`Subject: Mathematics (V)_ M.A/M.

Sc: Part- l, l-A/08

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Sig of Dy. Superintendent. ______
Roll No.

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Univwsity of Sargodh
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M.A/M. e Part-I, 1" Annual Exam 2008

Mathematics- V Topology & Funetionalhnalysis
aximum Marks: 40 .P Fictitious`#l.~~_,)
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`i'0 if 4'

Time Allowed: 45 Min. Sigtiatureloff(/QSO: _.___

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New Pattern Objective Par!

Note: Cutting, Erasing, overwriting and use of Lead Pencilare not allowed.

Choose the correct option. (5)

Q.1.A:
i. The set of rational nos Q is .

a. ‘Countable p/' b. Uncountable

ii.
.Union of two topygies on a non-empty set .

a. is a topology b. May not be a topology

iii. The cofinite topology and the discrete topology on a finite set X
b. Coincide M c. Not Covincide '
a. Not comparable *_

iv. A complete normed space is called a _

J./b7Banaeh space c. Quotient space

a. I-lilbeit space
V. “xii is
a. The distance ofx from the origin eb. Absolute value of x..
(510)
ll: Mark true or false.
T
i If T, and T2 are topologies on X, Then T, HT, is also a topology on X. f
complete. T
ii. X = (0,l) as a subspace of the real line with usual metric is
a subsequence (x,,,,) also
iii. lf a sequence (x,,) in (X, cl) converges to a point x, then
'l` l`
fzonverges to x.
lf A is closed in X, then the derived set ofA may not be contained in A.
'l"
iv.
F
X = {l,2), then {l} is open in (X, J) if] is a cofinite topology
on X. 'l`
v.
is open in 'l` F
A subspace Y of a complete metric space (X, d) is complete if
Y X.
vi.
[O,l] 00c+ ay E C, T F
vii. A subset C ofa linear space N is convex if ‘r/x,yE-C and (IE

viii A linear functional :N -9 F is said to be continuous at a point xo E N, if given

f
i¢> 0,3 (1.5 > 0 such mm we
N\\.f-x,,|\< e=>|f(x)~f(x,,)| < 5. 'r F
= 0 'l` F
ix. Let V be an inner product space and x e V, then <r x> ,

'
x. Let VQF) be an inner product space, then x, y E V, and
_aG F:><;r,uy >= a<x,y>. 'l` l

(S)
C: Fill in the blanks.
i. lf a Topological space has Cofinite Topology, then every infinite subset is
./’ /
_____..;____-_¢--
ii. A subset A ofa Topological space X is called dense in X if '.»

real line locally connec,ted`but not

iii. The union of two disjoint open intervals on the is
ll Q_ /~ gr`J
,

wi
A space in which every Cauchy sequence converges is called
If f 'L
iv.
v. A linear functionalfwith domain D(/) in a norrncd space is continuous
iff‘j" is

`
l’.T.'
1
~
,

Give short answers. (20)

Let X be a topological space and /l, BCX, prove that A C I3 -> ,Il C If

State the Heine-Borel Theorem.

s _ s __ as ___,_ _ Nl
51 Q, ll; l (5 ‘V UL rf' li kj GJ] T" ___@J QQA
“lfI -\
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Show that rt discrete metric space is complete.
E

Let X be aiCofinite topological space and A C X. Iincl fl 2 ,R t

( sex __, e e__e ______

Let X = (ri, /1, cl. Show that D’ = l`((l./)*),(Ll,(,`)}Cilll’l. be a liaise lor any topology on X.

Let X be a discrete space and Y any topological space, Then any _/`:X -> Y is
continuous. at

Show that the real line with usual topology is separable.

l 5
t
;
!
Z

Show that the real line is a normecl space. E

v

l1
i

Define a linear operator. Sliovti that the identity function I :N -> N is a linear operator.

Let V be an inner product space and .eye V, if x _l_ y, then prove ||x+ yllz = +l\y||2_

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M.A/l\fl.Sc Part.-l,,1S' Annual Exam Mi

2008 Merging Mart and maths

lvlallieniaticsgjf lgpolqgy & Functional Analgis
i\/laximum Marks: 60
Time Allowed: 2:15 Hours

Qeiv 1’attc1'/:_ §@_@'ctive Part

Note: Attempt any three questions.

Q.3. (a) Define relative topology. l_.ct (K Jy) be a subspace of (X, J). show that (IO)
l£Cl’ is a .l_,.-closed il' and only il' E = l’ li F, where F is a J~Closed subset
` ol` _
'X

(U) Define Product Topology. Let {X,:fe1}b@

a collection ol` Hausclorff (10)
spaces and let X'= 7Z,X, be the product
space, then X is Hausdorff.
QA. (a) A closed Continuous image ofa normal
spacesis normal.
(IO)
(b) A subspace Xof the real line R is connected
if and only il"X is an interval. (IO)
Q.5. (a), Show that every countably Compact
metric space is second countable.
Q

(l0)
(b) What is a complete metric space?
Show that R" is complete; ___T____
(10)
Q.6. (a)

(b)
If a normed space X has the property

M = {x

'Let T D(7`) ->

: Y
that the closed unit ball
S5l}is compact, then X is Finite dimensional.
:

be a linear operator, where D(T)

L/
Cx;
2 X, Y are normed
`
(10)

l'lO)
\

spaces, then Tis continuous iff T is bounded.

Q.7. (a) Prove that for any two elements ,r, y in an
inner product space V, (10)
|< -ff >' >I S |l~tl|-llrll '

(b) State and prove minimizing vector

Theorem] (10)

J' ) - `_'/
M

(f},) rr I
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---___-----_----»~»-~_

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Subiect: Math: V M.A/M.Sc: Part- I / Composite., 1"-A/2011
Sig of Dy. Superintendent.
- ------ - ----- - -
------ Cut Here ------ ----- ------------ --------- -

University of Sargodha
M.A/M.Sc Part-1 / Composite, 1" -A/2011.
Math: V Topology & Functional Analysis
Maximum Marks: 40 Fictitious #:
Time Allowed: 45 Min. Obiective Part Signature of CSO:
Note: Cutting, Erasing, overwriting and use of Lead Pencil are strictly prohibited. Only
first attempt will be considered.
QJ (a)Fill in the blanks io
(i) Every topological space (X, r) ,where X is finite or r consist of finite number of

elements is called ~-----~------- ------------------

(ii) An infinite set with co-finite topology is a ----- ---------- s pace.

-
(iii)Every convergent sequence will be ------- -----~-- sequence.

(iv) Any number of open set in a topological space may not be ----

(v) Every compact subset ofa l-Iausdroff space is -------------------

(vi) The norm ftmction z N -> R is --------~--------- continuous.

(vii)The space I ” has the norm defined by -~--- -------------

(viii)The basis forthe space Co

(ix)The norm function for the space of bounde

is ----
Q

f Pg s ~ =A “ *BKQQ Y f) can be defined as ----

- -------------- where X & y are normed spaces.

,

(x) If N is a norrned space of finite dimension then dimension of its conjugate space wx.;
,

be ----~---~--------

(b) Determine whether the following statements true or false '10 _

(i)Every subspace of Banach space is a Banach space.

(ii) The concept of continuity and boundedness for a linear operator coincide

(iii) The space of rational number is not complete

(iv) ,If T is a linear operator, then R(T) is a vector space.

(v)'1`he space R. with usual topology is compact.

(vi) The real line R with- usual topology is not a 11, - space.

(vii) The indiscrete space is a regular space.

(viii) A completely regular space need not be regular space.

Available at http://www.MathCity.org
(ix)The dual space of R” is R" _

(x)Every metric space will be norrned space.

Answer the following short questions. ini'
(i) lf the range of a sequence {a,,} is finite, then prove that it_ contains a convergent

subsequence_
(ii)Let A be any subset of a discete topological space, then prove that `it contains a

convergent subsequence.
(iii)Define equivalent norms.
(iv)Show by giving a counter example that arbitrary intersection of open sets need not be
open.
(v)Dete11nine whether N is complete or not? Give reason for your answer.
(vi)If a linear operator is continuous on a point, then show that it is continuous on the
whole space.
(vii)Show tat an orthonormal set is linearly independent.
(viii)'What is n- dirnensional unitary space?
(ixjShow that every normed space will be a metric space.
(x) Differentiate between dual space and secon.d dual space.

V.. ri. _,ir-. vifiii

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Available at http://www.MathCity.org
University of Sargodha
M.A/M.Sc Part-1 / Composite, 1” ¢A/20l_lp
Math: Y Topology 8; Functional Analysis
Maximum Marks: 60
Time Allowed: 2:15 Hou
Subiective Part
Note: Attempt any three questions. All questions carry equal marks.

(a) Prove that every compact subset of a l-lausdroff space is closed.

(b) Detine Lindelof space and hence show that every second countable
space is Lindelolf

(a)Let (X,z') be a topological space and A <; X .Let A” and A denote the derived set ant
closure of A respectively then A = A U A
d
.Also show that A is a closed subset of X i ff"1

A 3 Ad.

(b) Show that a bijective continuous function from compact

space to a Hausdroff space
is a homomorphism.
(a) Show that any two norms ofa linite dimensional space are equivalent.

(b) Prove that a subspace X ofa real line R is connected if and only ifX is an interval

(a) What is meant by isometric lsomorphism ,Prove that dual

Q6 space
of I, is 1°°

(b) State and prove Cauchy-Schwartz inequality for inner

product space.

(a)Define the space of C [a, b] and hence show that

C [a, b] is complete space.

(b) Does d(x’y) = hxg) _ ymid, define a metric or pseudometric on X il’X is

(i)the set of all real valued continuous functions on [a, b].'

(ii) The set of all real valued Riemann lntegrable functions
on [a, b]?
Give reasons for your answers.

Available at http://www.MathCity.org
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Roll No. Sig of Dy. Superintendent.
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,Universigy Q__f Saggodha

M.A/M.s¢ Parr-1 /Composite, 2“" -A/2010
Math- V Topology & Functional Analysis
Maximum Marks: 40
'Fictitious #:
Time Allowed: 45 Min.
Signature of CSO:
1 .Obiecrive Part

Note: Cutting, Erasing, overwriting and use of Lead Pencil are strictly prohibited.
Only first
attempt will be considered.

Q.l.A: Fill in the blanks. (10)

i. If A is a closed set then F,(A)
ii. A subset A ofa topological space X is said to be dense in X if A
iii. Every open ball 'in a_ metric sp_ace_is an
iv; Every closed ball in a metric space_Xis a
v. If (X, Sf) is a door topology then every member-of El is both
vi. For A and B subsets of a metric space if A c_; B_ implies Ad Q
vii.
Vlll.
._
Any two norms defined on a fi1iit<;___§li1ne£'§lo;xal linear space N are
For any subsets A and B of a topological spacap(X, Sf) A O B
v '»».
-_ - O -B
A
ix. _A complete normed space called i_', 5
Space.
`_....f_p

x. A complete inner product space called 3 1 space.

B: Write true or falseagainst each' statement. (10)

i. In usual metric space R the set of integers have nb limii int.
ii. ¢ and X are both open and closed sets in a metric space, -___

iii. In metric spaces a sequence_may converge to two

1v. In normed space Z” is a Banach space.
v. In metric space every convergent -sequence is a Cauchy,Sequence._
vi, Every compactsubset ofa Hausdortf space is closed. "
vii. A closed subspace ofa compact spacemay not be compact.
viii. The real line R is not connected.
ix. A completely regular space may not be regular.
x. Ai may not .be a closed subspace of Hilbert Space H.

Q.2 Give short answer of the following:

(20)
i. Discuss openfball in descretemetric space. _.

`11. In usual metric space Rtlnd AQ. and A -if A =]2,5]'

iii. If X = {a,b,c} Write discrete topology on X
iv. Discuss Cauchy Sequence in discrete metric space. _ _

v. Show that the space~Q of rationals as a subspace of real lme R is not complete.
vi. Give an example of a metiic space having two disjoint
dense subsets.
vii. If/1 and B are subsets of a rnetiic space/if then show
;
that A B implies Ad g B”
Let 7 be a topological space on N containing ¢ and all the subsets
.
viii.

ix.
En = {n, n+l,, n+2, éh of the foim
n E N , list all the opensets containing positive integer
Show that the oithonormal set is linearly independent;
6
x. For complex inner product space Vstate the polarization
identity.
University of Sargodha
M.A/M.s¢ Pan-1 / composite, z"" -A/2010
Math- V Topology & Functional Analysis
Maximum Marks: 60 Time Allowed: 2:15 Hours

Subjective Part

Note: Attempt any three questions. All questions carry equal marks.

Q.3. a. Let (X, Z?) be a topological space and A be any arbitrary subset of X then (10)

show that ii = A U Ad.

b. Prove that the closed subspaces of Lindelof space are Lindeloti (10)

Q.4. a. Every subspace of a Tychonoff Space is a T ychonoff Space. (10)

” b. _Prove that every closetl subspace ofa compact space is compact. (10)

Q-5; 21- Show that Z" is a Banach Space. (10)

b. Prove that the continuous image of a connecteclspace is=connected. (10)

Q.6. a. Prove that any two norms on a finite dimensional linear space are equivalent. (10)

b. State and prove Riesz and Fischer theorem on Hilbert Spaces. (10)

.Q.7. a. Let A be aproper complete subspace of an inner product space I/then prove (10)

&MV=A@AL
b. f
Let H be a Hilbert Space and be any linear functional on H then there is a (10)

unique y in H such that j(x) = <1:, y> for all x in H.

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Merging Man and maths “
Math: II/VII Methods of Mathematical Physics ' ~

Mzixi;1%_;ini Marks: 60 Time Allowed: 2:15 Hours

Subjective Part

" Note: Attempt any three questions. All questions carry equal marksL ’

TQ.2 er) Qiiven the following

X.
Ordinary/ Partial differential equations, state which oiithem are i

. _Tear/non linear and Homogeneous /non Homogeneous. 3 10

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l~
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O - 72' SI < O it

f(t) =
lv) Find the Fourier series for the function
- ‘ -
fr
1-

O <1 S Jr
lO it

with f(t~l-2 72' )=f(t)

2'
31

2.3 a) A-string oflength ` #3-` is stretched ljetween two fixed points and is made to 10
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dlzz
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For SL-System
e, _--I-)tux=U» OSJCSI H’
2.4 at) dxz ( ) (4-+44-2)
1,/(O) = O = u'(I) l
Verifylihe following results
iv; There are infinite numbers of ei gen values with a smallest but not largest.
vi The nth eigen function has exactly (n-l) zeroes.
vii T he ei gen functions are ortliogonal.
lu) Construct the green function of the following system EO
" q ‘gl hz q `

1% -x`)z/in--i~;~;; Ll + /tI‘(x)i¢ 0

u(l)=j‘inile
u(-41) = _/Zffzite

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`
.

-/CZFQ(/c) if Hx) is real,|f(x)|

7I.'
--> 0 and I/"(x)| -> O asx --> oo IO

N ln) To S-:dv _lie Differential Equation by using Lap Lace 'l`ransiFoi‘.ma1,i_on lO

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Sugject: Math: II/VII M.A/M.Sc: Part- II / Composite, 1” -A/2011
Roll No. Sig of Dy. Superintendent.
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Universig of Sargodha
M.A/M.Sc Part-II / Composite, 1" -A/2011
Math: II/VII Method of Mathematical Physics
Maximum Marks: 40 Fictitious #:
Time Allowed: 45 Min. Objective Part Signature of CSO:
Note:

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University of Sargodha-"‘
2
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M.A/M.Sc Part- H/Composite, 2”-A Mdlllerlyhl
2009 Merging Man and maths
Mathematics: II Methods of Mathematical
Phvsics
Marks: 60 Subjective Part Time Allowed: 2:15 Hours
Attempt any three questions.

a) Discuss the nature of Partial

Differential equation
(1 -x2)u_,x -2x3/un,
+ (1 -y2)uW + 2ux +3u_,, - Zu = O and draw its figure.
IO `
.
b) Find the .
Fourier series for the function
.
.

f (I) = -Z -E SI 0
it
x O < t S fr IO
a) Solve the non-Homogeneous §

initial/boundary value problem for i

Steady State Solution only.

Q

Q=l@-ti.
6x2
k ar
O<x<a,z>0
10
P2
u(0,t)=T, @@=o, f>o
dx
u(x,O)=T, O<x-<a
b) Let W (x, t) be the
solution ofthe equation
lO
62w=é;g

)
O<x<2a ,r>-O
c "
w(O,t)=0=w(a,i)
t>-O
w(x,O)=p(x)
_

I
O-<x<2a
Where p(x) is a function Whose
graph is a isosceles triangle
of width ‘2a’ and height ‘g ’F
ind
vv (x, t) for x=0.5a and
1 =
c
@ .

a) If W preserve the same sign '

thought out the interval [a,b], then
system show that the ei gen value of
SL-
IO
i[p%]+q(x)u+w/7.u=0
a,u(a) +0z2u'(a) = O

,6§u(b) + ,6’Zu'(b) = 0 is real

b) Construct the green function

of the following system
d2 u _ 4 x u
4 L_ _
2 x-1 dx 2x -l u +/lr(x)u
;
dxz O
Qi u(O ) = O & u(l) =O
a) lf f(x) is a real function defined over
(- oo,+oo) and the integral ff(x)cix is absolutely

l
convergent then
>
f(x) 2 if
72- O
dk
ln
Moo
Cos/c(§
` x)f(§)d§
IO

/9770
b) Show That

1) '34 I Hf(l)d,1dr
0 0
‘l

ff; f"' Tan-‘<l>

S
=-';'SiI’lf

iii) B" 'lt ’fre"dr = ----235

+1 3

l 0
(s+1) S

EQUATION” of variation
Q.6 a) State & prove “EULER LAGRANGE
equation ofthe following functions
b) Find the Euler Lagrange
F:x2y2_yf2
ii) F =\/5 +y’2
iii) F = Sin(xy')
,2 r

¢-1+yl2

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Mergingyanaand maths \
M.A/M.Sc Part- Il/Composite, 2"‘l-A/2011
Math: II/VII Methodsoof Mathematical Phvsics
Maximum Marks: 60 Time Allowed: 2:15 Hours

.Subjective Part

Note: Attempt any three questions. All questions carry equal marks.

(10)
Q.3. a. Solve the integral equation
zn
U(x) = f(x) + fl (sin x sin y) U(y)dy _

` 0

b. State and prove lagrange identity. (10)

( 10)
QA. a. Derive Euler-langrange eouation for two independent variables.

b. Find the shortest distance between points./1(li, - l, 0) and B(2, l, - 1) in the (10)

plane 15x-7y +z~22=O `

Q.5. a. If U,,,(x) and U,,(x) are the solutions of' a regular SI.,-System corresponding to (10)

distinct eigen values ,lm and in respectively, then Um(x) and U,Q(x) are
orthogonal w.r.t Wei glit function }/(rt) i.e.

ff Um(><)U,r(><)i/(><)dX i= 0 me H

b. Find the Fourier transform ofthe following (10)

__ sin x O S x S Tr

fl” n l O x > rr

Q‘6' a‘ Construct Green’s function for £;{(1 - x2)U'} -~ ~£§;U + /lr(x)U = 0 (10)

b Obtain the general method for obtaining the solution of the Fredholm integral (10)

equation of second kind when kernel is separable.

gl ‘ a - Find the Fourier transform of the Gaussian imction g(x) = N e'“"2 where N (10)

and or are constants, cz > 0. . ,,

b. Use the inversion integral (or residue) method to calculate the laplace transform (10)

of Pts) =

Available all
WWW_mathcity.or9
subiecu Math-' ru ~M.A/M.Sc: Part- 1 / composite. 2““- -A/10
Roll No. Sig of Dy. Superintendent.

.University of__&_1rgoQh_a_
M.A/M.Se Part-1 / Composite. 2““ -A/2010
Math- III Complex Analysis & Differential Geometry
Maximum Marks: 40 Obiective Part Fictitious #:
Time Allowed: 45 Min. Signature of CSO:
Note: Cutting; Erasing, overwriting and use of LeadPencil. are strictly prohibited. Only first
attempt will be considered. -,

Q.1.A: Choose the correct olption. (5)

i. The function f(z) = el Z has singularity at z = O.

a. No b. Essential c. Removable d. Isolated

ii A curve traced by a function z =~f(t) such that the intial point and the terminal point are the same
then the curve is called a :

a. Jordan Curve ~b. _Simple Curve c. _Closed Curve d._Piecewise Curve

iii. The value of the integral usually depends uponthe :_ ~`

a. Path of Integration b. Indefinite Integral. c. Line Integral d. Definite Integral

iv. The equation x = a cos 49 y = a sin6? , z = 0 is called the equation of
,
:

a. Osculating Plane b. Tangent c. Normal d. Rectifying Plane

V. [Ii ~ F 2° Fil: 0 is the equation of:
a. Principal Normal b. Rectifying Plane c. Osculating Plane d. Normal Plane

B: Fill in the Blanks._ (5) __

i. A set of ‘complex numbers- form. a

__

. ii. A complex function f is

continuous at Z = Zo; if f(Z) = _ iii. If f -Z

(Z ) == Z then the

f
range of is contained in the axis. iv. If there is a hole in the region,
then the region is called region. v. Spherical indicatrix lies on the
surface of a ,

C: Write True or False. (10)

i. A' The domain of the function f (Z) +1

is all complex numbers.

ii. Log Z = Log \Z + i 6 is a single valued function.

\

iii. The function f (Z ) = Z 2 + Z is nowhere analytic.

iv.
_1.
Em
Zn: =

v._ There are complex Z such- that |sin Z\ >l. _,

vi. There are three types of singularities.

vii. A curve axz +2hxy+by2'+_2gx+2]jé+c :O is an ellipse if hz -ab > O
viii. (R, - F) - Y = 0 is called the equation of the Normal Plane.

Available at MathCity.org
<. A curve traced on the surface of-a cylinder and cutting the generator at the constant angle is called
spherical indioatrix.
.4 The equation Q '= 5 +JJ;1_ is called the equation of principal normal.
L2. -Give short answers; I ' (20)
Define Piecewise smooth curve-. ii. Define Isolated singularity.
ii. Investigate zeros, Poles and singularities of f (Z ) = eu at Z = oo. iv. Evaluate the integral
(coshZ+Z2
dz where C :| Z |= 2 v. State Cauchy’s Integral formula. vi. Find the
(z+5)(z+3>
idius of convergence of the following Power Series Z(log n)" Z " vii. Define Multi valued function.
iii. Define one parametric family of surface. j 1ix_QProve that F".'?"”'= K (K ,- KI2
"` - K 3)
. Define equation of Normal Planey 1

Available at MathCity.org
Qgiversity ol Sargodha
M.A/M.Sc Par:-1 /Composite, z"“ -A/;o1o
Math- III Complex Analvsis & Differential Geometry;
Maximum Marks: 60 Time Allowed: 2:15 Hours

Subjective Part

Note: Attempt any _three questions in all. Selecting at _least one question from each section

-_ Section-In

Q.3. Z+1 (10)

Represent graphically all points Z s.t. =4 Find the center and radius of

the locus of Z.
(10)
Prove that Re[(1+i)'°g“*")]= 2%l°g2 e~”A C0s(§ log 2)
Q.4. from »1 to -1,
Prove that the value of I-$112 where C is a semi circular arc |Z| = 1

c
is - nior fri according to the are lies above or below the real axis.
State and prove the Argument Principal Theorem. (10)
Q.5. Prove that a bilinear transformation maps circles or straight lines into circles or (10)
straight lines.
-=° 2 ‘l (10)
Prove that ==-L Provided that R(a). is positive. What is the value
_-...,(x*+¢1’)3~ 'Sf
of this integral when R(a) is negative.

Section- II

Q.6. State and prove Meunier’s Theorem. (10)

Find the envelope of the plane (10)
¢

M
-- -_- --
X
+
a+u b+u c+u
y
+
Z
=1

where u is a parameter. Also deteimine the edge of regression.

Q.7. Prove that the normal at a point P of the e11ipsoid_ (10)
2
2
Z2 _

=1 meets the coordinate planes in Gt, G2, G3. Prove that the ratios
.

57 %
_

+ + -.7
a c'
PG1: PG2 PG; are constant.
1

(10)
Prove that thefshortest distance between the principal normal at consecutive points,
distant S apait, is and that it divides thecurvature in the ratio pl :o2.
p +0

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