TA 1000-0300

Technical Instruction

Fuel gas and combustion air requirements

© INNIO Jenbacher GmbH & Co OG

Achenseestr. 1-3
A-6200 Jenbach, Austria
www.innio.com
TA 1000-0300
Fuel gas and combustion air requirements

1 Scope ..................................................................................................................................... 2
2 Purpose.................................................................................................................................. 2
3 General................................................................................................................................... 2
4 Gas types ............................................................................................................................... 2
5 Requirements and limit values ............................................................................................ 4
5.1 Fuel gas requirements and limits ............................................................................................ 4
5.2 Requirements and limits for the combustion air ...................................................................... 5
5.3 Requirements and limits for the mixture ................................................................................. 7
6 Appendix.............................................................................................................................. 12
6.1 Overview of the fuel gas requirements and limits ................................................................. 12
6.2 Overview of the requirements and limits for the combustion air ........................................... 12
6.3 Overview of the requirements and limits for the mixture ....................................................... 13
6.4 Explanation of freedom from condensate ............................................................................. 14
6.5 Check list for fuel gas quality information ............................................................................. 17
6.6 Organosilicon compounds in biogas, sludge gas and landfill gas......................................... 19
6.7 Note about the mixture.......................................................................................................... 20
6.8 Sample calculations .............................................................................................................. 20
7 Revision code...................................................................................................................... 24

INNIO proprietary information: CONFIDENTIAL

The information contained in this document is the proprietary information of INNIO Jenbacher GmbH &
Co OG and its subsidiaries and is disclosed in confidence. It is the property of INNIO and shall not be
used, disclosed to others or reproduced without express written consent. This includes but is not limited
to use for the creation, manufacture, development or derivation of any repairs, modifications, spare parts,
designs or configuration changes, or for obtaining government or regulatory approval to do so. If consent
is given for reproduction in whole or in part, this notice and the notice set forth on each page of this
document shall appear in any such reproduction in whole or in part.
UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED OR TRANSMITTED ELECTRONICALLY
The target recipients of this document are:
Prospective Customers, Customers, Distribution Partners, Service Partners, Commissioning Partners,
Subsidiaries/ Branches, Location Jenbach

NOTE
Observance of the conditions of this technical instruction and performance of
the activities described therein is the basis of safe and efficient plant
operation.
Non-observance of the conditions of this technical instruction and/or non-performance of the
prescribed activities or any departure from the prescribed activities may result in the loss of
guarantee rights.
The activities and conditions defined in this technical instruction shall be performed and/or
observed by the plant operator. This shall not apply if this technical instruction is expressly
allocated to the area of responsibility of INNIO Jenbacher GmbH & Co OG or a contractual
agreement between the operator and INNIO Jenbacher GmbH & Co OGprovides for a
different arrangement.

Author(s): Fallzberger F. Responsible: Boewing R. Release date: 25/02/2021

Index: 11 Page No.: 1/24
INNIO proprietary information: CONFIDENTIAL! Use or disclosure of data contained on this sheet is subject to the restrictions on the cover or on the first page.
TA 1000-0300
Fuel gas and combustion air requirements

1 Scope
This Technical Instruction (TA) applies to Jenbacher engines that are designed to be used with gaseous
fuels.

2 Purpose
The purpose of this Technical Instruction is to illustrate the requirements and the limits that apply to the
use of fuel gas in combustion engines. Specifically, these relate to the limit values and requirements
placed on the gas composition, the trace substances and impurities, and the oil, condensate and particles
that the mixture may contain. In addition, the requirements on the combustion air are also described.

3 General
Jenbacher engine systems make use of a broad range of gaseous fuels as fuel gas. In contrast to petrol
and diesel fuels, gaseous fuels generally do not have to comply with strict specifications or classifications.
Nevertheless, special requirements and defined limit levels are imposed on fuel gas. In principle, all
gaseous fuels that can be used in combustion engines can be classified as "fuel gases".
The physical and chemical characteristics of gaseous fuels can vary enormously. However, from the point
of view of construction and operating processes, the engines are designed to function within a very strict
range of characteristics and are often very sensitive to changes to these characteristics.
The engine system is optimally matched to the contractually defined fuel-gas composition for which it was
sold, and no major changes may be made to this.
The fuel gas is mixed with the combustion air to produce a usable mixture and conveyed to the engine for
combustion. Impurities as well as combustion air can be aspirated into the engine. If the fuel gas or
combustion air does not comply with the requirements, this can have adverse effects on engine
operation. This can result in situations where the safety of the plant and its operation cannot be
guaranteed.
Lubricating oil can lose its corrosion protection properties as a result of impurities in both the
fuel gas and the combustion air. The results of regular lubricating oil analyses indicate whether
there are any impurities in the mixture. Refer as well to the following Technical Instructions:
TA 1000-0099B – Limit levels for used oil in Jenbacher gas engines
TA 1000-0099C – Procedure for testing the plant-specific oil service life
TA 1000-0112 – Taking lubricating oil samples / lubricating oil sampling protocol
TA 1000-1109 – Lubricating oil for type 2, 3, 4 and 6 Jenbacher gas engines
TA 1000-1108 – Lubricating oils Type 9 engines

ATTENTION
Environment, health & safety
Fuel gases and their production, and the use of fuel gases in engines, can result in
exposure to substances which are dangerous or harmful to the environment and human
health. Before dealing with fuel gases, deposits and condensates, we therefore have to pay
attention to relevant health and safety instructions and take precautionary measures.

4 Gas types
The fuel gases used in Jenbacher gas engines can be divided into the main categories listed below.
Jenbacher gas engines are not confined to these main categories. Solutions for other gas types can be
developed in conjunction with Jenbacher.

Author(s): Fallzberger F. Responsible: Boewing R. Release date: 25/02/2021

Index: 11 Page No.: 2/24
INNIO proprietary information: CONFIDENTIAL! Use or disclosure of data contained on this sheet is subject to the restrictions on the cover or on the first page.
TA 1000-0300
Fuel gas and combustion air requirements

Natural gas
Natural gas is characterised by a high content of methane (CH4) and has a high purity. Its methane
content is between 65 and 100% by volume.

Associated petroleum gas

This class of fuel gas is characterised by a medium to high methane content. Its methane concentration
can be anywhere between 35 and 90% by volume . Among the other constituents, nitrogen (N2) or carbon
dioxide (CO2) occur in high concentrations of up to 45% by volume, as well as an increased proportion of
higher-value hydrocarbons.

Biogas, sewage gas, landfill gas

These fuel gases are produced by the conversion of liquid or solid organic substances by micro-
organisms. Like associated petroleum gas, they are characterised by a medium to high methane content
and the constituents N2 and CO2 . However, as this gas emanates from highly heterogeneous
substances, special care must be taken with regard to trace substances and impurities.

Coalmine gas
This fuel gas is recovered from mines and is characterised by very wide fluctuations in its methane
content, which can lie between 25 and 95 vol%. Of the other constituents, N2 in a concentration of up to
65% by volume, CO2 with up to 15% by volume or oxygen (O2) with up to 15% by volume may be present.
This gas is frequently associated with a certain amount of dust loading, which necessitates a pre-
separation stage.

Gas from thermal gasification processes

These gases are produced through the targeted gasification of biomass (e.g. wood), waste material and
coal, etc., and typically exhibit high levels of hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO). As this gas
emanates from highly heterogeneous substances, special care must be taken with regard to trace
elements and accompanying substances. This type of gas is also referred to as synthesis gas.

Process gases
Process gases arise in the steel industry and are hence also referred to as steel gas. These gases fall
into the following main groups:
Gas description Main components Origin
Coke-oven gas H2/CH4/N2/CO Coking process
Blast furnace gas N2/CO/CO2/H2 Process gas from steel production
Converter gas CO/N2/CO2/H2 Process gas produced during the
manufacture of steel, e.g. LD gas
(Linz-Donawitz process)

Liquid gas, propane gas

The most distinctive feature of liquid gases is that they are transported and stored in a liquid state. They
are then evaporated before being used.
Liquid natural gas (LNG) consists initially of natural gas, which is liquefied by cooling it to -161°C.
However, "fractionation" can occur during the evaporation process, resulting in possible deviations and
fluctuations in the gas composition, such as an increase in the concentration of longer-chain
hydrocarbons.

Author(s): Fallzberger F. Responsible: Boewing R. Release date: 25/02/2021

Index: 11 Page No.: 3/24
INNIO proprietary information: CONFIDENTIAL! Use or disclosure of data contained on this sheet is subject to the restrictions on the cover or on the first page.
TA 1000-0300
Fuel gas and combustion air requirements

Propane gas is already in a liquid state under relatively low pressures and normal temperatures. Its main
constituent is propane (C3H8), which is present in concentrations of 60 to 100 vol%. It may also contain
high concentrations of butane (C4H10) up to 10% by volume), ethane (C2H6) up to 20% by volume or
methane up to 40% by volume. Propane HD5 contains >= 90% propane (C3H8), < 5% propane (C3H6) and
<5% of other hydrocarbons CxHy (iso-butane C4H10, n-butane C4H10, ethane C2H6methane CH4).

5 Requirements and limit values

The requirements and limits set out in this Technical Instruction for the fuel gas and combustion air apply
to Jenbacher engines and plants. This ensures that the mixture aspirated by the engine meets the
engine's requirements and does not cause any damage. Any ingress of unwanted substances into the
engine should always be avoided in principle. The following diagram illustrates the relationship between
the requirements on the fuel gas, the combustion air and the mixture.

The requirements on fuel gas

in Section 5.1 apply here

Gas mixer

The requirements on combustion air The requirements on the mixture

in Section 5.2 apply here. in Section 5.3 apply here

5.1 Fuel gas requirements and limits

To guarantee trouble-free engine operation and the specified maintenance intervals, the specified fuel
gas requirements must be permanently maintained at the Jenbacher interface. A summary of the
requirements and limit values, together with any other special requirements, can be found in the
Appendix.
Jenbacher cannot honour warranty claims relating to problems caused by exceeding one or more of the
limit values specified in this Technical Instruction.

Physical fuel gas properties, main components and thermodynamic requirements

The main components determine the relevant fuel gas characteristics for physical engine operation (e.g.
calorific value, combustion air ratio, combustion temperature, laminar flame propagation speed, ignition
limits, knock resistance). They are normally expressed as a % by volume and must be specified in the
form of a comprehensive gas analysis (see Appendix: Check list for fuel gas quality information).
Apart from a number of limiting conditions relating to the data sheet, the technical specifications also
contain the fuel gas type.

Author(s): Fallzberger F. Responsible: Boewing R. Release date: 25/02/2021

Index: 11 Page No.: 4/24
INNIO proprietary information: CONFIDENTIAL! Use or disclosure of data contained on this sheet is subject to the restrictions on the cover or on the first page.
TA 1000-0300
Fuel gas and combustion air requirements

In cases where the available fuel gas does not conform to what is stated in the standard product range, a
special - client-specific - solution can be arranged, taking into account all technical and efficiency-related
options.
It is normal for the composition of some gas types to vary substantially. In Leanox-controlled engine
operation (under load), these fluctuations can to a large extent be compensated for by the engine
management system. In order to guarantee a satisfactory starting behaviour, however, a certain
fluctuation range is necessary and the engine management must be provided with usable information
(e.g.: calorific value, CH4 content) on the current gas quality.
The reference points are the standard conditions for temperature and pressure with a temperature of
273.15 K and a pressure of 101.325 kPa.

Physical characteristics, main components and thermodynamic requirements

Designation Additional Limitation Unit Note
Gas pressure Fluctuation ≤ 10 mbar/s
Gas temperature Min. 10 °C Higher temperatures should be checked in
Max. 40 °C all cases!
Relative gas Max. 80 % rel. Must be guaranteed at any temperature
humidity and supply pressure! 1)
Max 50 % rel. When using a Jenbacher active carbon
filter at the intake of the active carbon
system. Higher temperatures should be
checked in all cases!
Lower calorific Fluctuation ≤4 %/min Lower calorific value in KJ/Nm3
value
Methane number Speed of ≤ 10 MN/min According to standard calculation method
change (AVL)
Hydrogen H22 Speed of ≤4 vol%/min Especially in the case of process gases
change
Ignitability The gas must not be ignitable. Take note of statutory regulations and
limit levels!
1)
If a prechamber gas compressor is used for the prechamber gas system or if the plant is located in a
tropical zone, the limit values set out in Section 5.3 apply.

5.2 Requirements and limits for the combustion air

The combustion air for engine plants is generally aspirated from the immediate vicinity of the plant.
Ambient air when dry consists of the following gaseous constituents:
Constituent % by volume
Nitrogen N22 78.08
Oxygen O22 20.95
Argon Ar 0.93
Carbon dioxide CO22 0.04

The reference points are the standard conditions for temperature and pressure with a temperature of
273.15 K and a pressure of 101.325 kPa.
Ambient air also includes trace gases such as neon, helium and krypton.

Author(s): Fallzberger F. Responsible: Boewing R. Release date: 25/02/2021

Index: 11 Page No.: 5/24
INNIO proprietary information: CONFIDENTIAL! Use or disclosure of data contained on this sheet is subject to the restrictions on the cover or on the first page.
TA 1000-0300
Fuel gas and combustion air requirements

Air always includes a proportion of water vapour as well. This depends greatly on local ambient
conditions and is also aspirated into the engine.
The following measures must be observed, depending on the humidity content of the combustion air:
Humidity content in gH2O/kgAir Effect
≤ 15 No condensate formation and therefore no influence on engine
operation expected
> 15 Check the reduction diagram

The following requirements and limits are placed on the combustion air:
Requirements and limits for the combustion air
Designation Additional Limitation Unit Note
temperature See TA 1100-0110
Particles ≤ 0.1 mg/Nm³ Type 2 to 6: Purity class G3 as per EN779
Total particle J920: purity class M6 as per EN779
content (previously F6)
A filter in the combustion air intake
protects the system against particles. The
value specified is the design basis for the
air filter 1)
Highly flammable Safety limits must not be exceeded. If the
components combustion air is not free of highly-
flammable components, its usability must
be agreed with Jenbacher.
Acid-forming and Must not enter the engine
base-forming
constituents

1)
If the filter service life stated in the maintenance plan is not reached or if the filter service life turns out to
be unacceptable, the customer must take measures to improve it.
If the ambient air contains impurities (such as sulphur compounds, oil vapours, other gaseous
constituents, etc.) its usability must be checked.
Care must be taken to ensure that the location where the combustion air is aspirated is not subject to any
microclimate, such as warm humid zones in greenhouse applications. It must also be ensured that
emissions from a wide variety of sources such as industrial air outlets, emissions from biogenous
processes or solvents cannot enter the engine intake air and therefore cannot have any effect on engine
operation. Jenbacher engine plants require a special air intake system which is described in the following
Technical Instruction together with further boundary conditions:
• TA 1100-0110: Boundary conditions for GE Jenbacher gas engines

ATTENTION
Draught effect
When the engine is at rest, note that depending on the design of the intake system and the
chimney draught effect, air may be permanently drawn through the engine. This means that
the engine is exposed to ambient air even when shut down, which can result in damage if
the air quality is poor.

Author(s): Fallzberger F. Responsible: Boewing R. Release date: 25/02/2021

Index: 11 Page No.: 6/24
INNIO proprietary information: CONFIDENTIAL! Use or disclosure of data contained on this sheet is subject to the restrictions on the cover or on the first page.
TA 1000-0300
Fuel gas and combustion air requirements

5.3 Requirements and limits for the mixture

Jenbacher engines and plants must be protected generally against the ingress of unwanted substances
into the mixture via both the fuel gas and the combustion air.

Limit values for trace substances and impurities, oil, condensate and particles
Trace substances and impurities usually enter the gas during the gas formation process, but can also
come from the ambient air. They are usually impurities in the ppm range. The effects of trace substances
and impurities do not become noticeable until the engine has been in operation for a certain time
(cumulative effect). The same applies to oil, condensate and particles. As these effects are predominantly
harmful, both the fuel gases and the ambient air should be as free as possible of trace substances and
impurities. If the impurity content in the fuel gas is very high, suitable fuel gas cleaning may, under certain
circumstances, be the best method of ensuring economic utilisation of the fuel gas.
To determine the suitability of a fuel gas for use in combustion engines, comprehensive knowledge of the
gas analysis is required. Field experience shows that even results that were obtained under the same
operating conditions can vary substantially. The effect of trace elements can therefore only be predicted
to a certain extent, as very complex interrelations and cause/effect relations are often involved. In
principle, the effects of trace elements are proportional to the quantity fed into the engine while it was
operating. When using a fuel gas with a high calorific value, the gas flow to the engine is smaller
compared with a gas with a low calorific value. As a result, the amount of trace substances introduced
into the engine - and therefore their effect - differs even if there are identical concentrations of trace
substances in the fuel gas. In order to be able to compare various gases, the trace substance
concentration values must be related to a certain fuel gas energy amount (the fuel gas output required to
generate a certain engine output is very similar for all gas types).
Jenbacher has therefore set the energy content of 1 standard cubic metre of methane to 10 kWh
(rounded off).
The combustion air requirement also depends on the fuel gas and its calorific value. This results in a
specific fuel gas to air mixture ratio for the gas types, which can be seen in the Appendix.
Additional trace elements or impurities not explicitly mentioned or limited in this Technical Instruction can
change the properties of the fuel gas. Jenbacher does not accept responsibility for reduced output,
reduced efficiency, reduced availability or possible engine damage resulting from such additional trace
substances or impurities. In such cases Jenbacher is also relieved of any and all warranty obligations.

Limit levels for trace substances and impurities 1)

Designation Additional Limitation Unit Note
Total sulphur S ≤ 700 mg/10 kWh Note effect on oil service life 2)
≤ 1200 mg/10 kWh With limited warranty 3)
Halogen Total Cl + 2 x F ≤ 100 mg/10 kWh Note partial load operation 4)
compounds ≤ 400 mg/10 kWh With limited warranty 3)
Ammonia NH3 ≤ 50 mg/10 kWh Higher NH3 values in the fuel gas may
result in the NOx values for the engine
exhaust gas stated in the specification
being exceeded.
VOSC as total Total silicon as ≤ 0.02 The operational value of silicon Si to be
silicon SiBG determined exactly by means of an oil
(silicon analysisB 5)
operational limit
value)
Highly flammable Acetylene ≤ 0.02 % vol. These substances can cause
components (C2H2) uncontrolled spontaneous combustion in
the system!

Author(s): Fallzberger F. Responsible: Boewing R. Release date: 25/02/2021

Index: 11 Page No.: 7/24
INNIO proprietary information: CONFIDENTIAL! Use or disclosure of data contained on this sheet is subject to the restrictions on the cover or on the first page.
TA 1000-0300
Fuel gas and combustion air requirements

Designation Additional Limitation Unit Note

Carbonyl ≤ 0.02 % vol.
sulphide (COS)
1)
The limit values quoted in the following sections apply if Jenbacher fuel gas or exhaust gas treatment
systems are used, or if engines are being used with a prechamber gas system, or if the system is
installed in tropical zone countries.
2)
The oil service life is noticeably reduced above a total sulphur content of approx. 50 mg/10 kWh and/or
a total halogen content of approx. 20 mg/10 kWh (refer to TA 1000-0099 B and C). If desulphurisation
units are being used, note that extremely high concentrations of sulphur can enter and damage the
engine very quickly when a fault occurs in such units.
This category also includes the limit values for hydrofluoric acid (HF) and hydrochloric acid (HCl). Please
also refer to the sample calculation for converter gas in the appendix.
3)
Assuming a service life reduction of all engine and plant components that come into contact with the
fuel gas, engine oil or exhaust gas and an increase in maintenance activities, the limits can be increased.
In order to achieve a satisfactory minimum oil service life (approx. 500 Oh) a suitably large additional
lubricating oil tank must be fitted, as designed by Jenbacher.
4)
For plants using heat recovery, care must be taken to ensure that the temperature does fall below the
acid dew point in the waste heat boiler, taking partial load operation into account.
5)
When a fuel gas with traces of volatile oxidisable silicon compounds is used, it is not possible to specify
a limit level in the fuel gas due to severe fluctuations and the difficulty of performing an analysis. The
operational value SiB, determined on the basis of two analyses, is the determining value for the amount of
silicon fed to the engine. This must not exceed the operational limit value SiBG. The calculation method is
explained in the appendix.

Limit levels for oil, condensate and particles

Designation Additional Limitation Unit Note
Particles A filter in the gas train protects the system
against particles The filter in the gas train
is not used as a work filter 6)
Total oil content ≤ 0.2 mg/10 kWh
Tar CxHyRz No tar in the Where gases (particularly wood gas)
intake system contain tar, the gas train must be fitted
with a trace heating system and thermal
insulation! 7)
Condensate or No condensate and no sublimation of water or tars in components that
sublimate come into contact with gas and/or mixture. 8)
6)
If the filter service life as stated in the maintenance plan is not achieved or the filter service life is found
to be unacceptable or the operation of the gas pressure control system is compromised, measures must
be taken by the customer to improve the situation.
If a work filter is necessary, it must have a filtration efficiency of at least 99.99% with particle diameters
greater than 3 µm.
7)
In mixtures or gases in which the hydrocarbons form solid, liquid or highly viscous products when the
mixture or gas cools to below the dew point, the condensation or sublimation products are described as
tar. This affects all hydrocarbons (Cx, HyRz) with 6 or more carbon atoms and a molar mass (M)≥ benzene
(78.11 g/mol) with every possible substitution group (Rz).
When condensing out, tars can cause problems in the gas or mixture-side intake tract.
If tars condense or sublimate in components that are in contact with the gas or mixture, some of the
problems that may arise are as follows:
• Clogging of fittings (filters, pressure regulators, solenoid valves, etc.) in the gas train

Author(s): Fallzberger F. Responsible: Boewing R. Release date: 25/02/2021

Index: 11 Page No.: 8/24
INNIO proprietary information: CONFIDENTIAL! Use or disclosure of data contained on this sheet is subject to the restrictions on the cover or on the first page.
TA 1000-0300
Fuel gas and combustion air requirements

• Clogging of the gas mixer and compressor impeller on the exhaust gas turbocharger
• Clogging of the intercooler
When gases containing tar are mixed with cold combustion air, the mixture temperature must not fall
below the tar dew point. In such situations, the tar dew point of the fuel gas must be correspondingly
lower in order to prevent the tar condensing and/or sublimating in components that are in contact with the
gas or mixture!

ATTENTION
Condensed and/or sublimated tars
Condensed and/or sublimated tars can result in a reduced service life for components,
increased maintenance costs and limited engine operation as well as compromising the
safety of the gas train!

8)
Condensate or sublimate in the area where gas/air is added to the mixture (gas mixer) can sometimes
also be caused by combustion air which is too cold. In this case, the problem can be remedied if the
customer takes measures to preheat the combustion air, such as recirculating the room ventilation!
The absolute quantity of elements which have entered the engine is decisive when analysing the trace
element content. The limit levels will be valid, assuming that the combustion air is free from impurities.
By accepting a service life reduction of all engine and system components that come into contact with the
fuel gas, engine oil or exhaust gas and an increase in maintenance activities, the limits can be increased
in consultation with Jenbacher. Moreover, additional measures, such as the design and attachment by
Jenbacher of a supplementary lubricating oil reservoir, can help increase the minimum service life of the
oil.

Additional requirements when Jenbacher fuel gas or exhaust gas treatment systems are used
Jenbacher supplies a range of designs of bespoke treatment systems which it has developed for fuel gas
and exhaust gas in engine systems. In the case of engine systems that use this type of treatment system,
the additional requirements for the system as a whole are as shown in the table below.
Designation Additional Limitation Unit Note
Total sulphur S ≤ 500 mg/10 kWh When Jenbacher active carbon system
is used
≤ 200 mg/10 kWh When Jenbacher CO catalytic converter
is used 9)
≤ 20 mg/10 kWh When Jenbacher formaldehyde catalytic
converter is used 9)
Halogen Total Cl + 2 ≤ 200 mg/10 kWh When Jenbacher active carbon system
compounds xF is used
≤ 200 mg/10 kWh When Jenbacher ClAir system is used
≤ 20 mg/10 kWh When Jenbacher CO catalytic converter
or Jenbacher formaldehyde catalytic
converter used
VOSC as total Total ≤ 0.0005 When Jenbacher CO catalytic converter
silicon silicon as or Jenbacher formaldehyde catalytic
SiBG converter used

Author(s): Fallzberger F. Responsible: Boewing R. Release date: 25/02/2021

Index: 11 Page No.: 9/24
INNIO proprietary information: CONFIDENTIAL! Use or disclosure of data contained on this sheet is subject to the restrictions on the cover or on the first page.
TA 1000-0300
Fuel gas and combustion air requirements

Designation Additional Limitation Unit Note

Total trace The metals and heavy metals listed as examples have the effect of deactivating the
elements when catalytic converter. This reduces its service life accordingly.
catalytic ▪ Sulphur, phosphorus, lead, mercury, arsenic, antimony, zinc, copper, tin, iron, nickel,
converter is chromium, etc.
used
▪ The warranty will cease to apply if the cumulative volume of these elements exceeds
350g/Nm3 honeycomb catalytic converter. The evidence will be provided by quantitative
analysis of a used sample. The exhaust gas must, in all cases, be free of silicon
compounds, such as siloxanes.
9)
SO2 is converted to SO3 in the catalytic converter. As condensate forms, sulphurous or sulphuric acid is
produced. Consequently, heat recovery boilers, catalytic converters and exhaust gas systems for exhaust
gas temperatures < 180°C are covered by a limited warranty in the event of damage.

Additional requirements for engines with a pre-chamber gas system

The following additional limit values for the fuel gas apply to engines with a prechamber gas system.
Designation Additional Limitation Unit Note
Total sulphur S ≤ 200 mg/10 kWh

Engines equipped with a pre-chamber gas system require fuel gas at a higher pressure. Changes in
pressure level could result in the condensation and sublimation of trace substances in the fuel gas. If a
compressor is used to increase the pressure level, the additional requirements for the compressor will
apply as follows:

Additional requirements on the fuel gas when using a prechamber gas compressor for the
prechamber system
Designation Additional Limitation Unit Note
Gas temperature Min. 10 °C Higher temperatures should be checked in
at the Max. 40 °C all cases! If the engine room temperature
prechamber gas is below 30°C, trace heating and insulation
compressor inlet of the entire gas train can be carried out to
reliably avoid condensation and
sublimation.
Relative gas Max. 15 % rel. No condensate in the gas train up to the
humidity at the pre-chamber gas valve!
prechamber gas
compressor
intake

Additional requirements on the fuel gas for applications using mine gas in tropical zone countries
Special requirements exist for mine gas applications in tropical zone countries located between latitudes
30° north and 30° south. Areas affected include Central America (including Mexico), South America (with
the exception of Uruguay, Argentina and Chile), Africa, the Arabian Peninsula (including Israel), the
Indian subcontinent (Pakistan, Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka), the whole of South-East Asia (including
China), Australia (north of 30° latitude) and Oceania. To prevent condensation in the components
carrying fuel gas and mixture, the following requirements apply in these countries to the operation of
Jenbacher engine systems with mine gas.

Author(s): Fallzberger F. Responsible: Boewing R. Release date: 25/02/2021

Index: 11 Page No.: 10/24
INNIO proprietary information: CONFIDENTIAL! Use or disclosure of data contained on this sheet is subject to the restrictions on the cover or on the first page.
TA 1000-0300
Fuel gas and combustion air requirements

Additional requirements in tropical zone countries located between latitudes 30° north and 30°
south
Designation Additional Limitation Unit Note
Relative gas Max. 50 % rel. No condensate in the gas train up to the
humidity of coal gas mixer!
mine gas

Requirements on the freedom from condensate of the fuel gas - air - mixture.
In addition to water vapour, many types of gas also contain other condensable substances that demand
special attention. Condensation processes can adversely affect engine operation. This is particularly true
in the case of gases from gasification processes, which, depending on the process and the gas treatment
system, may contain condensable organic components such as tar and water-soluble naphthalene, not to
mention many others. This can have potentially negative consequences, especially for the components
conveying the fuel gas.

NOTE
Danger of engine damage
Experience shows that an insufficiently dry gas initially mostly causes malfunctions in the
valves, devices and piping outside the engine itself. If the cause is not rectified, however,
damage to the engine cannot be ruled out.

Malfunctions that occur because the fuel gases supplied are insufficiently free from condensate are not
covered by our warranty. This warranty exclusion does not apply if the contractual scope of supply of
Jenbacher expressly includes a specific fuel gas drier.
Additional information relating to freedom from condensate can be found in the Appendix.

Author(s): Fallzberger F. Responsible: Boewing R. Release date: 25/02/2021

Index: 11 Page No.: 11/24
INNIO proprietary information: CONFIDENTIAL! Use or disclosure of data contained on this sheet is subject to the restrictions on the cover or on the first page.
TA 1000-0300
Fuel gas and combustion air requirements

6 Appendix

6.1 Overview of the fuel gas requirements and limits

Physical characteristics, main components and thermodynamic requirements
Designation Additional Limitation Unit Note
Gas pressure Fluctuation ≤ 10 mbar/s
Gas temperature Min. 10 °C Higher temperatures should be checked
Max. 40 °C in all cases!
Relative gas Max. 80 % Must be guaranteed at any temperature
humidity and supply pressure!
Lower calorific Fluctuation ≤4 %/min Lower calorific value in KJ/Nm3
value
Methane number Speed of ≤ 10 MN/min According to standard calculation
change method (AVL)
Hydrogen H2 Speed of ≤4 vol%/min Especially in the case of process gases
change
Ignitability The gas must not be ignitable. Take note of statutory regulations and
limit levels!

Hydrogen (H2) in pipeline natural gas (EG)

If hydrogen is added to the natural gas in the pipeline, a maximum H2 content of 5% (vol.) is permitted. In
these cases, it is strongly recommended to use the LEANOXplus NOx control (measurement of NOx
emissions and correction of the LEANOX controller). Please note that it may be necessary to readjust the
LEANOX controller and the ignition timing. If large fluctuations (approx. +/-40 % rel. or +/-2% by volume)
of the hydrogen content are to be expected, INNIO Jenbacher GmbH & Co OG must be consulted.

6.2 Overview of the requirements and limits for the combustion air
Designation Additional Limitation Unit Note
temperature See TA 1100-0110
Particles ≤ 0.1 mg/Nm³ Purity class G3 as per EN779
Total particle A filter in the combustion air intake
content protects the system against particles.
The value specified is the design basis
for the air filter
Highly flammable Safety limits must not be exceeded. If
components the combustion air is not free of highly-
flammable components, its usability
must be agreed with INNIO Jenbacher
GmbH & Co OG.
Acid-forming and Must not enter the engine
base-forming
constituents
The table shown only represents an extract. Details can be found in the individual sections.

Author(s): Fallzberger F. Responsible: Boewing R. Release date: 25/02/2021

Index: 11 Page No.: 12/24
INNIO proprietary information: CONFIDENTIAL! Use or disclosure of data contained on this sheet is subject to the restrictions on the cover or on the first page.
TA 1000-0300
Fuel gas and combustion air requirements

6.3 Overview of the requirements and limits for the mixture

Designation Additional Limitation Unit Note
Limit levels for trace substances and impurities
Total sulphur S ≤ 700 mg/10 kWh Note effect on oil service life
≤ 1200 mg/10 kWh With limited warranty
Halogen Total Cl + 2 x F ≤ 100 mg/10 kWh Note partial load operation
compounds
≤ 400 mg/10 kWh With limited warranty
Ammonia NH3 ≤ 50 mg/10 kWh Higher NH3 values in the fuel gas may
result in the NOx values for the engine
exhaust gas stated in the specification
being exceeded.
VOSC as total Total silicon as ≤ 0.02 Silicon SiO value in operation to be
silicon SiBG (silicon determined exactly by means of oil
operational limit analysisB
value)
Highly flammable Acetylene ≤ 0.02 % vol. These substances can cause
components (C2H2) uncontrolled spontaneous combustion in
carbonyl the system!
sulphide (COS)
Limit levels for oil, condensate and particles
Particles - A filter in the gas train protects the
system against particles The filter in the
gas train is not used as a work filter
Total oil content ≤ 0.2 mg/10 kWh
Tar CxHyRz No tar in Where gases (particularly wood gas)
components contain tar, the gas train must be fitted
that are in with a trace heating system and thermal
contact with insulation!
the gas or
mixture
Condensate or -
No condensate and no sublimation of
sublimate water or tars in components that come
into contact with gas and/or mixture.
Additional requirements when Jenbacher fuel gas or exhaust gas treatment systems are used
Total sulphur S ≤ 500 mg/10 kWh When Jenbacher active carbon system
is used
≤ 200 mg/10 kWh When Jenbacher CO catalytic converter
is used
≤ 20 mg/10 kWh When Jenbacher formaldehyde catalytic
converter is used
Halogen Total Cl + 2 x F ≤ 200 mg/10 kWh When Jenbacher active carbon system
compounds is used
≤ 200 mg/10 kWh When Jenbacher ClAir system is used
≤ 20 mg/10 kWh When Jenbacher CO catalytic converter
or Jenbacher formaldehyde catalytic
converter is used

Author(s): Fallzberger F. Responsible: Boewing R. Release date: 25/02/2021

Index: 11 Page No.: 13/24
INNIO proprietary information: CONFIDENTIAL! Use or disclosure of data contained on this sheet is subject to the restrictions on the cover or on the first page.
TA 1000-0300
Fuel gas and combustion air requirements

Designation Additional Limitation Unit Note

VOSC as total Total silicon as ≤ 0.0005 When Jenbacher CO catalytic converter
silicon SiBG or Jenbacher formaldehyde catalytic
converter used
Total trace The metals and heavy metals listed as examples have the effect of deactivating the
elements when catalytic converter. This reduces its service life accordingly.
catalytic • Sulphur, phosphorus, lead, mercury, arsenic, antimony, zinc, copper, tin, iron,
converter is used nickel, chromium, etc.
• The warranty will cease to apply if the cumulative volume of these elements
exceeds 350g/m3 of catalytic converter honeycomb. The evidence will be provided
by quantitative analysis of a used sample. The exhaust gas must, in all cases, be
free of silicon compounds, such as siloxanes.
Additional requirements on the fuel gas for engines with a prechamber system
Total sulphur S ≤ 200 mg/10 kWh
Additional requirements on the fuel gas when using a prechamber gas compressor for the
prechamber system
Gas temperature Min. 10 °C Higher temperatures should be checked
at the Max. 40 °C in all cases! If the engine room
prechamber gas temperature is below 30°C, trace
compressor heating and insulation of the entire gas
train can be carried out to reliably avoid
condensation and sublimation.
Relative gas Max. 15 % rel. No condensate in the gas train up to the
humidity at the prechamber gas valve!
prechamber gas
compressor
intake
Additional fuel gas requirements for mine gas in tropical zone countries between latitudes 30°
north and 30° south
This additional requirement for mine gas applications typically applies to the countries of Central America
(incl. Mexico), South America (with the exception of Uruguay, Argentina and Chile), Africa, the Arabian
peninsula (incl. Israel), the Indian subcontinent (Pakistan, Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka), the whole of
South-East Asia (incl. China), Australia (north of 30° latitude) and Oceania.
Relative gas Max. 50 % rel. No condensate in the gas train up to the
humidity of coal gas mixer!
mine gas
The table shown only represents an extract. Details can be found in the individual sections.

6.4 Explanation of freedom from condensate

If this Technical Instruction is adhered to, no condensate should form at any point on components
carrying fuel gas and mixtures. Should condensation nevertheless occur, the following explanations may
prove helpful.

The most common types of condensate formation

Gas Condensate texture Most common consequences for engines
Biogas, sludge gas and Acidic water, also as an Corrosion (→ wear)
landfill gas emulsion with the TAN concentration or pH reduction in lubricating
lubricating oil in the gas oil
compressor

Author(s): Fallzberger F. Responsible: Boewing R. Release date: 25/02/2021

Index: 11 Page No.: 14/24
INNIO proprietary information: CONFIDENTIAL! Use or disclosure of data contained on this sheet is subject to the restrictions on the cover or on the first page.
TA 1000-0300
Fuel gas and combustion air requirements

Gas Condensate texture Most common consequences for engines

Carbon deposited on valves, piston ring grooves
and slots
Associated petroleum gas Higher hydrocarbon Film of lubricating oil washed off (seizing)
compounds in liquid form Knocking combustion
Edges burnt off
Higher hydrocarbon Carbon deposits on: valves, piston ring grooves
compounds in liquid form and slots
and/or crude oil
Liquid gas, propane gas Liquid propane/butane Film of lubricating oil washed off (seizing)
Knocking combustion
Edges burnt off
Gas from gasification Same as all other gases Same as all other gases
process, process gases

Influence on engine operation

④
⑦

⑤ ⑥
② ③ ⑦ ⑧
①

Component Effect Solution Detection

No. ① Clogging of gas filter, sources Clean or replace affected Visual inspection at
Gas train of membranes, deposits from parts as described in 10,000 operating hours
condensate or sublimate Maintenance Instruction (Oh) or in the event of a
malfunction
Nr. ② No known consequences
Gas mixer
Nr. ③ Deposits on compressor wheel Clean at 10,000 Oh as Problems in reaching full
Turbo charger or diffuser described in Maintenance load/power reduction
Plan or as required
No. ④ Clogged with tar deposits; valve Clean with solvent. Can be Visual inspection at
Turbo charger failure in the worst-case cleaned at the same time 10,000 Oh or in the event
bypass valve scenario as intercooler (10,000 Oh) of a malfunction

Author(s): Fallzberger F. Responsible: Boewing R. Release date: 25/02/2021

Index: 11 Page No.: 15/24
INNIO proprietary information: CONFIDENTIAL! Use or disclosure of data contained on this sheet is subject to the restrictions on the cover or on the first page.
TA 1000-0300
Fuel gas and combustion air requirements

Component Effect Solution Detection

No. ⑤ No known consequences
Intercooler 1.
stage
No. ⑥ Clogged with tar deposits and Clean with intercooler Large fall in pressure can
Intercooler 2. condensate; possible power cleaning device be equalised to a certain
stage reduction as a result of extent using turbocharger
increasing pressure loss reserves; indication:
increase in boost pressure
No. ⑦ Clogged by tar deposits; Mechanical cleaning. Can Large fall in pressure can
Flame barrier possible power reduction be cleaned at the same be equalised to a certain
time as the intercooler extent using turbocharger
(10,000 Oh) reserves; indication:
increase in boost pressure
Component temperature
greater than e.g.
intercooler temperature
(~80-90°C)
No. ⑧ Clogged by tar deposits; in Clean with solvent. Can be Visual inspection at
Throttle valve worst case, failure of the throttle cleaned at the same time 10,000 Oh or in the event
valve as intercooler (10,000 Oh) of a malfunction
No. ⑨ - - -
Engine

How to avoid malfunctions resulting from condensate in the fuel gas

• In general, the technical project execution department at Jenbacher should be contacted if
condensation occurs.
• Condense the vapour by cooling and/or expansion.
• Mechanical separation (e.g. cyclone or separation filter) and by gas-tight discharge of the
condensate.
• The fuel gas line leading to the engine must be designed not to allow the gas to continue to cool down
(and also not to be expanded by resistance or downstream pressure reducers). If necessary, the fuel
gas line must be insulated or provided with a trace heating system.
• In spite of the freedom from condensate found at the condensate test points, a certain amount of
condensate can find its way into the engine. It is therefore very important to ensure that the
condensate is as free from acid-forming components as possible. To verify this, the pH-value of the
aqueous extract taken from the condensate separators must be checked. The stronger the acid, the
more powerful the adverse effect is, even with condensate quantities that can hardly be verified.

ATTENTION
Skin hazards from chemical substances! Corrosive condensate
The safety instructions must be observed when draining condensate from the gas system.
Wear acid-resistant gloves when handling condensate.

Author(s): Fallzberger F. Responsible: Boewing R. Release date: 25/02/2021

Index: 11 Page No.: 16/24
INNIO proprietary information: CONFIDENTIAL! Use or disclosure of data contained on this sheet is subject to the restrictions on the cover or on the first page.
TA 1000-0300
Fuel gas and combustion air requirements

6.5 Check list for fuel gas quality information

General information
Name of the project or the plant
Location (country and/or city) of the plant
Name of the contact person
Telephone number
Origin of the gas
Gas type classification:
Natural gas (NG)
Associated gas (APG)
Biogas, sludge gas, landfill gas (BG)
Mine gas (CMG)
Gases from gasification processes (GG)
Process gases (PG)
Liquid gas, propane gas (LG)

Physical properties
Gas pressure (from – to) - mbar(o)
Gas temperature (from – to) - °C
Gas relative humidity (from – to) - %
Atmospheric pressure (from – to) - mbar

Main components Relevant for the % by vol. Measurement method

following gas types
*
N A B C G P L
G P G M G G G
G G
Methan CH44 X X X X X X X
Ethane C2H<sub>6</ X X X
sub>6
Propane C3H<sub>8</ X X X X
sub>8
Butane C4H<sub>10</ X X X
sub>10
Pentane X X X
C5H₁₂12
Hexane X X X
C6H₁₄14
Carbon monoxide CO X X X
Hydrogen H22 X X
Carbon dioxide CO22 X X X X X
Nitrogen N22 X X X X X
Oxygen O22 X X X X
Miscellaneous X X X X X X X

Author(s): Fallzberger F. Responsible: Boewing R. Release date: 25/02/2021

Index: 11 Page No.: 17/24
INNIO proprietary information: CONFIDENTIAL! Use or disclosure of data contained on this sheet is subject to the restrictions on the cover or on the first page.
TA 1000-0300
Fuel gas and combustion air requirements

Trace substances and Relevant for the Qty. mg/10 Measurement method
impurities following gas types kWh
*
N A B C G P L
G P G M G G G
G G
Ammonia NH33 X X X
Total chlorine X X X
Total fluoride X X X
Prussic acid HCN X
Hydrogen sulphide H2S X X X X
Total organosilicon X
compounds
Total sulphur X X
X X
Acetylene C2H22 X X
Carbonyl sulphide COS X X
Tar Benzene X X
Naphthalene X X
Tar dew point X X temperature °C
Miscellaneous X X X X X X X

Particles
< 3 µm X X X
> 3 µm X X X
Miscellaneous X X X X X X X

* The individual positions are relevant if this component is (or can be) present in the gas. Positions
allocated to a gas type are marked "X" and are required in each case.
Other information:

Analysis institutes known to Jenbacher can be recommended.

Author(s): Fallzberger F. Responsible: Boewing R. Release date: 25/02/2021

Index: 11 Page No.: 18/24
INNIO proprietary information: CONFIDENTIAL! Use or disclosure of data contained on this sheet is subject to the restrictions on the cover or on the first page.
TA 1000-0300
Fuel gas and combustion air requirements

6.6 Organosilicon compounds in biogas, sludge gas and landfill gas

Organosilicon compounds
Organosilicon compounds are found in fuel gases from landfills, water purification plants and biogas
installations (depending on the source of the biomass). When using these fuel gases in combustion
engines, silicon oxide is produced (quartz particles), which may result in increased maintenance of the
machinery and, in certain cases, in the deactivation of an exhaust gas catalytic converter.
Siloxanes, silanes and silanoles all belong to the organosilicon compound group. Siloxanes are
increasingly used in cosmetics, detergents and as anti-foaming agents in industry. The other substances
enter the fuel gas primarily as siloxane decomposition products. These are combustible and very volatile
substances that originate from watery systems (sludge, fermenters, landfill leach water).
An assessment of the levels of organosilicon compounds in fuel gas should be carried out in the following
applications:
• Gases from landfills
• Gases from sewage plants that mainly process domestic waste water
• Gases from biogas installations, depending on the origin of the biomass
• Gases from landfills where intermediate products from silicon chemical processes or other silicon-
containing products are dumped, and gases from sewage plants into which silicon-containing effluent
is discharged
While the tried and tested Jenbacher renewable active carbon system effectively removes these
organosilicon compounds from sludge gas and biogas, any decision to use this cleaning technique for
landfill gas should be taken on a case-by-case basis.

Determining levels of organosilicon compounds

The total of the organosilicon compounds contained in the fuel gas is used to calculate the total silicon
atoms contained in the fuel gas in [mg/Nm³]. Given the methane value, this value can be converted into
the content of silicon atoms from organosilicon compounds in [mg/10 kWh].
Particularly in the case of fuel gases from landfill sites, Jenbacher's advice is to analyse the organosilicon
compounds in the preparatory project phase in order to estimate the expected level of maintenance
operations. The analysis results also provide Jenbacher with a framework on which to base its advice for
the best gas-cleaning method, taking into account feasibility and efficiency aspects.
The sampling and analysis of organosilicon compounds in the typically occurring concentrations do not
reflect the generally accepted state-of-the-art. Jenbacher offers its customers a tried and tested analysis
technique which the company has developed itself. The sampling should only be performed by trained
specialist Jenbacher staff.
During operation, the silicon load is determined from the silicon content of the oil. Strict maintenance of
this limiting value forms the basis for the validity of a service contract. This limit value does not indicate
the current silicon load value, but shows the amount of silicon accumulated during the period between
two oil analyses.

Requirements for sampling and the selection of the sampling location

Identifying the organosilicon compounds in fuel gas is always a reflection of the current situation at the
time the sample was taken. Sample taking can only yield suitable results if the fuel gas source to be
sampled meets the following criteria:
1. The sample location must be a part of the gas line with a constant gas flow and must be free of
condensate. Up or downward pipe sections are well suited for this purpose. In case of horizontal pipe
sections, the sample location must branch off upward, otherwise condensate will collect in the
branches. This also falsifies the sample if the condensate has been drained off and the gas is visually
dry.

Author(s): Fallzberger F. Responsible: Boewing R. Release date: 25/02/2021

Index: 11 Page No.: 19/24
INNIO proprietary information: CONFIDENTIAL! Use or disclosure of data contained on this sheet is subject to the restrictions on the cover or on the first page.
TA 1000-0300
Fuel gas and combustion air requirements

2. The fuel gas supply must have been up and running without interruption for at least three (3) hours.
The gas volume flow must be at least 75 % of the operational gas flow that would be needed at full-
load condition of the projected gas engine installation. With gas lines having a reduced flow during
sample there is the risk of a faulty measurement when trace components condens on cold surfaces
and/or when silicon-organic compounds are absorbed in other condensed trace components.
3. The sampling location should preferably be in the pressurised part of the fuel gas line upstream of the
projected engine is reached. However, sample taking in negative pressure lines is also possible.
4. During this period, landfill gas installations require the suction pressure to be approximately the same
as the suction pressure during the projected full-load operation. Landfills which produce no gas flows
in the volumes required for the projected engine operation cannot be sampled satisfactorily. In the
case of landfills, suitable samples can only be taken in a gas collecting line. Sample taking from
individual sources will not yield results that can be used as described in this Technical Instruction.
5. In order to achieve a fuel gas trace element load that is as constant as possible, none of the settings
of the operational gas installation should be modified during sample taking.

6.7 Note about the mixture

Polluted combustion air may be used in individual cases provided that the pollutants it contains are not
already present in the fuel gas in the maximum permitted concentration. Note here that the mixture ratio
is dependent on the fuel gas composition and determines the specific combustion air requirement. The
mixture ratio is roughly 4 for gases originating from gasification processes, and this means that the fuel
gas must be mixed with approximately 4 times its volume of combustion air. The figure for this ratio for
natural gas or propane is more than 20. The Table below shows approximate mixture ratios for individual
gas types.
Fuel gas Mixture ratio of combustion air to fuel gas (approximate,
depends on the project)
Natural gas (NG) 22
Associated petroleum gas (APG) 13
Biogas, sludge gas, landfill gas (BG) 8
Coal mine gas (CMG) 10
Gases from gasification processes 4
(GG)
Process gases (PG) 8
Liquid gas, propane gas (LG) 24

This shows that the ingress of harmful substances via the combustion air (with the same concentrations
as in the fuel gas) can lead to significantly more severe damage to the engine.
This means that the sulphur limit of 700 mg/10 kWh applicable to fuel gas can be converted to the
combustion air using the mixture ratio. For example, a sulphur limit of 88 mg/Nm³ for the combustion air
can be calculated for an engine running on biogas, provided that the fuel gas is totally free of sulphur! The
mixture ratio contains the conversion of [mg/10 kWh] in [mg/Nm³].
The following Appendix shows a calculation example for a plant with polluted fuel gas and polluted
combustion air.

6.8 Sample calculations

Sample calculation trace substance concentration SC

Measured concentration [mg/Nm3]

Author(s): Fallzberger F. Responsible: Boewing R. Release date: 25/02/2021

Index: 11 Page No.: 20/24
INNIO proprietary information: CONFIDENTIAL! Use or disclosure of data contained on this sheet is subject to the restrictions on the cover or on the first page.
TA 1000-0300
Fuel gas and combustion air requirements

SC = ──────────────────────────────── X 10
Calorific value [kWh/Nm3]
Concentrations are frequently indicated in volume-related quantities e.g. ppm (parts per million), which
must be converted in an intermediate step to mg/Nm3 using the density under normal conditions: i.e.
SC’ [mg/Nm3] = Measured concentration [ppm] x element density [kg/Nm3]
Remark: Expressing the quantity as ppm (=10-6) and converting from kg to mg (10+6) cancel each other
out.
Calculation example for biogas
CO2 40%
CH4 60%
H 2S 260 ppm (at normal density condition = 1.52 kg/Nm3)
Lower calorific value 6 kWh/Nm3 (= 60% of 100% CH4 = 10 kWh/Nm3)

Step 1: Conversion of measured value in ppm to mg/Nm3, referred to H2S

SC’1 [mg/Nm3]= 260 [ppm] x 1.52 [kg/Nm3] SC’1= 395 mg/Nm3

Step 2: Conversion of the value in relation to H2S to the limited sulphur value in mg/Nm3
Sulphur molar mass 32
3
SC’ [mg/Nm ]= ───────────────── x SC’1 SC’ [mg/Nm ]= ─── x 395 [mg/Nm3]
3

Molar mass of H2S 34

SC’= 372 mg/Nm3

Step 3: Conversion of measured value in mg/Nm3 to comparison value (mg/10 kWh).

372 [mg/Nm3]
SC= ──────────── x10 ⇨ SC= 620 mg/10 kWh actual value
6 [kWh/Nm3]

Without catalytic converter ⇨ SC G= 700 mg/10 kWh SC < SC G ⇨ OK

In principle, this sample calculation also applies to all limit values expressed as mg/10 kWh.

Calculation example for a plant with polluted fuel gas and polluted combustion air
The combustion air for the biogas plant in the above example contains sulphur dioxide (SO2) in a
concentration of 12 mg/Nm³.
Step 1: Conversion of the value referred to SO2 to the limited sulphur value in mg/Nm3
Sulphur molar mass 32
SC’‘ [mg/Nm3]= ───────────────── x SC’‘1 SC’‘ [mg/Nm3]= ─── x 12 [mg/Nm3]
SO molar mass2 64

SC’‘= 6 mg/Nm3

Author(s): Fallzberger F. Responsible: Boewing R. Release date: 25/02/2021

Index: 11 Page No.: 21/24
INNIO proprietary information: CONFIDENTIAL! Use or disclosure of data contained on this sheet is subject to the restrictions on the cover or on the first page.
TA 1000-0300
Fuel gas and combustion air requirements

Step 2: calculation of the additional sulphur ingress via the combustion air
For biogas, the mixture ratio of combustion air to fuel gas is 8. The mixture ratio contains the conversion
of [mg/Nm³] in [mg/10 kWh].
SCLuft [mg/Nm3] = SC‘‘ x mixture ratio SCLuft = 6 [mg/Nm³] x 8 [mg/10 kWh]/[mg/Nm³]
SCLuft = 48 mg/10 kWh
Step 3: calculation of the total sulphur ingress
SCtot = SC + SCLuft SCtot = 620 [mg/10 kWh] + 48 [mg/10 kWh]
SCtot = 668 mg/10 kWh
SCtot < SCG ⇨ OK

Sample calculation for converter gas

Main gas components Value Unit
Acetylene C2H22 < 0.1 % vol.
Higher-value HC (> C5H12) < 0.2 % vol.
CO 67.75 % vol.
N2 13.21 % vol.
CO2 16.22 % vol.
H 2O 2.52 % vol.

Trace substances and impurities Value Unit

H 2S 80 ppm
HF 7.1 mg/10 kWh
HCl 4.0 mg/10 kWh

Gas characteristics Value Unit

Lower calorific value 2.38 kWh/Nm3

Hydrofluoric and hydrochloric acid

Step 1: calculation of the total quantity of chlorine
Chlorine molar mass 35.4
Cl [mg/10 kWh]= ─────────────── x Cl’ Cl [mg/10 kWh]= ──── x 4 [10 mg/kWh]
HCl molar mass 36.4

Cl= 3.9 [mg/10 kWh]

Step 2: calculation of the total quantity of fluoride

Fluorine molar mass 19
F [mg/10 kWh]= ─────────────── x F' F [mg/10 kWh]= ──── x 7.1 [10 mg/kWh]
HF molar mass 20

F = 6.7 [mg/10 kWh]

Step 3: calculation of the total quantity of halogens

Author(s): Fallzberger F. Responsible: Boewing R. Release date: 25/02/2021

Index: 11 Page No.: 22/24
INNIO proprietary information: CONFIDENTIAL! Use or disclosure of data contained on this sheet is subject to the restrictions on the cover or on the first page.
TA 1000-0300
Fuel gas and combustion air requirements

Hal [mg/10 kWh] Cl + 2 x F Hal [mg/10 kWh] 3.9 [mg/10 kWh] + 2 x 6.7 [mg/10 kWh]
= =

Hal = 17.3 [mg/10 kWh]

Step 4: comparison of actual and setpoint value

Without catalytic ➔ HalG = 100 mg/10kWh Hal < HalG ➔ OK
converter

In principle, these sample calculations apply to all limit values indicated in mg/10 kWh.

Sample calculation of silicon operational value SiB

Determined using two oil analyses:
∆ Si Gehalt im Motoröl: the increase of the Si content in the lubricating oil in ppm between two analyses, and
∆ oil service life: the operating time in hours between the two oil analyses.
∆ Si Gehalt im Motoröl [ppm] x total operating oil volume (l)
Si Betriebskennwert [SiB] = ────────────────────────────────────────────
─ x 1.1
Average engine power output [kW] x ∆ oil service life (h)

The total operating oil volume equals the oil volume in the oil pan plus the oil volume of any additional oil
tanks, if installed.
Refilling volume is definitely excluded.
Sample calculation
Increase in the Si content of the engine oil between 40 ppm
two oil samples
Total operating oil volume 500 l
Engine power output 2000 kW
Operational oil life between the analyses 600 h

40 ppm x 500 l
SiB= ─────────────── x 1.1
2000 kW x 600 h

SiB= 0.018 actual value

SiBG= 0.02 SiB < SiBG ⇨ OK

Author(s): Fallzberger F. Responsible: Boewing R. Release date: 25/02/2021

Index: 11 Page No.: 23/24
INNIO proprietary information: CONFIDENTIAL! Use or disclosure of data contained on this sheet is subject to the restrictions on the cover or on the first page.
TA 1000-0300
Fuel gas and combustion air requirements

7 Revision code
Revision history
Index Date Description/Revision summary Expert
Verifier
11 25.02.2021 Überschrift „Wasserstoff (H2) im Leitungserdgas (EG)“ in Fuchs J.
Kapitel 6.1 ergänzt / Heading "Hydrogen (H2) in pipeline Boewing R.
natural gas (EG)" added to Chapter 6.1
Text in Überschrift „Flüssiggas, Propangas“ unter Kapitel 4
aktualisiert / Text in heading "Liquefied petroleum gas,
propane gas" under Chapter 4 updated
10 28.02.2020 Ergänzung von Kapitel “Anforderungen und Grenzwerte an Birgel A.
das Treibgas“ / Addition of chapter „Fuel gas requirements Boewing R.
and limits“
9 30.04.2019 GE durch INNIO ersetzt / GE replaced by INNIO Opoku Pichler R.
8 30.11.2015 Ergänzung „Klassifizierung – Potenzieller Kunde“ / Additional Bilek
„Classification - Prospective Customers“ Kelly
Geringfügige Änderungen (Formatierung, Terminologie, Provin
Übersetzung)/ Minor Changes (formatting, terminology, Nübling
translation)
Ergänzung Verbrennungsluft und Gemisch / Extension for Provin
intake air and mixture Nübling,Wall
7 30.04.2015 Implementierung TA 1000-0301, TA 1000-0302, TA Provin
1400-0091 und Umbenennung Treibgasanforderungen/ Nübling, Wall
Implementation TA 1000-0301, TA 1000-0302, TA 1400-0091
SprungMarke!!!90071992570916875
and renaming Fuel gas requirements

Author(s): Fallzberger F. Responsible: Boewing R. Release date: 25/02/2021

Index: 11 Page No.: 24/24
INNIO proprietary information: CONFIDENTIAL! Use or disclosure of data contained on this sheet is subject to the restrictions on the cover or on the first page.