LEARNING CONTENTS

Graphical
MOTION Analysis of Motion
01
Explain the verbal description
of uniform acceleration in one
dimension and convert it to
mathematical description.

02 Explain displacement,
velocity and acceleration.
Kinematic Equations
and Graphical
Analysis of Motion
How do you know that something
is moving or in motion?
Motion - is a change of position with respect to a
point of reference and it is dependent on point
of reference.

Frame of Reference/Point of Reference - is

something that is considered fixed & used as a
comparison and it is a physical entity to which
the position & motion of an object is relative.
Position – refers to the location of an object with
respect to its origin. The position of an object
as observed by one may not be the same for
another observer.
Distance – is a scalar quantity that
refers to the total length of path taken
by an object in moving from its initial
position to final position.

Displacement – is a vector quantity that refers to

the straight-line distance between an object’s
initial and final positions, with direction toward
the final position.
Displacement versus Distance

NOTE:
Positive displacement (+∆x)-displacement to the right of the origin
Negative displacement (-∆x)-displacement to the left of the origin
Exercise
Starting from the church, a procession has to take the
following route: 50m, north; 40m, east; and 60m, north.
To go back it has to follow the same route but in the
opposite direction. What is the total distance travelled?
What is the total displacement?
How to find distance and displacement of an object in a circular path?
How to find distance and displacement of an object in a circular path?

EXAMPLE:
If you walk 5 times around a circular path with a radius of 6 m.
How much distance have you travelled and what is your displacement?

DISTANCE
Circumference d = 37.68 m (5)
C = 2πr d = 188.4 m
C = 2(3.14)(6m)
C= 37.68 m TOTAL DISPLACEMENT
=0
Exercise
For Carmina’s morning exercise, she jogged 12 times
around a circular track of radius 5.0m. Find her total
distance traveled and her displacement.
Speed – is a scalar quantity that refers to how fast an
object is moving.

Velocity – is a vector quantity that refers to the rate

of change of position.

Acceleration – is a vector quantity that refers to the

rate of change of velocity.
Ways of Describing Motion
You can describe the motion of
an object by specifying how far
something has traveled in
changing position which includes
the distance (d) and displacement
(∆x).
Ways of Describing Motion

Another way to describe motion

is through determining how fast
something is moving. This
includes the speed (v), velocity (𝒗)
and acceleration (a).
Ways of Describing Motion
Using the path taken by the moving object is
another way of describing motion which
includes the following:

(a) rectilinear – is a type of motion that

describes the movement of a particle or a
body. A body is said to experience rectilinear
motion if any two particles of the body travel
the same distance along two parallel straight
lines.
Ways of Describing Motion

(b) curvilinear – is a type of motion

that occurs when a particle travels
along a curved path.
Ways of Describing Motion

(c) angular – is a type of motion in

which the body moves along a
curved path at a constant angular
velocity.
Speed & Velocity
Speed versus Velocity

Speed and velocity are quantities based on

combination of fundamental quantities; thus
they are both derived quantities.
Speed - is the measure of how fast something is moving
- is a scalar quantity
𝑥
Formula: 𝑣 = v – speed; x – distance; t – time
𝑡

Velocity - describes how fast and in what direction an object

moves
- is the rate of motion with direction
- is a vector quantity
∆𝑥 𝑥−𝑥0
Formula: 𝑣Ԧ = =
∆𝑡 𝑡 −𝑡0
EXAMPLE:
A car travels a distance of 560 km in 5 hours. What is the
speed of the car?
𝑥
𝑣=
𝑡
560 𝑘𝑚
𝑣=
5 ℎ𝑟𝑠

𝑣 = 112 km/hr
EXAMPLE:
Manny walked 25 meters north and walked back 15 meters
south. The entire walk took him 16 seconds. What is the
speed of Manny? What is his velocity?
𝑥 40 𝑚
𝑣= 𝑣=
𝑡 16 𝑠

25𝑚 + 15𝑚 𝑣 = 2.5 m/s

𝑣=
16 𝑠
PRACTICE EXERCISE
Romeo and Juliet finally met again after a long time, they are 250 m
apart and start walking toward each other at 2 m/s and 6 m/s
respectively. How long will it take for them to meet? Find their
corresponding distance travelled.
𝑥 𝑥
𝑣= 𝑣=
𝑡 𝑡

tv = 𝑥 tv = 𝑥
or
𝑥
t= x = 𝑡𝑣
𝑣
PRACTICE EXERCISE
Romeo and Juliet finally met again after a long time, they are 250 m
apart and start walking toward each other at 2 m/s and 6 m/s
respectively. How long will it take for them to meet? Find their
corresponding distance travelled.
𝑥 250 𝑚
t= 𝑡=
𝑣
8 𝑚/𝑠
250 𝑚
t= 𝑚 𝑚
𝑡 = 31.25 s
(2 +6 )
𝑠 𝑠

250 𝑚
t=
8 𝑚/𝑠
PRACTICE EXERCISE
Romeo and Juliet finally met again after a long time, they are 250 m
apart and start walking toward each other at 2 m/s and 6 m/s
respectively. How long will it take for them to meet? Find their
corresponding distance travelled.
x = 𝑡𝑣 x = 𝑡𝑣
X of Romeo = 31.25 s (2m/s) X of Juliet = 31.25 s (6m/s)
= 62 .5 m = 187.5 m
PRACTICE EXERCISE
A lady passenger steps on one end of a moving sidewalk in an airport
terminal. The sidewalk is 50.0m long and is moving at 1.25 m/s. Find
the time taken by the lady to reach the other end of the sidewalk
a. If the lady is standing still and,
b. If she walks at 1.50 m/s relative to the moving sidewalk and in the
same direction as the sidewalk.
PRACTICE EXERCISE
From the last example, How long will it take a passenger walking at
1.0m/s relative to the sidewalk, in the opposite direction, to reach
the other end of the sidewalk?
Acceleration
Acceleration
Acceleration - is defined as the change in velocity (speed) divided
by the time interval
- indicates how fast the velocity of a body changes
Note: v > v0 = +a →the body moves at
∆𝑣 𝑣−𝑣0 a faster rate
Formula: 𝑎 = =
∆𝑡 𝑡 v < v0 = -a → the body moves at a
Wherein: a = acceleration slower rate
v = final velocity
v0 = initial velocity
t = time
When does acceleration happen?

Below are the factors that should be present so

that acceleration will happen.

❑ changing speed but direction remains the same

❑ constant speed but changing direction
❑ changing speed and direction
Deceleration
when an object is slowing down

-For an object moving to the right along the positive x-axis and
slowing down, the acceleration is negative which point to the
left.
- Magnitude of velocity is decreasing.
EXAMPLE:
A bike accelerates from 15 m/s to 45 m/s in 5 sec.
Calculate the acceleration of the bike.
v = 45 m/s t=5s 𝑣−𝑣0
v0 = 15 m/s
𝑎 =
𝑡
Solution:
𝑚 𝑚 𝑚
𝑎 = 6 𝑚/𝑠2
45 −15 30
𝑠 𝑠 𝑠
𝑎= 𝑎=
5𝑠 5𝑠
EXAMPLE:
A truck changed its speed from 25 km/hr to 45 km/hr in 40
seconds. Calculate the acceleration of the truck. Convert
your answer in m/s2
v = 45 km/hr t = 40 s 𝑣−𝑣0
𝑎=
v0 = 25 km/hr 𝑡

Solution: 𝑘𝑚 𝑎 = .50 𝑘𝑚/hr/s

𝑘𝑚 𝑘𝑚
45 −25 20
ℎ𝑟 ℎ𝑟 ℎ𝑟
𝑎= 𝑎=
40 𝑠 40 𝑠
EXAMPLE:
Solution: Convert answer to m/s2
𝑎 = .50 𝑘𝑚/hr/s

.50𝑘𝑚 1000 𝑚 1 hr 1 𝑚𝑖𝑛

X X X
ℎ𝑟⋅𝑠 1 𝑘𝑚 60 𝑚𝑖𝑛 60 𝑠

𝑎 = 0.138 𝑚/𝑠2 or 0.14 𝑚/𝑠2

Motion in a Straight Line
Uniformly Accelerated
Uniform Motion
Motion
Velocity is constant, Acceleration is constant
acceleration is zero.
a= vf-vi
X=vt t
Vf= Vi+ at
Dx= vt dx= Vit + ½ at2
Vf2= Vi2 + 2ad
Motion in a Straight Line
Uniform Motion
Motion in a Straight Line
Uniformly Accelerated Motion
Exercise
A racer accelerates from rest at a constant
rate of 2.0 m/s2
a. How fast will the racer be going at the end of 6.0s?
b. How far has the racer traveled during this time?
Exercise
A car has uniformly accelerated from rest to a
speed of 25 m/s after traveling 75 m. What is its
acceleration?
An airplane from rest accelerates on a runway at.
5.50 m/s2 for 20.25 s until it finally takes off the
ground. What is the distance covered before takeoff?
Arnold’s jeepney from rest accelerates
uniformly over a time of 3.25 s and covers
a distance of 15 m. Determine the
acceleration of the jeepney.
Objects at free fall exhibit
uniformly accelerated motion.

The acceleration due to

gravity is 9.8m/s2

It is a constant acceleration
for all falling bodies,
regardless of their mass and
weight.
UAM:
Vertical
dimension
Signs of Vectors and their Meaning
Quantity + -
Viy Moving up Moving down

Vfy Moving up Moving down

d Located above Located below point

point of release of release
SAMPLE PROBLEM
A ball is dropped from the top of a building 100
meters from the ground. What is the velocity
after 1s? 2s? 10s? 100s?
SAMPLE PROBLEM
A ball is thrown down from a height of 1 m
with an initial velocity of -1m/s. What is its
velocity as it hits the ground?
SAMPLE PROBLEM
A boy tosses a coin upward with a velocity of
+14.7 m/s.
Find:
a. The maximum height
b. Time of flight
c. Velocity when the coin returns to the hand.
Suppose the boy failed to catch the coin and
the coin goes to the ground. With what
velocity will it strike the ground? The boy’s
hand is 0.49 m above the ground.
SAMPLE PROBLEM
A ball is thrown upward with an initial speed
of 1m/s. It is released from a point 1m above
the ground. Where is the ball after0.5s?
SAMPLE PROBLEM
A kangaroo can jump to a height of 1.5 m in
hunting for food. Determine the takeoff speed of
the kangaroo.
SAMPLE PROBLEM
Zeddy is playing with a ball on top of a building
but the ball fell and hits the ground after 2.6 s.
What is the final velocity of the ball just before it
hits the ground and how high is the building?