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TR111 GROUP 01 ASSIGNMENT

This practical report from the University of Dar es Salaam focuses on measuring horizontal angles using a theodolite, detailing the setup, operation, and error analysis involved in the process. Key objectives include understanding the functionality of the theodolite, measuring angles between survey stations, and analyzing potential errors. Recommendations emphasize the importance of regular calibration, proper training, and consideration of environmental conditions to ensure accurate measurements.

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4 views

TR111 GROUP 01 ASSIGNMENT

This practical report from the University of Dar es Salaam focuses on measuring horizontal angles using a theodolite, detailing the setup, operation, and error analysis involved in the process. Key objectives include understanding the functionality of the theodolite, measuring angles between survey stations, and analyzing potential errors. Recommendations emphasize the importance of regular calibration, proper training, and consideration of environmental conditions to ensure accurate measurements.

Uploaded by

jeremiahjohn653
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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UNIVERSITY OF DAR ES SALAAM

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY


DEPARTIMENT OF TRANSPORT AND GEOTECHNICAL
ENGINEERING
TR 111: ENGINEERING SURVEYING 1
PRACTICAL NO. 3: HORIZONTL ANGLE MEASUREMENT
GROUP NO. 01.
COARSE: BSCE.
S/N NAME REG. NO SIGNATURE
1 SENZIGE, ENEZA MEDARD 2024-04-10543
2 ILANI, JOANES PETRO 2024-04-02414
3 JOSEPH, JEREMIAH JOHN 2024-04-02835
4 KILUMILE, JAMES MELCHIZEDEK 2024-04-03836
5 RAMALE, JACKSON JULIUS 2024-04-09867
6 ELIHANGO, JACKLINE ISAAC 2024-04-01551
7 LIKALILO, JOHN DAVID 2024-04-04486
8 MASAKA, EMMANUEL JACKSON 2024-04-05622
9 TAIRO, JOEL JOSEPH 2024-04-11136
10 MWANKUNDA, JENIPHER JOSHUA 2024-04-08279
11 MEELA, RICHARD ROCKY 2024-04-12142
12 MBUBA, JIMISTONI JULIUS 2024-04-06176

Lecturer name: Dr.J.M. Mango


Field Supervisors:
Ms.A.S. Simon
Ms.S.A. Makuti

PRACTICAL DATE: 13/01/2025 Mr.H.K. Ismail

SUBMISSION DATE: 20/01/2025 Mr.G.J. Nchimbi


INTRODUCTION
This practical focuses on measuring horizontal angles using a theodolite. Involves setting up
and operating theodolite to measure angles between three survey stations, then identifying
quality of work, errors and ways to address them.

PRACTICAL OBJECTIVES
The main objectives of this practical exercise;

 To understand basic functionality of the theodolite and to familize with the process of
setting up, adjusting and overall operation of the theodolite in the work field.
 To measure the horizontal angle between three survey stations.
 To analyses the errors in angular measurement and qualify survey work.

PRACTICAL TASK
To measure the horizontal angles between three survey stations. The measurements taken in
the field, and the results recorded for analysis.
EQUIPMENTS
 Theodolite:
A modern, digital instrument for angle measurement.
 Tripod
To stabilize the theodolite at a fixed height.
 Three ranging poles
Tall, visible markers placed at survey stations to define specific locations and aid in
sighting. These poles help in aligning the instrument with the correct points for angle
measurements.
 Three ranging pole stands
These securely hold the ranging poles in place, ensuring they remain stable and
accurately positioned during measurements.
 Pegs
Used to mark and establish survey points on the ground, providing clear reference
positions for setting up theodolites and measuring angles.
 Hammer
Used for driving the pegs into the ground to mark survey points, ensuring they are
firmly set for use throughout the survey.
 Field book frame
Used to organize and protect the field book, where survey data, including angle
measurements and other observations, are recorded during the practical.

ADJUSTMENT OF THE EQUIPMENTS


The theodolite temporary adjusted by following the following procedures.

a) Set up the Tripod over the survey station and secure the theodolite.
b) Level the Instrument using levelling screws and the spirit level.
c) Align the Optical Plummet to centre over the survey point.
d) Re-check Alignment by rotating the instrument and adjust as needed.
e) Align with the reference direction.
FIELD PROCEDURE
1) Establishment of four points on the ground namely, X, Y and Z with distance of 40m
from P
1stset up: for measuring the interior angle XPY.
2) The theodolite temporary adjusted at P
3) Set up the ranging poles vertically at X, Y and Z
4) The theodolite oriented to X and then the angle between X and Y, between X and Z
measured and recorded considering FL and FR with initial angle of 15° at X for first
round and 30° at X for second round
2nd set up: Exterior angle measurement. Angle ZPX
5) The temporary adjusted theodolite at P oriented to Z station as reference line.
6) The angle ZPX measured considering FL and FR with initial angle of 15° at Z for first
round and 30° at Z for the second round

OPERATION
First theodolite set up (2 rounds)

 The theodolite aligned to the first station (X), and the horizontal angle recorded.
 The instrument then rotated to the next station (Y) and Z, and the angle between stations
X and Y, and X and Z measured and recorded.

Second theodolite set up (2 rounds)

 Then theodolite aligned to Z station then angle between Z and X. Recorded.

SOURCE OF ERRORS
The following were sources of errors in horizontal angle measurement practical.

 Instrument
Minor misalignments when setting up the theodolite cause slight discrepancies in angle
measurement.
 Personal
Involves parallax errors, Misreading of scales or improper handling of the instrument
could contribute to inaccuracies.
 Environmental
Wind and slight movements of the target object resulted to shifts in the sighting.
Ways to minimize.
 By Conduct surveys under favourable environmental conditions.
 By proper survey techniques and proper handling and use of equipment.
 By Double-checking readings and calculations to ensure accuracy

RESULTS AND ANALYSIS


The results obtained have provided as an attachment of horizontal angle sheet.

CONCLUSION
Proper adjustment of the theodolite ensures accurate horizontal angle measurements by
minimizing errors and improving reliability. This leads to dependable data, contributing to the
success of surveying tasks.

RECOMMENDATIONS
Regular calibration and taking multiple angle readings are key to ensuring accurate
measurements. Proper training of surveyors and routine maintenance of equipment are essential
for reliable results. Environmental conditions should also be considered to minimize their
impact on measurements.

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