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ISBN 978-0-626-34888-5
SANS 1824:2017
Edition 1.1

SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD

Beam trolleys (crawls)

WARNING
This document references other
documents normatively.

Published by SABS Standards Division

1 Dr Lategan Road Groenkloof  Private Bag X191 Pretoria 0001
Tel: +27 12 428 7911 Fax: +27 12 344 1568
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COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT

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other publications published by the SABS Standards Division, vests in the SABS. Any use of
South African National Standards is limited to use specifically prescribed by the SABS. In the case of a
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no extract or full text of any South African National Standard may be copied, reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written permission from the
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standard, of necessary details such as symbols, and size, type or grade designations. If these details
are to be used for any purpose other than implementation, prior written permission must be obtained.

Details, advice and limitations of use can be obtained from the Manager: Standards Sales and
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SABS – Standards Division

The objective of the SABS Standards Division is to develop, promote and maintain South African
National Standards. This objective is incorporated in the Standards Act, 2008 (Act No. 8 of 2008).

The SABS continuously strives to improve the quality of its products and services and would therefore
be grateful if anyone finding an inaccuracy or ambiguity while using this standard would inform the
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SANS 1824:2017
Edition 1.1

Table of changes
Change No. Date Scope
Amdt 1 2017 Amended to update referenced standards, and to update
definitions.

Foreword
This South African standard was prepared by National Committee SABS/TC 1020, Lifting
equipment, in accordance with procedures of the SABS and in compliance with annex 3 of the
WTO/TBT agreement.

This document was approved for publication in July 2017.

This document supersedes SANS 1824:2003 (edition 1).

A vertical line in the margin shows where the text has been t echnically modified by amendment
No. 1.

Annex A forms an integral part of this document.

Compliance with this document cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.

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SANS 1824:2017
Edition 1.1

Contents
Page

Foreword

1 Scope ..................................................................................................................................... 3

2 Normative references ............................................................................................................. 3

3 Definitions .............................................................................................................................. 4

4 Requirements ......................................................................................................................... 4

5 Inspection, verification and testing ......................................................................................... 8

5.1 General .......................................................................................................................... 8

5.2 Inspection ....................................................................................................................... 8
5.3 Types of verification ....................................................................................................... 8
5.4 Testing ........................................................................................................................... 9

6 Information for use ................................................................................................................. 10

7 Test certificate ........................................................................................................................ 11

8 Marking .................................................................................................................................. 12

Annex A (normative) Notes to purchasers ........................................................................... 13

Bibliography .............................................................................................................................. 13

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Edition 1.1

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SANS 1824:2017
Edition 1.1

Beam trolleys (crawls)

1 Scope
This standard specifies the requirements for beam trolleys (crawls) for lifting equipment of the
following types:

a) combined beam trolley and chain block;

b) manually propelled beam trolleys;

c) mechanically propelled beam trolleys; and

d) power driven beam trolleys.

2 Normative references
The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute
provisions of this standard. All standards are subject to revision and, since any reference to a
standard is deemed to be a reference to the latest edition of that standard, parties to agreements
based on this standard are encouraged to take steps to ensure the use of the most recent edition of
the standards indicated below. Information on currently valid national and international standards
can be obtained from the SABS.

SANS 24, Soft solders.

SANS 251, Long-link and extra long-link steel chains for general purposes.

SANS 7500-1/ISO 7500-1, Metallic materials – Verification of static uniaxial testing machines –
Part 1: Tension/compression machines – Verification and calibration of the force-measuring system.

SANS 12100/ISO 12100, Safety of machinery – General principles for design – Risk assessment
and risk reduction. Amdt 1

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SANS 1824:2017
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3 Definitions
For the purposes of this standard, the following definitions apply:

3.1
acceptable
acceptable to the authority administering this standard, or to the parties concluding the purchase
contract, as relevant
3.2
combined trolley and chain block
single unit comprising a chain block connected to a trolley by means other than a hook

NOTE This arrangement is often used to take up less headroom beneath a beam or runway.

3.3
manually propelled (plain) trolley
trolley that permits horizontal travel on a runway by pushing or pulling on the load

3.4
mechanically propelled (geared) trolley
trolley that permits horizontal travel on a runway by a wheel turned by means of an operating chain
transforming drive via a gear to the trolley wheels

3.5
powered trolley
electrically driven, hydraulically driven or pneumatically driven beam trolley Amdt 1

3.6
rated capacity
WLL
maximum mass that a trolley is designed to suspend under general service

3.7
static tests
testing of the trolley by the application of a static load to the load handling device, exceeding by
50 % the rated load-lifting capacity of the trolley

4 Requirements
4.1 General

4.1.1 Trolleys shall comply with the safety requirements and measures of this clause. In addition,
the trolley shall be designed according to the principles of SANS 12100 for hazards relevant but not
significant which are not dealt with by this standard. Amdt 1

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SANS 1824:2017
Edition 1.1

4.1.2 Trolleys shall be one of the following types, as required (see annex A):

a) plain - ungeared;

b) manually propelled – geared; or

c) power operated – electric/pneumatic/hydraulic.

4.1.3 Trolleys should be classified according to the operations they are expected to perform and
the individual loads to be carried at each stage of operation, as follows (see annex A):

a) Utilization: Main hoist: av. lift...................................................m;

b) Aux hoist: av. lift.....................................................m; and

c) Loads: Actual load if known; or

% of lifts with approximate full load

% of lifts with approximate 75 % load

% of lifts with approximate 50 % load

% of lifts with approximate 25 % load

weight of lifting attachment.

NOTE This is only applicable where detailed information is available.

4.1.4 Trolleys shall be designed to operate indoors, outdoors or both, as required (see annex A).

4.1.5 Trolleys shall be designed to operate under any of the following conditions, as required (see
annex A):

a) handling molten metal;

b) use in hazardous gases, vapours, solids or volatile liquids;

c) use in mines or quarries (or both);

d) certain processes, such as galvanizing, pickling and hot dipping;

e) use in saline atmospheres when the degree of exposure should be stated;

f) the presence of any local heat sources, such as furnaces or radiant space heating panels;

g) the need for special precautions against termites;

h) any physical obstructions not apparent from the dimensions provided for clearances;

i) in the case of pedestrian controlled crawls, any differences in the operating floor;

j) any variation in electrical supply greater than +6 % on the nominal voltage;

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SANS 1824:2017
Edition 1.1

k) any particular requirements concerning headroom above servicing platforms and if crawl
servicing platforms are to be used for other activities and the need, if any, for fine mesh screens
to prevent the dropping of articles from the servicing areas; and

l) wind loading.

4.1.6 Trolleys shall be capable of operating on an existing or new gantry, as required (see
annex A).

4.2 Combined units

When units are combined (for example, trolley and chain block) the requirements for each individual
unit shall apply.

4.3 Operating effort on mechanically propelled trolleys

The operating effort required on the operating chain to move the trolley along the beam shall not
exceed 250 N when the maximum load is transported. The chain to operate shall be pulled by only
one person.

4.4 Operating elements

Trolleys, operating chains and operating wheels shall be secured against unintentional
disconnection.

4.5 Shape of parts

Parts of trolleys which are normally accessible shall, as far as is reasonably practicable, not have
any edges or points which can cause injuries.

4.6 Temperature
Trolleys and t heir components shall be des igned to work within the ambient temperature range
of −20 °C to +50 °C unless other temperature ranges are agreed upon between the manufacturer
and purchaser.

4.7 Mechanical strength

4.7.1 General

Trolleys shall have a minimum safety factor of 4.

Structures shall not be subject to this safety factor.

4.7.2 Strength of prototypes and trolleys in production

When a trolley is loaded to 1,5 × the WLL, there shall be no evidence of distortion on any part of the
trolley.

4.7.3 Factor of safety

When a trolley is loaded to 4 × the WLL, there shall be no evidence of distortion that will lead to loss
of the load.

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SANS 1824:2017
Edition 1.1

4.7.4 Endurance

When a trolley is tested in accordance with 5.4.2.3, there shall be no sign of deformation or failure
that could result in the loss of the load.

4.8 Derailment and fall

4.8.1 Trolleys shall incorporate features that avoid any derailment or accidental fall in the event of
wheel failure.

4.8.2 Trolleys shall be designed in such a way that they can be fitted to the beam in a manner that
prevents adjustment during operation.

4.9 Tilting prevention

Trolleys shall incorporate features that prevent tilting.

4.10 Braking
If required, brakes shall be provided (see annex A).

Where brakes are fitted they shall not contain asbestos.

4.11 Buffers
If required, buffers manufactured from rubber or synthetic materials may be fitted to the trolleys (see
annex A).

4.12 Strength of axles

Axles of trolleys shall be of sufficient strength to bear the load in the event of wheel collapse.

4.13 Size and configuration of suspension parts

The size and shape of those parts of the trolley from which the load or hoist is suspended shall be
compatible with the size and shape of hooks of the same rated capacity.

Suspension devices shall have no sharp edges.

4.14 Operating chains

4.14.1 General

Hand chain shall comply with the requirements of SANS 251.

4.14.2 Length of chains

All operating chains for trolleys shall be of such length at operating levels to prevent them from
becoming entangled with other equipment or from dragging on the ground.
NOTE A gap of at least 0,5 m to 1,0 m is recommended between the lower part of the chain loop and the level on
which the operator stands.

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SANS 1824:2017
Edition 1.1

4.14.3 Chain wheels

Chain wheels shall be designed to be compatible with, and to ensure effective operation of, the
chain. Means shall be provided to guide the chain into the pockets of the chain wheel and to ensure
its retention.

4.15 Corrosion protection

Trolleys shall be protected against corrosion as required (see annex A). When the coating consists
of hot-dip galvanizing, the coating shall comply with the relevant requirements of SANS 24.

4.16 Trolley wheels

Trolley wheels shall be d esigned to operate on e ither flat or taper flanged beam profiles. The
wheels shall not bear the brunt of stopping the trolley against the end stops.

5 Inspection, verification and testing

5.1 General
Conformity to each safety requirement and measure (see clause 4) shall be verified by the methods
given in 5.2 to 5.4.

5.2 Inspection
Carry out a visual inspection, in accordance with the checking procedure specified by the
manufacturer to verify that all the machine elements are operating normally, and to ensure that the
equipment meets the safety requirements in clause 4 of this standard.

5.3 Types of verification

5.3.1 Type verification (approval of design)

Verification that is carried out on one or several representative samples of a product before its initial
mass production.

5.3.2 Sample verification

Verification that is carried out on a component that is subjected to the load (e.g. chains, ropes,
hooks) in order to verify its factor of safety.

5.3.3 Individual verification

Verification by means of calculation of a s ingle or structural unit which cannot be s ubjected to

destructive testing.

Machines manufactured as single units, structures, supports and mass-produced equipment having
a working load limit greater than 5 ton shall be verified only by calculation.

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SANS 1824:2017
Edition 1.1

5.4 Testing
5.4.1 General

Subject trolleys that are mass-produced and have a working load limit of up to 5 ton to the tests
given in 5.4.2 and 5.4.3.

Test trolleys at maximum beam adjustment width of the wheels.

When hoist-and-trolley combinations are tested, the hoist shall be removed and the trolley fitted with
a load suspension bar for testing purposes.

5.4.2 Approval of design

5.4.2.1 Static test (type test)

Carry out the following static tests:

a) Load the representative sample trolley with the working load limit (WLL) and hold for 2 min.
Check for any distortion or failure.

b) Load the representative sample trolley with the 2 × WLL and h old for 2 m in. Check for any
permanent distortion or failure.

There shall be no failure or distortion up to this point.

c) Load the representative sample trolley with the 3 × WLL and hold for 2 min. Check for and record
the mode and degree of distortion.

d) Load the representative sample trolley with the 4 × WLL and hold for 2 min. Check for and record
the mode and degree of distortion or failure.

There shall be no failure up to this point.

e) Gradually increase the load and r ecord the load at which failure occurs. The actual factor of
safety is calculated by dividing the actual breaking load by the rated working load limit.

WARNING: AFTER COMPLETION OF THIS TEST ALL COMPONENTS OF THE TROLLEY

SHALL BE RENDERED UNUSABLE AND BE DESTROYED.

5.4.2.2 Drop prevention test

Remove the wheels from the trolley and place the unit on the beam.

The trolley shall rest on the anti-drop components of the trolley.

When the wheels are removed, the trolley shall not rest on the axles.

5.4.2.3 Endurance test

5.4.2.3.1 Apparatus

Tensile testing machine that:

a) complies with the requirements for a grade 1,0 machine of SANS 7500-1;

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SANS 1824:2017
Edition 1.1

b) is provided with a means of preventing movement while under test;

c) has been calibrated not more than six months before the test; and

d) for which a certificate covering the most recent calibration is available for inspection.

5.4.2.3.2 Procedure

Fit the suspension bar of the trolley into the grips of the tensile testing machine and apply a rapid
pulsating load to the trolley.

Start each cycle of the load at 100 kg, increase to 150 % of the working load limit (WLL) of the
trolley and decrease to 100 kg.

Carry out 60 000 cycles of the load.

There shall be no sign of deformation or failure that could result in loss of the load.

5.4.3 Mass production tests

5.4.3.1 Testing of a representative sample

From each batch manufactured (or as agreed with the purchaser) subject one sample to destructive
testing as given in 5.4.2.1. The factor of safety shall be at least 4.

5.4.3.2 Testing of all units

Subject each unit to a static load of 150 % of the WLL for 2 min.

There shall be no sign of deformation or failure that could result in loss of the load.

6 Information for use

6.1 Instructions
The supplier shall provide the following information and advice as instructions for use:

a) the installation, assembly and disassembly conditions;

b) the table of loads as a function of the machine configurations and support conditions;

c) advice on the training of operators; and

d) advice regarding the annual inspection of all lifting equipment in accordance with the government
regulations.

6.2 Additional instructions

When so required by the purchaser, the supplier shall provide information and advice as
instructions for:

a) risk assessment;

b) operation of the equipment at temperatures greater than +50 °C and less than -20 °C;

10
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SANS 1824:2017
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c) use of equipment in a specific environment (explosive, corrosive, etc.);

1) use of the disengagement system;

2) for supports not fitted with gear transmission, advice to the effect that the operator has to
push the load rather than pull it; and

3) maintenance instructions for each of the constituent elements of the equipment with regard to
servicing, periodic maintenance, corrosion protection, repair and storage conditions when not
in service, in particular, the frequency of overhauls. And elements whose deterioration would
involve a risk to health and safety, particularly elements such as chains, brake linings and the
criteria leading to replacement of these original items such as number of operations carried
out and wear factor. In addition, the chain characteristics and instructions for its replacement
shall be specified.

6.3 Information on periodic verification and testing

The manufacturer shall indicate the intervals at which the specified tests and verifications should be
carried out, i.e.:

a) before commissioning;

b) after repair or reassembly or prolonged stoppage; and

c) during the period of use of the equipment.

The manufacturer shall specify a list of original items requiring specific use and testing.

The manufacturer shall advise the user to look for any defects occurring during use.

7 Test certificate
After all the testing as specified in clause 5 has been carried out with satisfactory results, the
manufacturer shall issue a certificate for each trolley.

The certificate shall include at least the following information:

a) name and address of the manufacturer or his authorized representative including the date of
issue of the certificate and authentication;

b) the number of this standard;

c) the WLL, in tonnes;

d) confirmation that the specified minimum breaking force or proof load applied was met or
exceeded;

e) serial number of the trolley recorded.

The manufacturer shall keep a record for tests carried out on each trolley for at least 10 years after
the date of manufacture.

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SANS 1824:2017
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8 Marking
Each trolley shall be permanently and legibly marked with the following information:

a) the name, trade name or logo of the manufacturer or supplier (or both);

b) the series or type designation;

c) the serial number;

d) the WLL;

e) maximum beam width; and

f) any other markings agreed upon (see annex A).

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SANS 1824:2017
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Annex A
(normative)

Notes to purchasers
The following requirements shall be specified in tender invitations and in each order or contract:

a) type (see 4.1.2);

b) classification of the appliance and its mechanisms (see 4.1.3);

c) location (see 4.1.4);

d) special service conditions (see 4.1.5);

e) gantry (see 4.1.6);

f) is any special painting or protective finish that is required? (See 4.15); and

g) any special requirements, statutory or technical (see 4.10, 4.11 and 8).

Bibliography
SANS 32/EN 10240, Internal and/or external protective coatings for steel tubes – Specification for
hot-dip galvanized coatings applied in automatic plants.

SANS 9001/ISO 9001, Quality management systems – Requirements.

______________

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