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Moment in Vector Formulation - 1

The document discusses force resultants and moments. It defines a moment as the tendency of a force to cause rotation about a point, which is proportional to the force magnitude and its perpendicular distance from the point (the moment arm). It describes determining the moment vector of a single force or multiple forces using the cross product operation. The principle of moments, also called Varignon's theorem, states the moment of a force is equal to the sum of the moments of its components.

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Allan Gabriel Lariosa
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44 views

Moment in Vector Formulation - 1

The document discusses force resultants and moments. It defines a moment as the tendency of a force to cause rotation about a point, which is proportional to the force magnitude and its perpendicular distance from the point (the moment arm). It describes determining the moment vector of a single force or multiple forces using the cross product operation. The principle of moments, also called Varignon's theorem, states the moment of a force is equal to the sum of the moments of its components.

Uploaded by

Allan Gabriel Lariosa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Force System Resultants

References
• Beer, F., Johnston, E. Jr., Mazurek, D., and
Eisenberg, E., Vector Mechanics for Engineers:
Statics, 9th Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York,
2010
• Hibbeler, R.C., Engineering Mechanics: Statics,
12th Edition, Pearson Education, New Jersey,
2010
➢ When a force is applied to a body it will produce a
tendency for the body to rotate about a point that is not
on the line of action of the force. This tendency to rotate
is sometimes called a torque,

➢ But most often it is called the moment of a force or


simply the moment.

➢ The magnitude of the moment is directly proportional to


the magnitude of F and the perpendicular distance or
moment arm d. The larger the force or the longer the
moment arm, the greater the moment or turning effect.
Note:
If the force F is applied at an angle θ 90, Fig. b, then it will be more difficult to turn the
bolt since the moment arm d = d sin u will be smaller than d. If F is applied along the
wrench, Fig. c, its moment arm will be zero since the line of action of F will intersect
point O (the z axis). As a result, the moment of F about O is also zero and no turning can
occur.
Determined by the right-hand rule as it applies to the cross product.
➢ The cross product operation is often used in
three dimensions since the perpendicular
distance or moment arm from point O to the
line of action of the force is not needed. In
other words, we can use any position vector
r measured from point O to any point on the
line of action of the force F

➢ Since F can be applied at any point along its


line of action and still create this same
moment about point O, then F can be
considered a sliding vector. This property is
called the principle of transmissibility of a
force.
➢ If we establish x, y, z coordinate axes, then
the position vector r and force F can be
expressed as Cartesian vectors,

where

✓ rx, ry, rz represent the x, y, z components of the


position vector drawn from point O to any point on
the line of action of the force

✓ Fx, Fy, Fz represent the x, y, z components of the force


vector
➢ If a body is acted upon by a
system of forces, the resultant
moment of the forces about point
O can be determined by vector
addition of the moment of each
force. This resultant can be
written symbolically as
Determine the moment produced by the force F in Fig. about point O.
Express the result as a Cartesian vector.
Two forces act on the rod shown in Fig. Determine the resultant moment
they create about the flange at O. Express the result as a Cartesian
vector.
➢ A concept often used in mechanics is the
principle of moments, which is sometimes
referred to as Varignon’s theorem since it
was orginally developed by the French
mathematician Pierre Varignon (1654–1722).
It states that the moment of a force about a
point is equal to the sum of the moments of the
components of the force about the point. This
theorem can be proven easily using the vector
cross product since the cross product obeys
the distributive law. For example, consider the
moments of the force F and two of its
components about point O. Since F = F1 + F2
we have
➢ For two-dimensional problems,
Fig, we can use the principle of
moments by resolving the force
into its rectangular components
and then determine the moment
using a scalar analysis. Thus,

➢ This method is generally easier


than finding the same moment
using
Determine the moment of the force in Fig. about point O.
Force F acts at the end of the angle bracket in Fig. Determine
the moment of the force about point O.

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