7

Technology and
Livelihood
Education
SMAW NCI – Module 4
Evaluate Hazards and Risks

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Technology and Livelihood Education – Grade 7
Alternative Delivery Mode
SMAW NCI - Module 4: Evaluate Hazards and Risks
First Edition, 2020
Republic Act 8293, Section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any
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authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor M. Briones
Undersecretary: _______________________________
Assistant Secretary: _______________________________
Development Team of the Module
Writer: Antonio S. Santos Jr., Teacher I

Reviewers: : Romeo S. Arenaza, Principal I

Warlito S. Mejos, Principal I
Ramon V. Potutan Jr. Teacher III
Kris Rovenson S. Arances, Teacher II
Nedh Ella L. Erojo, Teacher I
Mannaseh A. Lina, Teacher I

Management Team
Chairperson: Dr. Arturo B. Bayocot, CESO III
Regional Director
Co-Chairpersons: Dr. Victor G. De Gracia Jr. CESO V
Asst. Regional Director
Edwin R. Maribojoc, EdD, CESO VI
Schools Division Superintendent
Myra P. Mebato,PhD, CESE
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Mala Epra B. Magnaong, Chief ES, CLMD
Members Neil A. Improgo, EPS-LRMS
Bienvenido U. Tagolimot, Jr., EPS-ADM
Samuel C. Silacan, EdD, CID Chief
Joseph T. Boniao, EPS –EPP/TLE
Rone Ray M. Portacion, EdD, EPS – LRMS
Edwin V. Palma, PSDS
Ray G. Salcedo, Principal II/District In-charge
Avilla G. Taclob, Principal I/District In-charge
Agnes P. Gonzales, PDO II
Vilma M. Inso, Librarian II

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Department of Education – Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)
Office Address: Zone 1, Upper Balulang, Cagayan de Oro City 9000
Telefax: (088) 880-7071, (088) 880-7072
E-mail Address: [email protected]
7
Technology and
Livelihood
Education
SMAW NCI – Module 4
Evaluate Hazards and Risks

This instructional material was collaboratively developed

and reviewed by educators from public schools. We encourage
teachers and other education stakeholders to email their
feedback, comments, and recommendations to the Department
of Education at action@ deped.gov.ph.

We value your feedback and recommendations.

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Introductory Message

For the learner:

Welcome to the Technology and Livelihood Education 7 Alternative

Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on (Evaluate Hazards and Risks)!

A healthy mind and body is the most essential when it comes to our
daily work. With this, one must know the importance of knowing the hazards
and risks that revolves around our work place. For the untrained worker, he
would say "it is the correct way of using the tools and equipment" but for the
trained worker it is not just knowing the safest way of using it but he is also
aware of the hazards involve. The safety of the workers around you depends
entirely with you. "BE VIGILANT! WORK SAFE! STAY SAFE"

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time.
You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while
being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to This will give you an idea of the skills or
Know competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.
This is a brief drill or review to help you link
What’s In
the current lesson with the previous one.
In this portion, the new lesson will be
What’s New
introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.
What is It This section provides a brief discussion of
the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or
skill into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of
the lesson learned. This also tends retention
of learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.
The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part
of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the
exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other
activities included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with
it.
7. If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do
not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind
that you are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful

learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can
do it!
Table of Contents

What I Need to Know ------------------------------ 1

What I Know ------------------------------ 1
Definition of Terms ------------------------------ 3

EVALUATE HAZARDS AND RISKS

What’s In ------------------------------ 4
What’s New ------------------------------ 5
What is It ------------------------------ 6
What’s More - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 15
What I Have Learned - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 16
What I Can Do - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 17
Assessment - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 18
Additional Activities - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 19
Answer Key - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 20
References - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 22
What I need to know?

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to
help you identify the hazards correctly in accordance with Occupational Safety
and Health Standard.

After going through this module, specifically you are expected to:

1. Identify work hazards in the workplace.

What I know

Let us determine how much you already know about identifying

hazardous area. Take this test.

MULTIPLE CHOICE:
Directions: Read the questions carefully. Select the letter of the correct
answer. Write your answer in your SMAW activity notebook.
1. Which of the following solid harmful substance that is ground, cut or
crushed by mechanical actions?
a. dust c. mist
b. fumes d. vapor
2. Which can damage both your eyes and skin?
a. arc rays c. fumes and gases
b. electric shock d. fire and explosion

3. What kind of hazards that can cause psychological problems?

a. Biological hazards c. Ergonomics hazards
b. Chemical hazards d. Physical hazards

4. Which is not a possible route of entry of chemical hazards?

a. Absorption c. Ingestion
b. Injection d. Radiation

1
5. Which hazards that is caused by living organisms?
a. Biological hazards c. Ergonomics hazards
b. Chemical hazards d. Physical hazards
6. Which signs contain instructions that need to be complied with; constitute
an offense under law, standing orders, and company policy?
a. Mandatory Signs c. Regulatory Signs
b. Prohibition Signs d. Warning Signs
7. Which sign indicates a potential hazardous situation which, if not avoided,
could result in death or serious injury?
a. Danger Signs c. Regulatory Signs
b. Prohibition Signs d. Warning Signs
8. Which are regulatory signs that indicate that an action or activity is not
allowed?
a. Mandatory Signs c. Regulatory Signs
b. Prohibition Signs d. Warning Signs
9. The following are word signs except;
a. Caution Signs c. Fire Signs
b. Danger Signs d. Warning Signs
10. Which signs show information of a general nature in order to avoid
misunderstanding or confusion?
a. Fire Signs c. General Information Signs
b. Danger Signs d. Emergency Information Signs

2
Definition of Terms

Ergonomics is the study of designing equipment and devices that fit

the workers.
Fatigue is a feeling of tiredness
Hazards is an agent which has the potential to cause harm to a
vulnerable target.
Hypothermia is defined as a body core temperature below 35.0 °C
(95.0 °F) in humans.
Illumination is the deliberate use of light to achieve practical or
aesthetic effects.
ISO International Standard Organization
Mist is a phenomenon caused by small droplets of water
suspended in air.
Radiation is the emission or transmission of energy in the form
of waves or particles through space or through a material
medium.
Sewage is a type of wastewater that is produced by
a community of people.
Vibration the word comes from Latin vibrationem ("shaking,
brandishing").

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Module
Evaluate Hazards and Risks
4
Hazards and risks are always common in our work place. These are
life threatening and some take long term effect. As you proceed in this
module, you will know how to identify, observe, and prevent work place
hazards.

What’s in?

Let's do it!
MATCHING TYPE
Directions: Match the correct description from Column A to Column B. Write
the letter of your choice in your activity notebook.

COLUMN A COLUMN B

1.

a. It is used for straightening,

2. bending, and deforming metals.

b. It is used to hold, cut, and twist

3. wires.

c. It is used for tightening bolts

and nuts.
4.
d. It is used for measuring lengths
and width.
5. e. It is used for removing slags on
weld.

f. It is used to tighten screws.

4
What’s new?

In this lesson, the learner demonstrates an understanding of the

concepts and underlying principles in Occupational Health and Safety (OHS)
procedures; identify and observe safety work habits in the workplace.

Directions: Read and analyze the sentence carefully. Choose your answers
provided in the box. Write your answer in your activity
notebook.

Hard hat Safety Harness Safety Shoes Ear Muff

Leather glove Leather Jacket Welding Helmet

Leggings Face Shield Safety Goggles Respirator

https://www.alibaba.com/trade

1. I will prevent you from falling in high places.

2. You need me when you are grinding or cutting.
3. It is I who will protect your head from falling objects.
4. Loud noises beware I am on guard duty.
5. When you are chipping off slags you need me to protect your eyes.
6. You wear me while welding overhead position.
7. I will protect your hands from heat and burns.
8. I allow the welder to see legibly while welding.
9. When there is dust and fumes use me.
10. Wear me I will protect your feet from spatters.

5
What is it?

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
1. Physical Hazards. These are due to the transfer of energy between an
object and a worker.
EXCESSIVE NOISE

Long term exposure to excessive

noise will lead to loss of hearing.

https://unsplash.com/s/photos/welding
EXTREME TEMPERATURE

Working under: extreme heat causes

heat stroke, heart burn, and cardiac
arrest
: extreme cold can cause
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
ctive_equipment hypothermia
VIBRATION

Long term exposure from using hand

held tools causes a range of
conditions and diseases.
https://unsplash.com/s/photos/constr
uction
RADIATION

Welding arcs give off radiation over a

broad range of wavelengths which
long term exposure to UV light can
https://unsplash.com/s/photos/welding produce cataracts in some persons.
INADEQUATE ILLUMINATION

Poor lighting can be a health hazard,

too much or too little light strains eyes
and may cause eye irritation and
https://unsplash.com/s/photos/welding headaches.

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2. Chemical Hazards.
These hazards arise from inhaling chemical agents in the form of:
MIST
Examples include acid mists from
electroplating, oil mists from cutting
and grinding, or paint spray mists
from painting operations.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerosol_spray

GASES
Substances in gaseous state but are
always airborne at room temperature.
Gases can contaminate the
workplace air.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas#Physical_characteristics

VAPOR
Results when substances that is liquid
at room temperature evaporate.
Vapor can also contaminate the
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporation workplace air.

DUST
Solid harmful substances are ground,
cut or crushed by mechanical actions.
The amount of dust and the kinds of
particles involved influence how
serious the lung injury will be
https://unsplash.com/s/photos/dust Example: Silicosis, Heart disease
FUMES
Fumes are very tiny solid particles
which can remain airborne, and are
formed when a heated metal has
evaporated in the air and then
https://unsplash.com/s/photos/welding condensed back to a solid form.
Fumes can occur in welding
operations.

7
Four Possible Routes of Entry of Chemical Hazards
INHALATION
Breathing of contaminated air is the
most common way that workplace
chemicals enter the body. Example:
Tuberculosis

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inhalation
INGESTION
Food and drink are most frequently
contaminated by contact with
unwashed hands, gloves or clothing,
or by being left exposed in the
workplace. Nail-biting and smoking
can also contribute to exposure.
Example: Hepatitis B infection
https://unsplash.com/s/photos/eating

ABSORPTION
Toxics pass through skin into the
bloodstreams. Skin contact with
certain organic solvents that are
absorbed through the skin may
cause dizziness and nausea.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_burn#Gallery
INJECTION
Injection is the fourth way chemicals
may enter the body. It can occur
when a sharp object (e.g., needle)
punctures the skin and injects a
chemical (or virus) directly into the
bloodstream. Example: HIV/AIDS
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injection_(medicine
)

8
3. Biological Hazards. Hazards caused by living organisms which include
insects, molds, fungi, viruses, and bacterial contamination; from defects in
sanitation and housekeeping procedures, such as in the provision of potable
water, removal of industrial wastes and sewage, food handling , and personal
cleanliness.
Agents of Biological Hazards
BACTERIA
Can be transmitted by our co-
workers. The most common fatal
bacterial diseases are respiratory
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellulitis#/media infections
/File:Cellulitis3.jpg
VIRUSES

Are spread by coughing, sneezing,

and passing by hand-to-mouth
contact or in food or water.

https://unsplash.com/s/photos/covid-19

FUNGI
It thrives in moist, warm areas, such
as locker rooms. Can cause ring
worms.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_skin_con
ditions#Mycosis-related

RIKETTSIA
Rod-shaped micro organisms that
are smaller than bacteria and
depend on a host for development
or reproduction. Micro organisms
transmitted by fleas, ticks, and lice.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocky_Mount
ain_spotted_fever

9
4. Ergonomic Hazards.

https://unsplash.com/s/photos/welding
Hazards commonly seen in the workplace, which are improperly
designed tools or work areas, improper lifting or reaching, poor visual
conditions or repeated motions in an awkward position that may be
responsible for fatigue, stress and strain and may lead to accidents in the
occupational environment.
Ergonomics is the study of designing equipment and devices that fit
the workers.
Effects of Ergonomic Hazards
a. low productivity
b. high rate of errors
c. material wastage and equipment

10
Health Problems caused by Ergonomics

Musculoskeletal Problems
Can arise from a sudden exertion
(e.g., lifting a heavy object).

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carpal_tunnel
_syndrome#Splints

Vascular Problems
Is a class of diseases of the blood
vessels, the arteries and veins of
the circulatory system of the body.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythromelalgia#/
media/File:Erythromelalgia_in_left_hand.jpg

Visual Problems
Is a decreased ability to see to a
degree that causes problems not
fixable by usual means, such
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cataract as glasses.
Hearing Problems

It can create difficulties with social

interaction and at work.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hearing_loss

Skin Problem
Skin infections may present as either a
superficial or deep infection of the skin,

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyoderma_ga
hair, and/or nails.
ngrenosum

Psychological Problems

Is a feeling of emotional strain and

pressure.

https://unsplash.com/s/photos/stress

11
PREVENTION OF HAZARDS IN THE WORKPLACE
A. WELDING SAFETY
1. Electric Shock

Wear proper protective equipment,

such as rubber boots and rubber pads,
if performing arc welding in wet or high
humidity conditions.
http://www.freedigitalphotos.
2. Arc Rays

Wear welding helmet.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cataract
3. Fumes and Gases

Wear appropriate respiratory protective

equipment.
Use proper ventilation and position
yourself out of the fume flow.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inhalation

4. Fire and Explosion

Proper maintenance and housekeeping

required to prevent fires.

https://unsplash.com/s/photos/fire
5. Face and Eye Protection

Wear face shield when doing grinding

or cutting operations.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_injury#/
media/File:Foreign_body_in_eye.jpg

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Proper Personal Protective Equipment( PPE )

http://www.freedigitalphotos.net/images/search.php?search=personal+protective+equipment+sign&p=2

B. BASIC SAFETY SIGNS AND SYMBOLS APPLICABLE IN A

WORKPLACE

Safety symbols are pictures sometimes called safety pictographs,

pictograms, or pictorials. They are used in place of, or as a supplement to
written words. These symbols provide warnings or alerts about a possible
hazard.
Because pictures may convey information better than words, graphic
symbols are added to precautionary labels to show major workplace dangers
like welding or cutting hazards.
The use of symbols on precautionary labels is optional, and is
recommended for the following reasons:
 Symbols may show and help to explain the hazards quickly.
 Symbols can be understood by both readers and non-readers.
 Symbols may be multilingual and usually translate directly into all
languages.
Welding and cutting industry has adopted standardized symbols and
uniform methods of use to avoid user confusion and to supplement and
reinforce the written message.

13
SIGNAL WORDS
The large word at the top of the label is called the signal word. It is
used in combination with a specific colored background and combined with
the safety alert symbol to indicate the degree of seriousness of a potential
hazard. Because of its colored background, the signal word is usually the first
element that you notice when looking at a safety label. According to
International Standard Organization (ISO), there are three (3) choices for a
signal word:
1. DANGER. It is used to indicate an imminently hazardous situation which, if
avoided, will result in death or serious injury. The use of this signal word
should be limited to the most extreme situations.

DANGER
2. WARNING. This indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not
avoided, could result in death or serious injury.

WARNING

3. CAUTION. It is used to indicate a potentially hazardous situation which, if

not avoided, may result in minor or moderate injury. CAUTION may also be
used without the safety color symbol (the triangle with exclamation mark) to
indicate property-damage-only.

CAUTION
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What’s more?

Cause and Effect

Directions: Given the following situation shown in the picture, what hazards
have you observed and what its effects and how to prevent. Fill in
the needed information in the table below, write your answer in
your SMAW activity notebook.

https://unsplash.com/s/photos/welding

HAZARDS EFFECTS PREVENTIONS

1.
2.
3.

15
What I have learned

Directions: Read each sentence carefully. Choose your answer in the given
options below. Write your answers in your SMAW activity
notebook.

Inhalation Protection Bacteria Electric Shock

Warning Face Shield Fire Danger
Ventilation Fungi Infrared Arc Rays

1. The most common and dangerous route of toxic is ______.

2. Ricketsia is a rod shaped that are smaller than ______ and depend on a
host for development or reproduction.
3. Holding fractured wire cable can cause ________.
4. A word sign which signifies potentially hazardous situation which, if not
avoided, may result in death or serious injury is called ___________.
5. The _______ protects the eyes while grinding.
6. The ______ sign word warns of hazard or hazardous condition is likely life-
threatening.
7. Improper maintenance and housekeeping can cause _________.
8. The main purpose of wearing eye and face protection is to provide
adequate ______ against hazards.
9. A wave that is felt as heat is called _______ .

10. The bigger diameter of the electrode, the more ______ is required.

16
What I can do

Directions: What correct preventive measure you are going to do based on

the picture shown below. Pick your answers provided in the box.
Write your answer in your SMAW activity notebook.

Wear rubber boots and pads Wear face shield. Wear gloves
Wear safety harness Wear welding helmet Maintain cleanliness
Put ventilation Wear safety helmet Wear a respirator
Wear safety shoes

1 2 3

Inhalation of smoke Man falls from building Hand injury

4 5 6

Blur eyesight dirty work area confined space

7 8 9

Eye injury Head injury Foot injury

10

Electric shock

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Assessment

Directions: Read the questions properly and pick the correct answer from the
list of hazards and preventions in the box. Write your answers in
your SMAW activity notebook.
Absorption Respirator Ergonomics Fungi
Electric shock Hearing problems Caution Danger
Face Shield Safety Harness Ingestion Dust
Welding Helmet Safety symbols Virus Welding spats

_____1. It is a solid harmful substance ground, cut or crushed by mechanical

actions.
_____2. It is a process which toxic passes through gastro intestinal organ.
_____3. This will prevent you from falling in high places
_____4. A signal word used to indicate an imminently hazardous situation.
_____5. It allows the welder to see legibly while welding
_____6. It is a biological hazard that thrives in moist, warm areas, such
as locker rooms.
_____7. What type of health problem that can create difficulties with social
interaction and at work?
_____8. It is the study of designing equipment and devices that fit the
workers.
_____9. An injury that is associated with all electrical equipment.
_____10. This equipment protects your feet from spatters.
_____11.This equipment must be worn when doing grinding and cutting
operations.
_____12. A signal word that indicates property damage only.
_____13. It protects you from dust and chemical fumes.
_____14. It is a process when toxics pass through skin into the bloodstream.
_____15. What sign provides warnings or alerts about a possible hazard?

18
Additional Activities

Directions: Read and understand the specific instructions. Match the pictures
in Column A with the correct description in Column B. You write
the letter of your answers in your SMAW activity notebook.

Column A Column B

a. Improper lifting of heavy objects.

1
b. Health problem caused by
Ergonomic hazard.
c. Skin problem caused by fungi.

2 d. It is a result by chemical
absorption.
e. A skin problem caused by
bacteria.
3
f. It is caused by ingestion of
toxics.

Congratulations! You did a great job! Rest and

relax a while then move on to the next lesson.
Good luck!!!!!!!!

19
Answer Key

20
Answer Key

21
References

Books:
1. TESDA (2016) K-12 Basic Education Curriculum TLE Learning Module
in Shielded Metal Arc Work (SMAW) Grade 7 and 8

Internet Sources:
1. Wikepedia
The Free Encyclopedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_safety_and_health
2. Unsplash
Photos for everyone
https://unsplash.com/s/photos/welding
3. Canadian Centre for Occupational Health & Safety, 1997-2020
https://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/chemicals/how_chem.html
4. AMPCO Safety Tools
https://www.safetytools.com/
5. Alibaba.com
https://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/High-quality-auto-lock-tape-
measure
6. Freedigitalphotos.net
http://www.freedigitalphotos.net/images/search.php?search=hand+injur
ies

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Department of Education – Region 10

Office Address: Zone 1, DepEd Building, Masterson Avenue, Upper Balulang,
Cagayan de Oro City
Contact Number: (088) 880 7072
E-mail Address: [email protected]