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Kinematics in One Dimension

This document provides an overview of kinematics, which describes motion without considering forces. It defines key terms like displacement, velocity, acceleration, and their relationships. Examples of constant acceleration are shown, including formulas and sample problems calculating average velocity and time elapsed. Additional practice problems cover topics like average speed over a round trip, time for an object to fall, and calculating position and acceleration vectors of an object moving in the xy-plane.

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Yves Caraang
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82 views

Kinematics in One Dimension

This document provides an overview of kinematics, which describes motion without considering forces. It defines key terms like displacement, velocity, acceleration, and their relationships. Examples of constant acceleration are shown, including formulas and sample problems calculating average velocity and time elapsed. Additional practice problems cover topics like average speed over a round trip, time for an object to fall, and calculating position and acceleration vectors of an object moving in the xy-plane.

Uploaded by

Yves Caraang
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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KINEMAT

ICS
Motion in One Dimension
KINEMATICS
is a branch of classical mechanics that
describes the motion of points, bodies
(objects), and systems of bodies (groups
of objects) without considering the
forces that caused the motion.

• Kinema means movement in Greek


• Mathematical description of motion
• Position
• Time Interval
• Distance
• Speed
• Displacement
• Velocity; absolute value: speed
• Acceleration
• Averages of the latter two quantities
Three properties of Motion
1. Displacement - the straight line distance between two points. ΔX = (Xf -
Xi)
2. Velocity – the change in Displacement in terms of Time.
3. Acceleration –the change in velocity with respect to time (a vector
quantity).

➢ Vector Quantity requires both Direction and Magnitude


➢ Scalar Quantity has numerical value but NO DIRECTION
Velocity
• Velocity has a magnitude (a value) and a direction. The
unit for velocity is meters per second (m/s).

Note: for constant acceleration the


Ave. Velocity can also be expressed
as:
Formula for Constant
Acceleration
Sample Problem
• A car passes telephone pole number 1, located 20.0 m
down the street from the corner lamp post, at a time t1 =
8.00 s. It then passes telephone pole number 2, located
80.0 m from the lamp post, at a time of t2 = 16.0 s. What
was the average velocity of the car between the positions 1
and 2?

t = 7.5 s
Exercise Problem
• Starting from rest, a car accelerates at a constant 4.00
m/s2 for a distance of 425 m. The car is then shifted
into neutral and slows down at a rate of 2.25 m/s2.
How much time elapses between when the car starts
and when it stops?

t = 40.5 s
Exercise Problem
• A person walks first at a constant speed of 5.00 m/s along
a straight line from point A to point B and then back along
the line from B to A at a constant speed of 3.00 m/s. (a)
What is her average speed over the entire trip? (b) What is
her average velocity over the entire trip?

Speed avg = 3.75m/s


Vavg = 0
Exercise Problem
• A hot-air balloon is rising upward with a constant speed of
3.50 m/s. When the balloon is 115 m above the ground, a
passenger trying to take a picture accidentally drops his cell
phone over the side of the balloon. Ignoring air resistance,
how much time elapses before the cell phone hits the
ground?

t = 5.21 s
Exercise Problem
• A bird flies in the xy-plane with a velocity vector given by V(t) = tj ()
( ) =− + αβ γ with
• 13 2 αβ γ 2.4 sec , 1.6 sec 4.0 sec m m and m −− − =− =− =− . At t=0,
the bird is at the origin.
• a. Calculate the position and acceleration vectors of the bird as
functions of time.
• b. What is the bird’s altitude (y-coordinate) as it flies over the origin
(x=0) for the first time after
• t=0. t = 40.5 s
Thanks!
Any questions?
Credits
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