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Paper Chromatography

- The document describes a paper chromatography experiment performed to separate different colored inks and analyze their components. Key objectives were to observe color separation, analyze mixtures, and identify ink components by calculating Rf values. - The procedure involved drawing a baseline on paper and spotting ink dots, then immersing the paper in water or ethanol to allow solvent to carry ink components up the paper at different rates. - Results showed separation of green ink into blue and yellow-green, and light green into yellow and blue, when using water. Ethanol caused less separation. This demonstrated paper chromatography's ability to analyze mixtures.

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159 views

Paper Chromatography

- The document describes a paper chromatography experiment performed to separate different colored inks and analyze their components. Key objectives were to observe color separation, analyze mixtures, and identify ink components by calculating Rf values. - The procedure involved drawing a baseline on paper and spotting ink dots, then immersing the paper in water or ethanol to allow solvent to carry ink components up the paper at different rates. - Results showed separation of green ink into blue and yellow-green, and light green into yellow and blue, when using water. Ethanol caused less separation. This demonstrated paper chromatography's ability to analyze mixtures.

Uploaded by

Asida Maronsing Delion
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NAME:: RADZAK, MUSLIMA S.

Date performed: April 01, 2022


COURSE&YEAR: BSED-SCIENCE 1A

I- Objectives

• To observe and understand the separation of different colors using paper


Chromatography.

• To analyze a mixture, it's compound and their relations to one another.

• To identify components of inks by calculating Rf values.

I- Introduction

Chromatography is a technique that is used to separate and to identify components of a


mixture consists mainly two phases, mobile phase and stationary phase. As the name indicate
mobile phase is a moving fluid stream, it may be either a gas or a liquid and Stationary phase is
motionless, it may be either a solid or a liquid. This analytical technique has a wide range of
applications in the real world since many substances are mixtures of chemical compounds.The
method is comparatively cheap and helps to separate dissolved chemical substance by their
different rates of migration through paper sheets. The method requires very minute quantity of
sample for analysis.

This can be used in secondary or primary coluors in ink experiments. This method has been
largerly replaced by thin layer chromatography , but is still a powerful teaching toolI paper
chromatography, the sample mixture is applied to a piece of filter paper,the edge of the paper
is immersed in a solvent, and the solvent moves up the paper by capillary action. Components
of the mixture are carried along with the solvent up the paper to varying degrees, depending on
the compound's preference to be adsorbed tot he paper versus being carried along with the
solvent. The paper is composed of celluloseto which polar water molecules are adsorbed, while
the solvent is less polar, usuallyconsisting of a mixture of water and an organic liquid.

II- procedure

1. In a piece of paper towel i drawed a baseline across the paper using a pencil. Then i putted a
4 dots markers using different colors along the line.

2. I putted some water atleast 1/2 inch in a clear bottle glass, i carefully labelled paper towel
inside the bottle glass. Then i doubled checked if there's no submerged occurs under the water
its should be above the water level.
3. After that i covered the bottle glass with plastic covers then i observed the reaction within
few minutes.

4. I repeated procedures 1,2 and 3, at this time i used ethanol instead of water.

V - Set Up / Results (show a complete set up or documentation on how you perform the activity
at home-)

As a results Paper chromatography has provend to be successful in the analysis of chemical


compound i saw the changes in different colors within a few minutes that the green ink rise up
and changes the color to blue and the top is yellow green while the light green ink rise up its
change the color to yellow and the top is blue while the yellow and blue colors are no changes
occurs in water solvent. In ethanol solvent the green ink separated to blue when it rise up but
not widely and there's a yellow green to the top , while in light green ink its separated too in
pine green color and the remaining ink which is blue and yellow had no separated occurs.

So that there's a separation in different colors the molecules separate into layers as the
molecules pass through the filter depends on filtering method or to do with the chemicals that
make up the color, water, ethanol. The edge of the paper is carefully immersed in a solvent,
after that the solvent moves up the paper due to the capillary action. The paper is allowed to
remain in the solvent until the uppermost pigment band nears the top of the paper. I found out
that its uses paper as stationary phrase and the liquid solvent as the mobile phase.

VI- Questions

1.) What is Chromatography? How about chromatogram??

Chromatography is a method used by scientists for separating organic and inorganic


compounds so that they can be analyzed and studied it is great physical method for observing
mixtures and solvents. The word chromatography means "color writing" which is a way that a
chemist can test liquid mixtures, while A chromatogram is the output (product of that
technique that used.

2) What are the advantages of chromatography?

The advantages of chromatography is can controlled by a single person and it's work on broad
range of sample which fast analysis method that can be highly accurate and precise also the
separation of components can be achieved in different methods.

3.) Compare the reaction between the two (2) solvents: Water and Ethanol
In my observation the reaction between two solvents is different because in water solvents the
the ink of different colors is fastered rise up or separated while in ethanol solvents is slowed to
rise up the difference colors beause of the presence of ethanol and between of two there's a
difference changes in separating a colored.

4 )Why pencil is used for initial markings or first line?

In paper chromatography pencil is used for initial markings of first line beacuse its does not
dissolve in the solvent and thus it will not affect the separation or the results.

5.)What are the factors affecting chromatography?

The factors affecting chromatography are the quality nature of solvent and the paper used,
temperature of the column, pressure and the Composition of the mobile phase.

6).What would be the possibility if the markings will be submerged under the water?? Explain.

Failing present in our calculations would be the possibility results if the markings will be
submerged under the water the dots simply dissolve in the water and not travels up the paper
at all because the presence of water that means without chromatography occurs because
there's no separation of mixture when its submerged.

7.) What is the mobile phase and stationary phase?

The stationary phase is the phase that doesn't move and the mobile phase is the phase that
does move. The mobile phase moves through the stationary phase picking up the compounds
to be tested. As the mobile phase continues to travel through the stationary phase it takes the
compounds with it. At different points in the stationary phase the different components of the
compound are going to be absorbed and are going to

stop moving with the mobile phase.

Conclusion

The findings of this paper chromatography experiment clearly shows the importance of paper
chromatography in helping to analyze any other relevant mixtures that has properties of being
separated by the paper. The method works because of the difference in the ways various
components of a mixture are absorbed and redissolve from a piece of paper.The temperature
and humidity must be controlled for constant Rf. The main thing is that its a simple technique
and can be performed faster. The key separation is that the different components of the
mixture in each spot will rise at different rates, so will be found in a few minutes to have
reached different heights on the paper.This happen because some components are more
strongly attractive to the paper ( and so move slowly) while others are more strongly attracted
to the solvent.

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