WHAT IS

PHYSICS?
 Is the study of everyday
phenomenon
 Is a study of matter and
energy and their
relationship
COMMON QUANTITIES
AND STANDARD UNITS
OF MEASUREMENT
Quantity Symbol Unit
Length l m(meter)
Mass m kg(kilogram)
FUNDAMENTAL Time t s(second)
QUANTITIES Electric I A(ampere)
current
Temperature T K(kelvin)
(absolute)
Amount of mol(mole)
substance
Luminous I cd(candela)
intensity
Quantity Symbol Unit
Area A m2(square meter)
Volume V m3(cubic meter)

DERIVED Density D Kg/m3(kilogram per

cubic meter
QUANTITIES Speed/ v/v m/s(meter per
Velocity second
Acceleration a m/s2(meter per
second squared
Pressure P N/m2 (Pa, pascal)
Work W N.m (J, joule)
Power P N.m/s (W,watt
CONVERT

• A. 35 Gigabytes into kilobytes

• B. 9.8 m/s² into ft/min²
• C. 145 km/s into mi/h
• D. What is the height in centimeters of a person
who is 5 feet and 7 inches tall.
SCALAR AND VECTOR
QUANTITY
•A scalar quantity is a quantity that is
described by a magnitude.
SCALAR QUANTITY
• Some examples of scalar quantities are the following:
• 40 kg, which describes a mass
• 30 min, which tells time
• 5 km, which shows distance
• 27⁰C, which gives the temperature
VECTOR QUANTITY

•A vector quantity is a quantity that is

completely described by both
magnitude and direction.
VECTOR QUANTITY
• Some examples of vector quantities are the following:
• 80km/h E, which tells the velocity of a vehicle ( the
magnitude is 80 km/h and the direction is East)
• 20N upward, which describes a force of 20N
(magnitude)directed upward
• 1 m/s2 to the right, which expresses the acceleration of a
moving object with a magnitude of 1 m/s2 directed to the
right
VECTOR REPRESENTATION
• A vector quantity always has a starting point and an
endpoint. The two endpoints of the given line segment
are distinguishable as and. It represents a directed line
segment.
• a
A B
• The directed line segment with an initial point A and
terminal point B is symbolically denoted as AB in bold.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SCALAR AND
VECTOR QUANTITY
Vector Quantity
Scalar Quantity
It has both magnitude and the
It has magnitude only
direction
It does not have direction
It has direction
It is specified by a number
It is also specified by a number along
and a unit
with the direction and unit
It is represented by quantity
It is represented by quantity symbol
symbol
in bold or with the arrow sign above
ACTIVITY
Which one is a vector quantity? Scalar quantity

• 1. 100 m² • 5. 250 newtons

• 2. 120 km/h East of • 6. 15mi/s
• 7. 410 kg.m/s west
Batanes
• 3. 3000 dynes***
downwards
• 4. 1 g/cm³
MECHANICS

• The sub-branch of classical physics that is

concerned with the forces acting on bodies.
• Mechanics is divided into Statics, Kinematics,
and Dynamics.
MECHANICS

• Statics which focuses on the way in which forces

combine with each other so as to produce equilibrium.
• Kinematics which focuses on the motion of the body
without regard to the cause of that motion
• Dynamics which focuses on the way in which force
produces motion.
MOTION
• Is define as the movement of an object.
• Motion is exhibited by a change in position.
• The motion of an object traveling in a straight path is
called rectilinear motion;
• Object traveling in a curved path is called curvilinear
motion
• Object travelling at certain angels is called angular motion
KINEMATICS

• The study that deals with the description of motion.

• Kinematics uses the following basic concepts of
motion;
• Distance, displacement, speed, velocity and
acceleration .
MOTION IS RELATIVE
• Everything moves. Even things that appear to be at rest
move. For us to adequately describe motion, we must be
able to check where the body is located within the given
frame of reference.
• A reference frame is a physical entity such as the earths
surface, the deck of a ship or a moving vehicle, to which
the position of motion of an object is relative.
Distance and Displacement
On his way to school,
Jed traveled 100m
North, 300 m East, 100
m North, 100 m East,
100 m North.
a. Find the total
displacement traveled
by Jed.
b. Determine the
displacement made by
Jed.
SPEED AND VELOCITY

• The motion of an object can only be described by

determining how fast or how slow it moves. The
measure of how fast something is moving is knows as
speed.
• Speed is the rate at which distance is covered in a given
time.
• The speed at any instant is called instantaneous
speed.
Average speed (v)= distance travelled (m)
Total time elapsed (s)

v= d2 - d1= Δd
t2 - t1 Δt
v= vi + vf
2
When a direction is associated with speed you will
have a new quantity known as velocity
SAMPLE PROBLEM 1
• Rachel watches a thunderstorm from her window.
She sees the flash of lightning bolt and begins
counting the seconds until she hears a clap of
thunder 5.0 seconds later. Assume that the speed of
sound in air is 340.0 m/s and the light was seen
instantaneously. How far away was the lighting
bolt?
ACCELERATION: CHANGING
VELOCITY

• An object is accelerating when it speeds up,

slows down (usually called deceleration) or
changes in direction.
• Acceleration is the rate of change in velocity at
a given time.
Acceleration = change in velocity (m/s)
elapsed time(s)

a= Δv
Δt
a= vf - vi
t
SAMPLE PROBLEM

• Michael is driving his sports car at 30m/s when he

sees a dog on the road ahead. He slams on the
brakes and comes to a stop in 3.0 seconds. What
was the acceleration of Michael's car.
KINEMATICS EQUATIONS: QUANTITATIVE
DESCRIPTION OF MOTION

Equation 1 v= d
t
Equation 2 v= vf + vi
2
Equation 3 a= vf – vi
t
KINEMATICS EQUATIONS: QUANTITATIVE
DESCRIPTION OF MOTION

v= d
t
Derived d= v.t
EQUATION 4 d= vf + vi t
2

EQUATION 5 d= vit + at²

2
EQUATION 6 d= vf² - vi²
2a
SUMMARY OF KINEMATICS EQUATIONS

• Type of motion • Behavior of Physical • Equation

Quantities
• d= constant
• Stationary object or • Constant
Object at rest displacement • v= 0

• Zero velocity • a= 0

• Zero acceleration
SUMMARY OF KINEMATICS EQUATIONS

• Type of motion • Behavior of Physical • Equation

Quantities
• d= vt
• Constant velocity or • Increasing or decreasing
uniform velocity displacement • v= Δd
• Constant velocity Δ
t
• Constant speed
• a= 0
• No change in direction
• Zero acceleration
SUMMARY OF KINEMATICS EQUATIONS

• Type of motion • Behavior of Physical • Equation

Quantities
• Constant • Increasing or decreasing • d= vit + at² or
acceleration or displacement 2
uniformly • Increasing or decreasing • d= vf² - vi²
accelerated motion • Magnitude of velocity 2a
• Constant speed but changing
direction • a= constant vf - v i
• Constant acceleration t
SAMPLE PROBLEM
• Albert is riding his scooter at a
Given:
velocity of 80km/h, when he sees an
vi= 80km/h
old woman crossing the road 45m
away. He immediately steps hard on
v f= 0

the breaks to get the maximum a = -7.5 m/s²

deceleration of 7.5 m/s². How far will Find: d
he go before stopping? Will he hit the
old woman?
PROBLEM

•A train accelerates from 30km/h to 45

km/h in 5.0 s. Find its (a) acceleration
and (b) the distance it travels during
this time.