Φ(0.6)(Fy)(Aw)(Cv) = [(1.0)(0.6)(248)(d*tw)(1.0)]/1000 = ____ KN
_____ KN = Wu(7.7)/2 → Wu = ____ KN/m
FL = Wu/3.7 = ___ KPa

• A floor system is supported by WF A36 steel beams 7.6m long and spaced 3.4m on
centers. The beams are simply supported at their ends and are laterally supported over
their entire span. Assume compact section and neglect beam self-weight. The properties
of the beam section are: d=511mm, tw=38mm, bf=299mm, tf=58mm, k=76mm, shape
factor SF=1.20, Sx=8,440x103mm3. Use allowable deflection (1/360) of beam span.
Calculate the SERVICE floor load in KPa that the beam can carry against DEFLECTION.
Express your answer in 2 decimal places.

Solution:
𝐼𝑥 𝐿 5𝑤𝐿4 𝑤
𝑆𝑥 = = ______ ; = → 𝐹𝐿 = ____𝑲𝑷𝒂
𝑑 360 384 𝐸𝐼 3.4
2

• A floor system is supported by WF A36 steel beams 7.1m long and spaced 3.9m on
centers. The beams are simply supported at their ends and are laterally supported over
their entire span. Assume compact section and neglect beam self-weight. The properties
of the beam section are: d=588m, tw=35mm, bf=300mm, tf=54mm, k=73mm, shape factor
SF=1.20, Sx=8,492x103mm3. Use allowable deflection (1/360) of beam span. Calculate
the SERVICE floor load in KPa that the beam can carry against FLEXURE. Express your
answer in 2 decimal places.
Solution:
Calculate ΦMn (partially supported) then equate to WuL^2/8

𝐿𝑏 − 𝐿𝑝
𝑀𝑛 = 𝐶𝑏 [𝑀𝑝 − (𝑀𝑝 − 0.7𝐹𝑦 𝑆𝑥 ) ( )] ≤ 𝑀𝑝 (𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑒𝑥𝑐𝑒𝑙); 𝐶𝑏 = 1.14
𝐿𝑟 − 𝐿𝑝
𝑊𝑢𝐿2
𝜙𝑀𝑛 = → 𝑊𝑢 = ___
8
𝑊𝑢
𝐹𝐿 = = _____𝑲𝑷𝒂
3.9
• A flexural member with an isosceles triangular cross section has a base of 116mm and
height of 215mm. Calculate the distance of the plastic neutral axis from the base of the
section in millimeters? Express your answer in 3 decimal places.

Solution:
𝐴𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
𝐴𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒 =
2
1
1 (116)(215)
xy = 2
→Eq. 1
2 2

𝑥 215
𝑦
= 116 →Eq. 2

215 – x = 63.277 mm

• A flexural member is fabricated from two flange plates 242 mm x 14 mm thick and a web
plate 388 mm x 18 mm thick and is bent about its strong axis. Fy = 248 Mpa. Calculate
the design strength of the section, in kNm, if the beam is laterally supported on its full
span. Express your answer in 2 decimal places

Solution:
𝑏𝑓 = 242 𝑑 = 388 + 2(14) = 416
𝑡𝑓 = 14 𝑡𝑤 = 18
𝑍𝑥 = 𝐴1 𝑦1 + 𝐴2 𝑦2 = 2.03942𝑥106 (𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑛𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢)
𝜙𝑀𝑛 = 0.9[(248)(2.03942𝑥106 )] ÷ 106 = 𝟒𝟓𝟓. 𝟏𝟗𝟖𝟓𝟒𝟒 𝒌𝑵𝒎

• A 9m WF simple floor beam is laterally supported at the ends and at third points. The
beam carries a concentrated service live load “P” at the midspan. The properties of WF
section are A=8,544 mm2, ho=380mm, Sx=1,163x103mm3, Iy=13.6x106mm4, c=1.0,
J=440,959mm4, Fy=391Mpa. Neglecting beam self-weight, calculate the maximum
limiting length of the beam in METERS at which the beam is considered laterally
supported. Express your answer in 3 decimal places.

Solution:
𝐼𝑦
Get 𝑟𝑦 = √𝐴 = ___ mm
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙

Lp/1000 = ____m
QUIZ 2 - COLUMN BASE PLATES & BEAM BEARING PLATES

1. A 4.2m simple beam carries a uniform ultimate load Wu. The beam is compact with lateral
supports only at end points. The properties of the section are: rx=105.16mm, ry=22.2mm,
Sx=308000mm^3, Sy=35000mm^3, Zx=354000mm^3, Zy=55000mm^3, Lp=1110mm,
Lr=8500mm, Cb=1.14 and Fy=248MPa. Calculate the ultimate load capacity Wu of the beam in
KN/m. Express your answer in 3 decimal places.
𝐿𝑏 − 𝐿𝑝
𝑀𝑛 = 𝐶𝑏 [𝑀𝑝 − (𝑀𝑝 − 0.7𝐹𝑦 𝑆𝑥 ) ( )] ≤ 𝑀𝑝
𝐿𝑟 − 𝐿𝑝
Using Excel: 𝑀𝑛 = 83,721,999.85
𝑤𝐿2 w(4200)2
𝜙𝑀𝑛 = → 0.9(83,721,999.85) = → 𝑾𝒖 = 𝟑𝟒. 𝟏𝟕𝟐
8 8

2. A W12x26 (tf = 9.65 mm, tw = 5.6 mm and d = 300 mm) beam rests on a concrete wall with
fc’=21MPa. The beam is A36 steel with Fy = 248 MPa. Calculate the required length of an A36
bearing plate in millimeters if its nominal strength against web crippling is 230KN. Express your
answer in 2 decimal places.
1.5
2
4𝑙𝑏 𝑡𝑤 𝐸𝐹𝑦 𝑡𝑓
𝑅𝑛 = 0.4𝑡𝑤 [1 + ( − 0.2) ( ) ]√
𝑑 𝑡𝑓 𝑡𝑤

4𝑙𝑏 5.6 1.5 200,000(248)(9.65)

230𝑥103 = 0.4(5.6)2 (1 + ( − 0.2) ( ) √ → 𝒍𝒃 = 𝟏𝟖𝟏. 𝟖𝟐
300 9.65 5.6

3. Calculate the design strength of 15mm thick column base plate based on bearing if the base
plate has the same area of the pedestal. The pedestal is made of 27MPa concrete, 235mm in
diameter. Express your answer in KN in 3 decimal places.
𝜙𝑝 𝑃𝑝 = 0.85 𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝐴1
235 2
0.65(0.85)(27) (𝜋 ( 2 ) )
= = 𝟔𝟒𝟕. 𝟎𝟐𝟔
1000

4. What is the resistance factor for bending stress limit state on steel column base plate? Express
your answer in %.
90
5. A 25mm thick A36 rectangular steel base plate B=535mm x N=651mm rests on a 745mm
square concrete pedestal with fc’ = 21MPa. The base plate carries an A50 W14x53 steel column
with d=354mm and bf=205mm. Fy of A50 steel is 345 MPa. Calculate the design strength in KN
based on concrete bearing. Express your answer in 2 decimal places.
𝐴2 = 745𝑍2
𝐴 𝑍2 535
𝜙𝑝 𝑃𝑝 = 0.85 𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝐴1 √𝐴2 =
1 745 651
𝑍2 = 612.250384 < 745 𝑜𝑘!
456,126.5361
= (0.65)(0.85(21)(535𝑥651)√ ) ÷ 103 𝐴2 = 745 (612.250384) = 456,126.5361
(535)(651)
4624.466438

6. A 17mm thick A50 circular steel base plate 559mm diameter rests on a rectangular concrete
pedestal 685x750mm with fc’ = 21MPa. The base plate carries an A36 W14x53 steel column with
d=354mm and bf=205mm. Fy of A50 steel is 345 MPa. Calculate the nominal strength in KN
based on concrete bearing. Express your answer in 2 decimal places.
5368.222169
𝜋
𝐴2 𝜋(559)2 (685)2
′
𝑃𝑝 = 0.85 𝑓𝑐 𝐴1 √ = 0.85(21) ( 4
) √𝜋 ÷ 103 → 𝑷𝒑 = 𝟓𝟑𝟔𝟖. 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟏𝟔𝟗 𝒌𝑵
𝐴1 4 (559)2
4

7. A 25mm thick A50 circular steel base plate 596mm diameter rests on a rectangular concrete
pedestal 657x750mm with fc’ = 21MPa. The base plate carries an A36 W14x53 steel column
with d=354mm and bf=205mm . Fy of A50 steel is 345 MPa. Calculate the design strength in KN
based on steel plate bending. Express your answer in 2 decimal places.
For Circular base plate: CHOOSE LARGEST
2𝑃𝑢 l
𝑡𝐿𝑅𝐹𝐷 ≥ 𝑙
√ 𝜋(𝐷)2 𝐷 − 0.8𝑏𝑓 596 − 0.8(205)
0.9 ( ) 𝐹𝑦 𝑛= = = 216
4 2 2
𝐷 − 0.95𝑏𝑓 596 − 0.95(205)
2𝑃𝑢 𝑚= = = 200.625
(25 = 216 ) ÷ 103 2 2
√ 𝜋(596)2 1 1
0.9 ( 4 ) (345) 𝑛′ = √𝑑𝑏𝑓 = √(354)(205) = 67.34704893
4 4
𝑷𝒖 = 𝟓𝟖𝟎. 𝟐𝟏𝟏𝟕𝟓𝟔𝟗 𝒌𝑵

8. Calculate the most economical length, N in mm of column base plate if B=398mm to support a
WF column with d=391.6mm and bf=349.6mm. Give exact dimension and round off your answer
in 2 decimal places.
𝑁 − 0.95𝑑 𝑁 − 0.95(391.6) Since m = n
𝑚= = 𝑁 − 372.02 = 𝐵 − 279.68
2 2
𝐵 − 0.8𝑏𝑓 𝐵 − 0.8(349.6) 𝑁 = 𝐵 + 92.34
𝑛= = 𝑁 = 398 + 92.34 = 𝟒𝟗𝟎. 𝟑𝟒
2 2
9. A 40mm thick A50 circular steel base plate 596mm diameter rests on a rectangular concrete
pedestal 692x750mm with fc’ = 21MPa. The base plate carries an A36 W14x53 steel column with
d=354mm and bf=205mm. Fy of A50 steel is 345 MPa. Calculate the design strength in KN based
on concrete bearing. Express your answer in 2 decimal places.
𝐴2
596 2 𝜙𝑝 𝑃𝑝 = (0.65)0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝐴1 √
𝐴1 = 𝜋 ( ) = 278,985.994 𝐴1
2
2
692
𝐴2 = 𝜋 ( ) = 376,098.9061 376098.9061
2 (0.65) (0.85(21)(278985.994)√ ) ÷ 103
278985.994

𝝓𝒑 𝑷𝒑 = 𝟑𝟕𝟓𝟖. 𝟑𝟐𝟎𝟒𝟗𝟖 𝒌𝑵

10. An A36 rectangular steel base plate B=283mm x N=402mm rests on a 739mm square
concrete pedestal with fc’ = 21MPa. The base plate carries an A50 WF steel column with
d=354mm and bf=205mm. The column service loads are DL=274KN and LL=445KN. Fy of A36
and A50 steel are 248MPa and 345MPa respectively. Calculate the required thickness in mm
using ASD based on plate bending. Express your answer in 2 decimal places.

2𝑃𝑎 CHOOSE LARGEST l

𝑡𝐴𝑆𝐷 ≥ 𝑙 √ 𝐵 − 0.8𝑏𝑓 283 − 0.8(205)
1 𝑛= = = 59.5
(1.67) 𝐵𝑁 𝐹𝑦 2 2
𝑁 − 0.95𝑑 402 − 0.95(354)
𝑚= = = 32.85
2(274 + 445)𝑥103 2 2
= (67.34704893)√ 1 1
1 𝑛′ = √𝑑𝑏𝑓 = √(354)(205) = 67.34704893
(1.67) (283)(402)(248)
4 4
𝒕 = 𝟏𝟗. 𝟔𝟒𝟖𝟐𝟔𝟑𝟎𝟔

11. What is the safety factor, ASD for column baseplate against bearing stress limit state?

2.31

12. Determination of the thickness of a column base plate requires consideration of ____.
Flexure
❖ Determination of the width of a beam bearing plate requires consideration of ______.
Bearing

13. An A36 (Fy=248MPa) WF beam is supported at its end supports by an A53 (Fy=241MPa)
bearing plate with length lb=325mm, width B=222mm and thickness t=39mm on a concrete wall
on full area. The properties of the beam section are as follows: d=253.49mm, tw=8.64mm,
bf=254mm, tf=14.22mm, k=34.32mm, Sx=895x103 mm3. Concrete fc’ = 26.8MPa. Calculate the
ULTIMATE end beam reaction in KN considering that the design bearing strength on concrete
wall will not exceeded. Express your answer in 2 decimal places.
1068.33
𝜙𝑝 𝑃𝑝 = 0.85 𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝐴1 = 0.65(0.85(26.8)(222)(325)) ÷ 103 = 𝟏𝟎𝟔𝟖. 𝟑𝟐𝟓𝟎𝟓 𝒌𝑵
14. A simply supported beam having a web thickness of 19mm carries a concentrated load at the
mid span. The base plate placed directly under the load is used to prevent web yielding and has
a length of 483mm. Compute the ultimate concentrated load in KN that the beam section could
carry to prevent web yielding if the distance measured from the outer flange face to the top of the
fillet toe is 30mm. Use A36 steel with Fy=248Mpa. Express your answer in 1 decimal place.
𝑅𝑛 = 𝐹𝑦 𝑡𝑤 (5𝑘 + 𝑙𝑏 )
𝑅𝑛 = 1.0(248)(8.64)(5(34.32) + 325) ÷ 103 = 𝟐𝟗𝟖𝟐. 𝟔𝟗𝟔

15. An A36 (Fy=248MPa) WF beam is supported at its end supports by an A53 (Fy=241MPa)
bearing plate with length lb=366mm, width B=204mm and thickness t=37mm on a concrete wall
on full area. The properties of the beam section are as follows: d=253.49mm, tw=8.64mm,
bf=254mm, tf=14.22mm, k=31.91mm, Sx=895x103 mm3. Concrete fc’ = 26.3MPa. Calculate the
ULTIMATE end beam reaction in KN considering that the design bending strength on steel
bearing plate will not be exceeded. Express your answer in 2 decimal places. Hint: Use the
derived thickness formula, t2=(2.22Ru n2)/(B lb Fy).
2
204 − 2(31.91)
2.22 𝑅𝑢 𝑛2 𝐵 − 2𝑘 √2.22 𝑅𝑢 ( 2
)
𝑡=√ 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑛 = → 37 = ÷ 103
𝐵 𝑙𝑏 𝐹𝑦 2 204(366)(241)
𝑹𝒖 = 𝟐𝟐𝟓𝟖. 𝟕𝟒𝟐𝟏𝟏𝟑 𝒌𝑵

16. A W12x26 (tf = 9.65 mm, tw = 5.6 mm and d = 300 mm) beam rests on a concrete wall with
fc’=21MPa. The beam is A36 steel with Fy = 248 MPa. Calculate the required length of an A36
bearing plate in millimeters if its nominal strength against web crippling is 230KN. Express your
answer in 2 decimal places.
1.5
2
4 𝑙𝑏 𝑡𝑤 𝐸 𝐹𝑦 𝑡𝑓
𝑅𝑛 = 0.4𝑡𝑤 [1 + ( − 0.2) ( ) ]√
𝑑 𝑡𝑓 𝑡𝑤

4(𝑙𝑏 ) 5.6 1.5 200,000(248)(9.65)

→ 230𝑥103 = 0.4(5.6)2 [1 + ( − 0.2) ( ) ]√ → 𝒍𝒃 = 𝟏𝟖𝟏. 𝟖𝟏𝟕𝟔𝟏𝟒𝟑
300 9.65 5.6

17. What is the safety factor, ASD for beam bearing plate against web crippling limit state?
2

18. Which of the following causes web buckling in plate girder?

a) diagonal tension
b) diagonal compression
c) diagonal tension and diagonal compression
d) neither diagonal tension nor diagonal compression

19. What is the resistance factor, LRFD for beam bearing plate against web yielding limit state?
1

20. Which of the following is true about web crippling?

web crippling is buckling of flange caused by tensile force delivered through web
web crippling is buckling of web caused by tensile force delivered through flange
web crippling is buckling of flange caused by compressive force delivered through web
web crippling is buckling of web caused by compressive force delivered through flange

❖ occurs when the compressive stress on a horizontal section through the web reaches
the yield point.
Web yielding

14. A 7m WF eccentrically loaded column carries an eccentric service load of 321.8KN placed at
a certain distance of 295mm from the x-axis and at a distance of 185mm from the y-axis. The
ends of the column are both translation fixed and rotation free. The load is 35% deadload and
65% liveload. Assume compact section and laterally supported all throughout its length. Use
nominal strength,Pn=1545KN and Fy=250MPa. WF Properties: Sx=1093x103mm3,
Sy=377x103mm3, Zx=1222x103mm3, Zy=574 x103mm3. Calculate the value of the interaction
equation considering axial compression alone. Express your answer in 3 decimal places.

SOLUTION:
𝑃𝑢 = 1.2(0.35𝑥321.8) + 1.6(0.65𝑥321.8) = 469.828
𝑃𝑢 469.828
= = 0.3378842143
𝜙𝑃𝑛 0.9(1545)

10. A grade 50 (Fy=345MPa) WF section (Sx=89000mm3, Zx=103000mm3, Sy=31000mm3,

Zy=48000mm3) is used as a purlin on a roof truss with its top chord inclined 15 degrees with the
horizontal. The trusses are spaced at 9meters on centers. There are 7purlins on the windward
side likewise on the leeward side of the truss. The ultimate (factored) roof loads are as follows:
Dead load =0.79KN/m (purlin selfweight included), Live load =1.52KN/m, Wind load pressure =
0.38KN/m. Assume purlins are compact section and with no lateral-torsional buckling. Sagrods
and tierods are placed at midspan. Calculate the tension in KN at the most stressed sagrod.
Express your answer in 2 decimal places.

SOLUTION:
5
𝑇𝑠𝑎𝑔𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑊𝑡 𝐿 (𝑛𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑢𝑟𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑠)
8
5
= (𝐷𝐿 + 𝐿𝐿) sin(15𝑜 ) (9𝑚)(7 𝑝𝑢𝑟𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑠) = 23.54120977
8
A WF 7.4ft simple beam carries an inclined liveload of 4.6k/ft. The liveload is inclined with slope
of 3 horizontal and 4 vertical. Consider beam selfweight of 0.22k/ft to be its deadload and assume
compact section with Fy=248MPa. All given loads are service loads. Calculate the
ultimate/factored moment in kip-ft about the minor axis. Express your answer in 2 decimal places.

SOLUTION:

𝑊𝑢 = 1.6(𝐿𝐿 ∗ 𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒)
4 𝑊𝑢𝐿2 9.813333333(7.4)2
𝑊𝑢 = 1.6 (4.6 𝑥 ) = 9.813333333 → = = 67.17226667
3 8 8

A grade 50 wide flange purlin has Sx=179000mm3, Zx=206000mm3, Sy=18000mm3,

Zy=29000mm3. Assume compact section and with no lateral-torsional buckling . Use
1ksi=6.9MPa. Calculate the nominal moment strength on stronger axis in KN-m. Express your
answer in 2 decimal places.

SOLUTION:

FyZx = (50x6.9)(206,000) / 103 = 71.07

A 8.1m column (both ends hinged) is part of a braced frame carries a transverse factored load of
69KN/m. An additional axial compressive factored load of 530KN is also applied on the column.
Bending is about major axis only. The design compressive and bending strengths are 2940KN
and 460KN-m respectively. Fy=248MPa, E=200000MPa and Ix=222x106mm4. Calculate the
moment amplification factor to account for the secondary moment . Express your answer in 3
decimal places.

SOLUTION:

(both ends hinged) is part of a braced frame Cm = 1.0

A 7m WF eccentrically loaded column carries an eccentric service load of 325KN placed at a

certain distance of 295mm from the x-axis and at a distance of 185mm from the y-axis. The ends
of the column are both translation fixed and rotation free. The load is 35% deadload and 65%
liveload. Assume compact section and laterally supported all throughout its length. Use nominal
strength,Pn=1545KN and Fy=250MPa.

WF Properties: Sx=1093x103mm3, Sy=377x103mm3, Zx=1222x103mm3, Zy=574 x103mm3.

Calculate the ratio of the design flexural strengths, i.e. ФMnx/ФMny. Express your answer in 3
decimal places.

SOLUTION:
𝜙𝑀𝑛𝑥 𝐹𝑦 𝑍𝑥 250(1222𝑥103 )
= = = 𝟐. 𝟏𝟐𝟖𝟗𝟏𝟗𝟖𝟔𝟏
𝜙𝑀𝑛𝑦 𝐹𝑦 𝑍𝑦 250(574𝑥103 )

Which of the following is false on moment amplification factor B1 for beam-columns?

B1 can any value less than 1

12. The ratio of the maximum bending moments on weaker axis of purlin without sagrods and
with sagrods at 3rd points is nearly? 4 11 32 90

In calculating weak-axis bending strength of beams, shape factor should be limited to this value
to prevent excessive working load deformation.
o 1.2
o 1.4
o 1.6
o 1.8

Which of the following is not true about sag rods?

o sag rods are provided at midway or at one-third points between roof trusses
o these rods reduce the moment My
o these rods result in smaller purlin sections
o these rods reduce the moment Mx

What is the correction factor, Cm of a beam-column which is part of a braced frame without any
transverse loads resisting equal magnitude of end moments with the same direction?
o 0.2
o 0.85
o 1.0
o 0.4

1. In beam-column analysis, if the ratio of the ultimate compressive load to its design
compressive strength is less than 20% then the member is considered more of a
______?
Beam
2. In beam-column analysis, if the ultimate compressive load of the member is 20% of its
design compressive strength, which of the following statements is true?

Larger Axial Compression

3. Beams in a moment resisting frame are considered beam-columns.
False

4. When one sag rod is used, the moment about web axis
reduced by 75%

5. When two sag rod is used, the moment about web axis
reduced by 91%
6. In bi-axial bending, the shear center is always located on an axis of
symmetry, thus the shear center will be at the centroid of a cross section with
two axes of symmetry
True
7. What are purlins?
beams provided over trusses to support roofing

8. When a single concentrated load acts normal to the longitudinal axis of the beam
but is inclined with respect to each of the principal axes of the cross section, bi-
axial bending occurs. True

9. Which of the following gives the safety factor as per Allowable Strength Design for
beam-columns? 1.7 2.0 2.3 1.5

https://calcresource.com/cross-section-tee.html
FLEXURE

2.31
90

30
phiPp= 4477.60 KN

Pu=827.69
N=473.73mm

t=15.99mm
phiPp=3787.51KN

Pp=5879.05
Ru=1743.14KN
Lb=222.42mm
Rn=1744.KN
Ru=989.69KN
1.

SOLUTION:
1.2(DL) + 1.6(LL * SLOPE ABOUT QUESTIONED AXIS) = Wu then (WuL^2)/8
1.2(0.15) + 1.6(7.3 * (4/5)) = ____ (WuL^2)/8

2. A 7m WF eccentrically loaded column carries an eccentric service load of 344KN

placed at a certain distance of 295mm from the x-axis and at a distance of
185mm from the y-axis. The ends of the column are both translation fixed and
rotation free. The load is 35% deadload and 65% liveload. Assume compact
section and laterally supported all throughout its length. Use nominal
strength,Pn=1545KN and Fy=250MPa. WF Properties: Sx=1093x103mm3,
Sy=377x103mm3, Zx=1222x103mm3, Zy=574 x103mm3. Calculate the value
of the interaction equation considering both axial compression and bending.
Express your answer in 3 decimal places.

SOLUTION:
Solve Pu
Then do pu/ phiPn = check larger or lower 0.2
Get mny and mnx via FyZx and FyZy respectively
Ampli formula (Case 3, cm=1.0)
Ix = SxEy
Iy = SyEx
eccentric distance = Ex
ex = 295
ey = 185

B1x= 1.0657
B1y= 1.126
Sub in inter

3 3 3
3. A grade 50 wide flange purlin has Sx=179000mm , Zx=206000mm , Sy=18000mm ,
3
Zy=29000mm . Assume compact section and with no lateral-torsional buckling . Use
1ksi=6.9MPa. Calculate the nominal moment strength on weaker axis in KN-m. Express
your answer in 2 decimal places.
SOLUTION:
Madaming tanong na ganto pero
If:
Nominal Strength = FyZy (weaker axis) or FyZx (strong axis or x-axis)
Nominal Yield Stregnth = FySy or FySx

4.

True no need solution

5. An A36 (Fy=248MPa, E=200GPa) WF steel column, which is part of a braced frame is
loaded with an eccentric load Pu=68.4KN along the plane of the web "e" mm from its
centroid. The column is laterally supported with Lb<Lp with compact section with design
moment strength of 54KN-m. Using L=4.3m and effective length factor of 0.7. The
2
properties of the WF section are A=3,791mm , rx=62mm, ry=39.66mm. Calculate the
maximum distance "e" in millimeters? Express your answer in 1 decimal place.

SOLUTION:
Pn=FcrAg
Pu/phiPn check if larger or smaller
Mnx=
Note: use the interaction equation if larger or smaller
sample>> Pu/phiPn+(Pu(e)/phiMnx)= 1.0
e=____

6. A 8m column is part of a braced frame with joint rotation carries service support end
moments of 109.7KN-m at top and 176.9KN-m at bottom (single curvature). An additional
axial compressive service load of 588KN is also applied on the column. Bending is about
major axis only. The design compressive and bending strengths are 2940KN and 460KN-
6 4
m respectively. Fy=248MPa, E=200000MPa and Ix=222x10 mm . Calculate the
moment correction factor or reduction coefficient. Express your answer in 3 decimal
places.

SOLUTION:
Cm = 0.6 – 0.4 (M1/M2)
Cm = 0.6 – 0.4 (-109.7/176.9) negative since single curvature

7. Calculate the maximum factored load moment on stronger axis in k-ft that the given beam
can carry for adequacy with the following data: Factored load moment on weaker axis =
36.1k-ft, , Nominal moment strength for stronger axis = 508k-ft, Nominal moment
strength for weaker axis = 173.1k-ft. Assume that NOT all loads passes through the
shear center of the cross section. Express your answer in 2 decimal places.

SOLUTION:
Given: Muy = 36.1, Mny=173.1, Mnx = 508
Substitute to interaction equation with Mux unknown divide weaker axis by 2 if not
passing through shear center

8. A 8.3m restrained beam-column (both ends fixed) carries a uniformly distributed factored
load of 61.1KN/m. An additional axial compressive factored load of 534.2KN is also
applied on the beam-column. Bending is about major axis only. The design compressive
and bending strengths are 2940KN and 460KN-m respectively. Fy=248MPa,
6 4
E=200000MPa and Ix=222x10 mm . Calculate the factored moment, Mnt in KN-m
assuming that no sidesway occurs. Express your answer in 2 decimal places.

SOLUTION:
IDK Pwede ba na wL^2/8 lang to?
OO ata haha

3 3
9. A grade 50 (Fy=345MPa) WF section (Sx=89000mm , Zx=103000mm ,
3 3
Sy=31000mm , Zy=48000mm ) is used as a purlin on a roof truss with its top chord
inclined 15 degrees with the horizontal. The trusses are spaced at 9.8meters on
centers. There are 9purlins on the windward side likewise on the leeward side of the
truss. The ultimate (factored) roof loads are as follows: Dead load =0.85KN/m (purlin
selfweight included), Live load =1.34KN/m, Wind load pressure = 0.33KN/m. Assume
purlins are compact section and with no lateral-torsional buckling. Sagrods and tierods
are placed at midspan. Calculate the value of the interaction equation considering
bending on MINOR axis alone. Express your answer in 3 decimal placeS.
SOLUTION:
Muy = Wt L^2 / 8 = ((DL+LL)sin 15 *(9.8 m/2)^2)/8
phi Mny = 0.9 Fy Zy
final ans: Muy/phi Mny

3 3
10. A grade 50 (Fy=345MPa) WF section (Sx=89000mm , Zx=103000mm ,
3 3
Sy=31000mm , Zy=48000mm ) is used as a purlin on a roof truss with its top chord
inclined 15 degrees with the horizontal. The trusses are spaced at 9meters on centers.
There are 7purlins on the windward side likewise on the leeward side of the truss. The
ultimate (factored) roof loads are as follows: Dead load =0.79KN/m (purlin selfweight
included), Live load =1.52KN/m, Wind load pressure = 0.38KN/m. Assume purlins are
compact section and with no lateral-torsional buckling. Sagrods and tierods are placed
at midspan. Calculate the tension in KN at the most stressed sagrod. Express your
answer in 2 decimal places.
SOLUTION:
Tsagmax = 5/8 (Wt) (l) (number of purlins)
= (5/8)((DL+LL)sin(15 degrees))(9m)(7 purlins)

11. A 7m WF eccentrically loaded column carries an eccentric service load of 343.8KN

placed at a certain distance of 295mm from the x-axis and at a distance of 185mm from
the y-axis. The ends of the column are both translation fixed and rotation free. The load is
35% deadload and 65% liveload. Assume compact section and laterally supported all
throughout its length. Use nominal strength,Pn=1545KN and Fy=250MPa. WF

3 3 3 3 3 3
Properties: Sx=1093x10 mm , Sy=377x10 mm , Zx=1222x10 mm , Zy=574
3 3
x10 mm . Calculate the factored eccentric load in KN. Express your answer in 1
decimal place.

1.2(0.35x343.8)+1.6(0.65x343.8)

12. A 7m restrained beam-column (both ends fixed) carries a uniformly distributed factored
load of 66.7KN/m. An additional axial compressive factored load of 535.5KN is also
applied on the beam-column. Bending is about major axis only. The design compressive
and bending strengths are 2940KN and 460KN-m respectively. Fy=248MPa,
6 4
E=200000MPa and Ix=222x10 mm . Calculate the factored moment, Mnt in KN-m
assuming that no sidesway occurs. Express your answer in 2 decimal places

wL^2/8 ??

3 3
13. A grade 50 (Fy=345MPa) WF section (Sx=179000mm , Zx=206000mm ,
3 3
Sy=18000mm , Zy=29000mm ) is used as a purlin on a roof truss with its top chord
inclined 15 degrees with the horizontal. The trusses are spaced at 4.3meters on
centers. There are 6purlins on the windward side likewise on the leeward side of the
truss. The ultimate (factored) roof loads are as follows: Dead load =0.54KN/m (purlin
selfweight included), Live load =1.27KN/m, Wind load pressure = 0.31KN/m. Assume
purlins are compact section and with no lateral-torsional buckling. Sagrods and tierods
are placed at midspan. Calculate the value of the interaction equation considering
bending on major axis alone. Express your answer in 3 decimal placeS.

Wn=(0.54+1.27)cos(15)+0.31
Mux=WnL^2/8
Mnx= FyZx
Mux/phiMnx = _______

14. A 7m WF eccentrically loaded column carries an eccentric service load of 321.8KN

placed at a certain distance of 295mm from the x-axis and at a distance of 185mm from
the y-axis. The ends of the column are both translation fixed and rotation free. The load
is 35% deadload and 65% liveload. Assume compact section and laterally supported all
throughout its length. Use nominal strength,Pn=1545KN and Fy=250MPa. WF
Properties: Sx=1093x103mm3, Sy=377x103mm3, Zx=1222x103mm3, Zy=574 x103mm3.
Calculate the value of the interaction equation considering axial compression alone.
Express your answer in 3 decimal places.

1.2(0.35x321.8)+1.6(0.65x321.8)=Pu
Pu/0.9(1545) = _______

15.

B1 = (Cm=1.0)/(1-(Pu/Pe)) = 0.85/(1-(541/Pe))
Pe = sa notes na lang haha

16. A 17feet WF both ends pinned beam-column carries an axial service loads: DL=44kips and LL=94kips
and transverse service loads at midheight: DL=8kips and LL=22kips. Bending is about the strong axis
only. The nominal compressive and flexural strengths are 643.45kips and 988.48kip-ft respectively.
Calculate the value of interaction equation considering combined axial compression and bending?
Express your answer in 3 decimal places.

concepts:

1. In beam-column analysis, if the ratio of the ultimate compressive load to its design
compressive strength is less than 20% then the member is considered more of a
______?
Beam
2. In beam-column analysis, if the ultimate compressive load of the member is 20% of its
design compressive strength, which of the following statements is true?

Larger Axial Compression

3. Beams in a moment resisting frame are considered beam-columns.
False
4. When one sag rod is used, the moment about web axis
reduced by 75%

5. When two sag rod is used, the moment about web axis
reduced by 91%
6. In bi-axial bending, the shear center is always located on an axis of
symmetry, thus the shear center will be at the centroid of a cross section with
two axes of symmetry
True
7. What are purlins?
beams provided over trusses to support roofing

8. When a single concentrated load acts normal to the longitudinal axis of the beam
but is inclined with respect to each of the principal axes of the cross section, bi-
axial bending occurs. True

9. Which of the following gives the safety factor as per Allowable Strength Design for
beam-columns? 1.7 2.0 2.3 1.5

10. A 7.6m restrained beam-column (both ends fixed) carries a uniformly distributed
factored load of 67KN/m. An additional axial compressive factored load of 530KN is also
applied on the beam-column. Bending is about major axis only. 11. The design
compressive and bending strengths are 2940KN and 460KN-m respectively. Fy=248MPa,
E=200000MPa and Ix=222x106mm4. Which of the following gives the value of the
moment amplification factor, B1? 0.85 1.0 1.02 1.12

12. The ratio of the maximum bending moments on weaker axis of purlin without sagrods
and with sagrods at 3rd points is nearly? 4 11 32 90
13.

14.

False

15.
16.

0.2

17.

Tagalog ng Purlins ay reostra...basta hindi perlina ahaha

Module 2 Quiz 1
Monday, February 8, 2021 8:45 PM

QUESTION 1
1. In continuous beam analysis, adjacent spans are loaded with live load to maximize
negative bending moment for sections of loaded spans at the common support.
True
False

QUESTION 2
1. Concrete compressive strain is expected to be at ___________ when the concrete is on
the verge of crushing as per NSCP.

QUESTION 3
1. The steel tensile strain limit for a tension controlled failure is ___________.

QUESTION 4
1. In flexure design, transition failure is when the steel tensile strain compatible with
concrete strain of 0.003 is less than the tensile yield strain and greater than 0.002.
True
False

QUESTION 5
1. The constant β1 for f'c = 30 MPa is ______. (Answer in 3 decimal places)

QUESTION 6
1. Live load pattern loading to maximize positive bending moment on the loaded span is
done by ____________ span loading as per NSCP.

QUESTION 7
1. What is the minimum tensile steel ratio for material strengths f' c = 27 MPa and fy =
345 MPa?
A. 0.03590
B. 0.02120
C. 0.00376
D. 0.00406

QUESTION 8
1. A three span continuous beam of prismatic size 275 mm x 450 mm A-B, B-C and C-D
is to be designed for service uniform superimposed dead load of 5 kN/m and uservice
uniform live load of 12 kN/m. What should be the factored load on span C-D so that
span A-B will be at maximum positive bending?
A. 28.76
B. 9.56
C. 25.20
D. 19.97

QUESTION 9
1. A singly reinforced rectangular beam section 250 mm wide, 450 mm deep is
reinforced with 3-25-mm-dia. rebars, grade G420 enclosed with 10-mm-dia.
stirrups. What is the design condition of the beam by USD method? Use f'c = 21 MPa

CE133P-2 Page 1
stirrups. What is the design condition of the beam by USD method? Use f'c = 21 MPa
A. Compression controlled failure
B. Transition failure
C. Balanced strain failure
D. Tension controlled failure

QUESTION 10
1. Calculate the steel ratio that will produce a tension controlled failure if compressive
strength f'c = 28 MPa and steel yield strength fy = 350 MPa.
A. 0.02550
B. 0.02167
C. 0.02477
D. 0.01806

QUESTION 11
1. A simply supported beam with span of L = 6 m must be designed to support a
uniformly distributed total dead load of 15 kN/m and live load of 10 kN/m. Using
material strengths f'c = 21 MPa and fy = 420 MPa, consider b=0.55d, calculate the
required effective depth in mm if the tensile steel strain compatible with concrete
strain of 0.003 is set at 0.013. Express your answer in two decimal places.

CE133P-2 Page 2
QUESTION 12
1. A simply supported beam with span of L = 5.6 m must be designed to support a
uniformly distributed total dead load of 15 kN/m and live load of 10 kN/m. Using
material strengths f'c = 21 MPa and fy = 420 MPa, Calculate the required area (mm 2 )
of flexure bars 20 mm in diameter for a size of 250 mm x 500 mm. Write your
answer as a whole number, rounded up.

QUESTION 13
1. A singly reinforced rectangular beam 350 mm wide and 450 mm deep is reinforced
with 2 -16-mm-diameter bottom bars enclosed with 10-mm-dia stirrups covered with
40 mm of concrete. Calculate the tensile steel strain compatible with concrete strain of
0.003. Use f'c = 21 MPa and fy = 350 MPa. Express your answer in 3 decimal places

QUESTION 14
1. A singly reinforced rectangular beam 350 mm wide and 450 mm deep is reinforced
with 2 -16-mm-diameter bottom bars enclosed with 10-mm-dia stirrups covered with
40 mm of concrete. Calculate the nominal moment strength in kN-m. Use f'c = 28
MPa and fy = 420 MPa. Express your answer in two decimal places.

QUESTION 15
1. The image shown is a reference for the next question. Write "ok" in the blank
provided and click next.

QUESTION 16
1. The two span beam shown in the figure has L1 = L2 = 3.1 m. The service loads are
total dead load of 6.7 kN/m and live load of 8.9 kN/m. If live load is placed to
produce maximum positive moment on span AB, calculate the maximum factored
positive bending moment at span AB in kN-m. Write your answer in 2 decimal
places only without the unit.

CE133P-2 Page 3
places only without the unit.

QUESTION 17
1. The two span beam shown in the figure has spans L1 = 4.7 m and L2 = 4.3 m. The
service loads are total dead load of 7.3 kN/m and live load of 6.4 kN/m. If live load is
placed to produce maximum negative moment at B, calculate the maximum factored
negative bending moment in kN-m. Write your answer in 2 decimal places only
without the unit.

QUESTION 18
1. This image is a reference for the next question. Write "ok" in the black and click next.

QUESTION 19
1. For the given 2-span-continuous beams with equal spans of L = 5.6 m and equal loads,
calculate the prismatic gross depth of a rectangular section considering the smallest
factored bending moment with minimum steel ratio and b/d = 0.55. Service loads are
wD = 9 kN/m and wL = 10 kN/m. Use material strengths f'c = 21 MPa and fy = 420
MPa for 20 mm flexure bars enclosed in 10 mm stirrups. Round up the final depth
to the next larger whole number.

QUESTION 20
1. For the given 2-span-continuous beams with equal spans of L = 4.4 m and equal loads,
calculate the required amount of top bars in mm2 at B given that the prismatic size is
250 mm x 450 mm. Service loads are wD = 10 kN/m and wL = 10 kN/m. Use material
strengths f'c = 21 MPa and fy = 420 MPa for 20 mm flexure bars enclosed in 10 mm

CE133P-2 Page 4
strengths f'c = 21 MPa and fy = 420 MPa for 20 mm flexure bars enclosed in 10 mm
stirrups. Round up the final answer to the next larger whole number.

QUESTION 21
1. For the given 2-span-continuous beams with equal spans of L = 4.9 m and equal loads,
calculate the required amount of bottom bars in mm2 for span AB given that the
prismatic size is 250 mm x 450 mm. Service loads are wD = 7 kN/m and wL = 10
kN/m. Use material strengths f'c = 28 MPa and fy = 420 MPa for 20 mm flexure bars
enclosed in 10 mm stirrups. Round up the final answer to the next larger whole
number.

CE133P-2 Page 5
CE133P-2 Page 6
CE133P-2 Page 7
CE133P-2 Page 8
1. A simple steel connection uses one piece 22mm diameter bolt with Fv =165MPa.
The tension member is 18mm thick A36 steel (Fy=248MPa, Fu=400MPa) and
the gusset plate is 19mm thick A572 steel (Fy= 290MPa, Fu=415Mpa). The clear
distance of the edge of the bolt hole to the edges of both tension and gusset
plate is 97mm. Determine the ​design strength​ of the connection considering
hole deformation as mode of failure. Express your answer in KN in 2 decimal
places.
Solution:
2.4Fudt
Check niyo for both gusset plate and tension member.
Check niyo if sino naggovern
Tas times niyo by 0.75
Ano nakukuha niyong answer?

Naggovern sakin yung Tension dito

Sakin din tension, tapos multiply na lang sa 0.75? 285.12 ba?
Yup yup same tayo 285.12 kN naget ko <<<< SAME

2. Two 10mm thick steel plates are to be welded by an E60xx electrode. Based
from AISC requirement, what is the minimum size of weld allowed?
Answer:

8 mm

6 mm

5 mm

3 mm

3.
Two 12mm thick steel plates are to be welded by an E60xx electrode. Based from AISC
requirement, what is the maximum size of weld allowed?
12 mm
11.6 mm
10 mm
10.4 mm
4. What is the tensile strength of an E60XX electrode?

Answer: 60 KSI ​415 MPA

5. An angular steel section is connected to a gusset plate using 3 lengths of welds

AB, CD and DE. The fillet weld is 5mm in size using electrode E60xx with tensile
strength of 415MPa. If the length of weld CD (i.e. c=58mm) is changed to 58mm
and length of welds AB and DE are 276mm and 193mm respectively, calculate
the eccentricity in millimeters of the applied load Pu shown. Express your answer
in 2 decimal places. Note: Length of welds are not drawn into scale.
Solution

(58+276+193)ybar= 58x(58/2) + 276(100)

Inde ba 1000 yan?
Answer: ​55.563 - 29 = 26.56mm
(hindi ba dapat 276(100) na lang?) ref point ko ung sa D, so ung CD wala na and
DE?
6. A simple steel connection uses one piece 22mm diameter bolt with Fv =165MPa.
The tension member is 11mm thick A36 steel (Fy=248MPa, Fu=400MPa) and
the gusset plate is 10mm thick A572 steel (Fy= 290MPa, Fu=415Mpa). The
distance of the center of the bolt hole to the edges of both tension and gusset
plate is 124mm. Determine the ​nominal strength​ of the connection considering
shear tear-out as mode of failure. Express your answer in KN in 2 decimal
places.
Solution:

1.2Fu lc t

lc = le - (dbolt +2 or 3 / 2)

Mas crit daw sa gusset

Check niyo for both tension and gusset plate

7.
8.
Answer: 50.6985
Sqrt of Rty^2 + Rtx^2

9. From the given figure below, if the given P=106KN, e=273mm, a=139mm and
b=111mm, calculate the maximum shear force on bolts due to eccentric load in KN?
Express your answer in 2 decimal places.
Solution: with Rd SAME sa 8 but with Direct Load ​san idadagdag yung direct load
sa rtx ba or rty? RTY po RTY ata thankssss
sqrt[(RTX)^2 + (Rd+RTY)^2] thanksiess TAMA BA?? Thank you Opoooo yes
master
10. is a type of fastener installed by heating to a light cherry-red color, inserting it into a hole and
then applying pressure to the preformed head while at the same time squeezing the plain
end to form a rounded head.
Rivets
11. On a fillet weld, the normal distance from the root to the theoretical face of the weld is called
the ​__​ of the weld.
Throat
12. Fillet welds are weaker in shear than in tension and compression.
True
13. The effective area of fillet welds shall be taken as the effective length times the effective
throat thickness.
True

14. A simple steel connection uses 6-16 mm diameter bolts with Fv = 203MPa. The
tension member is A36 steel (Fy = 248 MPa, Fu = 400 MPa) and the gusset plate is
A572 steel (Fy = 290 MPa, Fu = 415 Mpa). Determine the design strength of the
connection considering shear on bolts as mode of failure. Express your answer in
KN in 2 decimal places.
Solution:
Rn= Fnv Ab = 203(pi/4 x 16^) = 40.81557176 kN
Design = 0.75 Rn (no of bolts) = 0.75(40.81557176)(6)
Design strength = 183.67 kn

15.An angular steel section is connected to a gusset plate using 3 lengths of welds AB, CD
and DE. The fillet weld is 5mm in size using electrode E60xx with tensile strength of
415MPa. If the length of weld CD (i.e. c=58mm) is changed to 43mm and length of welds
AB and DE are 259mm and 155mm respectively, calculate the​ magnitude of shear force
due to direct load alone​ in Newtons per millimeter length of weld. Express your answer in
2 decimal places.
Note: Length of welds are not drawn into scale.
Solution:
185000/ (43+259+155)

A 150mm x 7.8mm steel plate is to be used as a tension member as shown. The steel is
A36 with Fy=248MPa and Fu=400MPa. The plate is bolted using 6-20mm diameter
bolts with nominal shear stress, Fnv of 375MPa. If the ratio of its liveload to deadload is
2.40, calculate the maximum service liveload in KN that the connection can carry
considering bearing alone? Express your answer in 2 decimal places.
ANO FORMULA BA NITO
KAIN NA LANG TAYO A36 STEEL
Nagkaiba lang tayo sa length e :(
Ano thickness? 7.8
Goodluck bois

A simple steel connection uses one piece 22mm diameter bolt with Fv =165MPa. The tension member is 18mm
thick A36 steel (Fy=248MPa, Fu=400MPa) and the gusset plate is 19mm thick A572 steel (Fy= 290MPa,
Fu=415Mpa). The clear distance of the edge of the bolt hole to the edges of both tension and gusset plate is
97mm. Determine the design strength of the connection considering hole deformation as mode of failure. Express
your answer in KN in 2 decimal places.

2.4(0.75) (Fu)(d)(t) lang ata yan sir

Pipiliin kung ano mas mababa sa tension member or gusset plate ba? Na hole deformation?

Oo sir sa p

agkakaintindi ko

Ty mga sir (285.12 ba?) eto na solve ko pag hole deformation sa pag kakaalam ko di na need iplus 2 or plus 3 basta
yung mismong diameter na.

Ah ok ok salamat brad. Thanks thanks!

Connecting unusual members such as pipes is easier by welding than by bolting.

TRUE

The effective area of fillet welds shall be taken as the effective length times the effective
throat thickness.

True
Bearing ng tension member lng to noh mga lodi?

From the given figure below, if the given P=128KN, e=262mm, a=116mm and b=126mm, calculate the
maximum shear force on bolts due to direct load alone in KN? Express your answer in 2 decimal
places.-

128/4 gawa ko dito

Fillet welds are weaker in shear than in tension and compression.

True
Pano po gagawin dito mga sir?

A simple steel connection uses one piece 22mm diameter bolt with Fv =165MPa. The tension member is
11mm thick A36 steel (Fy=248MPa, Fu=400MPa) and the gusset plate is 10mm thick A572 steel (Fy=
290MPa, Fu=415Mpa). The distance of the center of the bolt hole to the edges of both tension and gusset
plate is 124mm. Determine the nominal strength of the connection considering shear tear-out as mode of
failure. Express your answer in KN in 2 decimal places.
Two 12mm thick steel plates are to be welded by an E60xx electrode. Based from AISC
requirement, what is the maximum size of weld allowed?

11.6 mm

10.4 mm

12 mm

10 mm

The allowable shearing strength of weld metal is taken ___ of FExx.

50%

60%

30%

40%

Two 10mm thick steel plates are to be welded by an E60xx electrode. Based from AISC
requirement, what is the minimum size of weld allowed?

6 mm

8 mm

5 mm

3 mm

From the given connection below, P=57KN, x=248mm, y=60mm and z=81mm, calculate the maximum
shear force on welds due to eccentric load in N/1mm length? Express your answer in 2 decimal places
What is the tensile strength of an E60XX electrode?

550
MPa

248
MPa

415 MPa

485
MPa

.
Alam niyo po ba kung pano ito mga sir?

From the given connection below, P=76KN, x=186mm, y=123mm and z=98mm, calculate the maximum
shear force on welds due to moment alone in N/1mm length? Express your answer in 2 decimal places.

From the given connection below, P=34KN, x=214mm, y=93mm and z=117mm, calculate the maximum
shear force on welds due to direct load alone in N/1mm length? Express your answer in 2 decimal places.
Nasolve niyo na to

As per code provision, the center to center spacing between bolts is preferably ____.

1.5* bolt
diameter

2* bolt diameter

3* bolt diameter

4* bolt diameter

On a fillet weld, the normal distance from the root to the theoretical face of the weld is
called the ____ of the weld. Throat?
Two 10mm thick steel plates are to be welded by an E60xx electrode. Based from AISC
requirement, what is the minimum size of weld allowed?

6 mm

3 mm

5 mm

8 mm
MODULE 3 – QUIZ1
Fillet welds are weaker in shear than in tension and compression. True

Two 10mm thick steel plates are to be welded by an E60xx electrode. Based from AISC requirement, what is
the minimum size of weld allowed? 5 mm

Two 12mm thick steel plates are to be welded by an E60xx electrode. Based from AISC requirement, what is
the maximum size of weld
allowed?

___ is a type of fastener installed by heating to a light cherry-red color, inserting it into a hole and then
applying pressure to the preformed head while at the same time squeezing the plain end to form a rounded
head. Rivet

(True or False). Connecting unusual members such as pipes is easier by welding than by bolting. True
An angular steel section is connected to a gusset plate using 3 lengths of welds AB, CD and DE. The fillet weld
is 5mm in size using electrode E60xx with tensile strength of 415MPa. If the length of weld CD (i.e. c=58mm)
is changed to 43mm and length of welds AB and DE are 343mm and 193mm respectively, calculate the
magnitude of shear force a.) due to direct load alone, b.) due to moment alone, c.) due to eccentric load in
Newtons per millimeter length of weld.
Express your answer in 2 decimal places.

( ) ( )

̅ ( ) ̅

An angular steel section is connected to a gusset plate using 3 lengths of welds AB, CD and DE. The fillet weld
is 6.4mm in size using electrode E60xx with tensile strength of 415MPa. If the length of weld CD (i.e.
c=58mm) is changed to 58mm and length of welds AB and DE are 254mm and 199mm respectively, calculate
the design strength in Newtons per millimeter length of weld. Express your answer in 2 decimal places. Note:
Length of welds are not drawn into scale.

[ ]
From the given figure below, if the given P=126KN, e=224mm, a=171mm and b=119mm, calculate the
maximum shear force on bolts a.) due to direct load alone, b.)
due to moment alone c.) due to eccentric load in KN? Express
your answer in 2 decimal places.

*( ) ( ) +

( ) ( )
√( ) ( )

( ) ( )
√( ) ( )
From the given connection below, P=33KN, x=247mm, y=133mm and z=120mm, calculate the
maximum shear force on welds a.) due to direct load
alone, b.) due to moment alone, c.) due to eccentric load
in N/1mm length? Express your answer in 2
decimal places.

( )

* ( )+ * ( ) ( ) +

( ) ( )
√( ) ( )

( ) ( )
√( ) ( )

A simple steel connection uses 5-16 mm diameter bolts with Fv = 209MPa. The tension member is
A36 steel (Fy = 248 MPa, Fu = 400 MPa) and the gusset plate is A572 steel (Fy = 290 MPa, Fu = 415
Mpa). Determine the design strength of the connection considering shear on bolts as mode of
failure. Express your answer in KN in 2 decimal places.

* ( ) +

A simple steel connection uses one piece 22mm diameter bolt with Fv =165MPa. The tension member is
11mm thick A36 steel (Fy=248MPa, Fu=400MPa) and the gusset plate is 16mm thick A572 steel (Fy=
290MPa, Fu=415Mpa). The clear distance of the edge of the bolt hole to the edges of both tension and
gusset plate is 146mm. Determine the design strength/nominal strength of the connection considering hole
deformation as mode of failure. Express your answer in KN in 2 decimal places.

A 150mm x 18.4mm steel plate is to be used as a tension member as shown. The steel is A36 with
Fy=248MPa and Fu=400MPa. The plate is bolted using 6-20mm diameter bolts with nominal shear stress, Fnv
of 375MPa. If the ratio of its liveload to deadload is 2.40, calculate the maximum service liveload in KN that
the connection can carry considering a.) bearing alone, b.) bolt shear alone?

( )
( )

On a fillet weld, the normal distance from the root to the theoretical face of the weld is called the __ of the
weld. Throat

What is the tensile strength of an E60XX electrode? 415 Mpa

The allowable shearing strength of weld metal is taken as ___ of Fexx. 60%

As per code provision, the center to center spacing between bolts is preferably ___. 3* bolt diameter
MODULE 3 – QUIZ2
1. Calculate the exact required depth “d” of a Yakal beam with b=60mm which can replace a 109mm by
211mm Apitong beam. The allowable bending stress for Apitong and Yakal are 13.8Mpa and
19.3Mpa, respectively. All dimensions are dressed. Assume lateral stability is not a problem. Express
your answer in mm in 2 decimal places.

i. Apitong
ii. Yakal

2. A circular log of 288mm diameter is used as a 4m simple beam. If the modulus of elasticity of wood is
7310 MPa and its bending strength is 13.8 MPa, calculate the maximum moment in KN-m that the
beam can carry? Express your answer in 2 decimal places.

[ ]
( )

3. Calculate the total board feet of 4 dozen pieces of 2” x 5” x 6ft. lumber. Express your answer in
whole number.

4. A cantilever wooden rectangular beam with dressed dimensions, 72mm wide by 197mm high and
3.7m long carries a load that varies uniformly from zero at the free end to 1,476N/m at the wall
support. Compute the maximum flexural stress in the beam in MPa. Express your answer in 2
decimal places.
( ) ( )
5. If a 200mm diameter Apitong wood is used as a post, Calculate the maximum safe axial load P in KN
that it could carry. Assume “short” column. Given: Fc = 9.56 MPa (parallel to grain), Fc = 2.20 MPa
(perpendicular to grain), E = 7310 MPa. Express your answer in 2 decimal places.

6. Using the "rule of thumb", calculate the recommended depth of a 2.5m span timber floor joist in
inches? Express your answer in whole number.
( )

7. A 250mm square section timber beam carries a 65KN load at midspan over a 3m simple span. If the
modulus of elasticity of wood is 7310MPa, Calculate the maximum deflection of the beam in mm?
express your answer in 1 decimal place.

( )

8. In timber columns, the buckling factor used for both ends fixed supports is ___%.
65

9. True/ False : Wooden post is stronger when load is perpendicular to the grains.
FALSE

10. A 150mm diameter fixed-hinged timber column, 3.2m long has Ew=7310 MPa and Fc=9.56 MPa. The
column is classified as ___ column.
long

11. What is the tagalog term for timber floor joist?

suleras

12. A 100mm x 200mm rectangular timber beam 6m long carries a uniform load of 32KN/m. An
additional timber short column is placed under the beam's midspan to limit midspan deflection to
10mm. If both beam and column is made of Yakal wood with Ew=9.78GPa and Fc parallel to the grain
is 15.8MPa, Calculate the minimum exact diameter of the column needed . Express your answer in 2
decimal places.
( ) ( )

13. A rectangular timber beam having a simple span of 3.2m carries a 5.18KN concentrated load at
midspan. Given Fb=8.3MPa and Ew=7310MPa, calculate the exact minimum depth in millimeters of
the section using b=100mm considering flexure and lateral stability requirements. Express your
answer in 2 decimal places.
202.11

( )
( ) ( )

( )

14. A timber circular column with fixed-hinged ends has a length of 3.10meters. Design the minimum
exact diameter of the column in millimeters to resist a load of 72.6KN. Given Fc=9.56MPa (parallel to
the grain) and Ew=7310MPa. Express your answer in 2 decimal places.

( ) ( )

15. A triangular wooden joist in a loading platform is 4m. It has a simple support at one end and at a
point 1.0m from the other end. The supports are 3m apart and the joist overhangs 1.0m. The joist
carry a load of 1,437N/m including its own weight. Calculate the exact required depth of the section
in millimeters if
the base of the
section is
50mm so as
not to exceed
the allowable
bending stress
of 14MPa?
Express your
answer in 2
decimal places.
16. A triangular wooden joist in a loading platform is 4m. It has a simple support at one end and at a
point 1.0m from the other end. The supports are 3m apart and the joist overhangs 1.0m. The joist
carry a load of 1,352N/m including its own weight. Calculate the exact required depth of the section
in millimeters if the base of the section is 50mm so as not to exceed the allowable shear stress of
0.54MPa? Express your answer in 2 decimal places.

SECOND ATTEMPT

1. A 3.6m fixed-hinged timber column is made of Apitong wood with the following properties: Fc = 9.56
MPa (parallel to grain), Fc = 2.20 MPa (perpendicular to grain), E = 7310 MPa. If it has a rectangular
cross section with dressed dimensions b=129mm and d=188mm, compute the actual slenderness
ratio of the column. Express your answer in 1 decimal place.

2. A circular log of 282mm

diameter carries a 23KN load at
midspan over a 3m simple span. If the
modulus of elasticity of wood is
7310MPa, calculate the maximum
shearing stress of the beam in MPa?
express your answer in 2 decimal places.
( )

( )

( )

3. A circular log of 221mm diameter is used as a 4m simple beam. If the modulus of elasticity of wood is
7310 MPa and its bending strength is 14.7 MPa, calculate the maximum moment in KN-m that the
beam can carry? Express your answer in 2 decimal places.

( )

---

4. A floor joist 50mmx 200mm has a span of 5m. If it carries a total floor load of 5kPa.Determine the
spacing of the joist in mm to develop a bending stress of 8 MPa. Express your answer in whole
number millimeter.

( )

----

A timber column 7m long and is laterally supported at a point 3m from the bottom carries an axial load of
260KN. If the allowable stress parallel to the grain is 10.43MPa and modulus of elasticity of wood is
13800MPa, calculate the maximum limit of the slenderness ratio which would indicate its limit between a
long column and an intermediate column? Express your answer in to 2 decimal places.

√ √

If a 193mm diameter Apitong wood is used as a post, Calculate the maximum safe axial load P in KN that it
could carry. Given: Fc = 9.56 MPa (parallel to grain), Fc = 2.20 MPa (perpendicular to grain), E = 7310 MPa.
Express your answer in 2 decimal places. The post is both ends fixed with height of 5.3 meters.
√ √

( )

( )