Scribd
Upload
6 views

fa-assgn-2

The document presents a series of functional analysis problems and proofs related to norms, linear spaces, and properties of various function spaces. Key topics include the equivalence of norms, properties of sequences in `p spaces, and the behavior of linear operators. It also discusses the conditions under which certain spaces are Banach spaces and the implications of compactness and closure in linear spaces.

Uploaded by

varshaj2402
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
6 views

fa-assgn-2

The document presents a series of functional analysis problems and proofs related to norms, linear spaces, and properties of various function spaces. Key topics include the equivalence of norms, properties of sequences in `p spaces, and the behavior of linear operators. It also discusses the conditions under which certain spaces are Banach spaces and the implications of compactness and closure in linear spaces.

Uploaded by

varshaj2402
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

M.T.

Nair: August 2010

Functional Analysis: Assignment Problems - 2

In the following F(N, K) denotes the space of all scalar sequences.

1. Suppose k · k1 and k · k2 are equivalent norms on a vector space X, and S ⊆ X. Show


that S is open w.r.t. k · k1 iff S is open w.r.t. k · k2 .

2. For (α1 , . . . , αn ) and (β1 , . . . , βn ) in Kn , and 1 < p < ∞, show that


n n n
X X
p
1/p X 1/q 1 1
(i) |αj βj | ≤ |αj | |βj |q , + = 1,
p q
j=1 j=1 j=1
n
X 1/p n
X 1/p n
X 1/p
p p
(ii) |αj + βj | ≤ |αj | + |βj |p .
j=1 j=1 j=1

3. Let x, y ∈ `p for 1 < p < ∞. Using Problem 2(ii), show that x + y ∈ `p and
X∞ ∞
1/p X ∞
1/p X 1/p
p p
|x(j) + y(j)| ≤ |x(j)| + |y(j)|p .
j=1 j=1 j=1

4. Suppose 1 ≤ r ≤ p ≤ ∞. Show the following:


(i) `r ⊆ `p ,
(ii) kxkp ≤ kxkr for all x ∈ `r ,
(iii) lim kxkp = kxk∞ for every x ∈ c00 .
p→∞

(iv) if r < p, then `r is not a closed subset of `p .


P∞
5. For p > 0, let Xp := {x ∈ F(N, K) : kxkpp := n=1 |x(n)|
p < ∞}. Show that, if
0 < p < 1, then there exist x, y ∈ Xp such that the relation kx + ykp ≤ kxkp + kykp
does not hold.
R 1/p
b p dt
6. Show that, if 0 < p < 1, then x 7→ a |x(t)| does not define a norm on C[a, b].

7. Let X be a normed linear space, and U and V be subsets of X. Show that


(i) if one of U and V is an open set, then U + V is an open set, and
(ii) if U is compact and V is closed, then U + V is closed.

8. Let X be a linear space and ν : X → R be a seminorm.


Show that Zν = {x ∈ X : ν(x) = 0} is a closed subspace of X.

1
9. Let X be a normed linear space, X0 be a subspace of X. For x ∈ X, define
d(x, X0 ) = inf{kx − yk : y ∈ X0 }. Prove the following:
(i) d(x, X0 ) = 0 if and only if x ∈ cl(X0 ).
(ii) If X0 is closed in X and x 6∈ X0 , then d(x, X0 ) > 0.
(iii) For x ∈ X and α ∈ K, d(αx, X0 ) = |α|d(x, X0 ).

10. Let X0 be a closed subspace of a normed linear space X. Prove the following:
(i) The map ν : x 7→ dist(x, X0 ) defines a seminorm on X.
(ii) The map [x] 7→ dist(x, X0 ) defines a norm on the quotient linear space X/X0 .

11. The space P[a, b] is not a Banach space with respect to k · k∞ .

12. The space c00 is not a Banach space with respect to k · kp for any p with 1 ≤ p ≤ ∞.

13. Prove the following.


(i) x 7→ kx0 k∞ is a seminorm on C 1 [a, b].
(ii) x 7→ kxk∗ := kxk∞ + kx0 k∞ , x ∈ C 1 [a, b], defines a norm on C 1 [a, b].
(iii) C 1 [a, b] is a Banach space with respect to k · k∗ .
(iii) Show that C 1 [a, b] is not a Banach space with respect to k · k∞ .

14. Let X = C[a, b] with k · k1 and Y = C[a, b] with k · k∞ . Then the (identity) map
A : X → Y defined by Ax = x, x ∈ X, is not continuous - Why?

15. Prove the following:


(i) c00 is a proper dense subspace of `p for 1 ≤ p < ∞, and not dense in `∞ .
(ii) c00 is a proper dense subspace of c0 with respect to k · k∞ , and and not dense in c
with respect to k · k∞ .
(iii) P[a, b] is a proper dense subspace of C[a, b] with respect to k · kp for 1 ≤ p ≤ ∞.

16. Let X be an inner product space and x, y ∈ X. Show that


kx + αyk = kx − αyk ∀ α ∈ K if and only if hx, yi = 0.

17. Suppose A : X → Y is a linear operator between normed linear spaces X and Y . Show
that, if A is an open map, then it is onto.

18. Prove that a Banach space is finite dimensional if and only if every subspace of it is
closed.

You might also like