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Traverse Computations

The document outlines the steps for traverse computation in engineering surveying, including establishing coordinates, performing datum checks, and calculating angular misclosure. It details the process of computing forward bearings, misclosure, and relative accuracy, as well as corrections using the Bowditch method. The final coordinates of each traverse point are determined by applying changes in Eastings and Northings with corrections.

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Lawrence John
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24 views

Traverse Computations

The document outlines the steps for traverse computation in engineering surveying, including establishing coordinates, performing datum checks, and calculating angular misclosure. It details the process of computing forward bearings, misclosure, and relative accuracy, as well as corrections using the Bowditch method. The final coordinates of each traverse point are determined by applying changes in Eastings and Northings with corrections.

Uploaded by

Lawrence John
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Traverse Computations

TR111: ENGINEERING SURVEYING I


UDSM-2024
Main applications of traversing
• Establishing coordinates for new points ( i.e., control point
densification) to the area of interest, e.g., Construction site
STEPS FOR TRAVERSE
COMPUTATION
• 1: Perform a Datum Check for the opening and Closing points of your
Traverse route. The points should be in situ.
• 2 Calculate starting and closing bearings for your traverse's opening
and Closing points. Note: The starting and Closing Bearings are
computed from coordinates of the known points by considering the
direction of your traverse route.
EXAMPLE OF A CLOSED TRAVERSE

(E,N)F6 known

(E,N)CP1
known

TP1 TP2 new


new

(,d)
(E, N) SWP 1
(E,N)UT8
known
known
STEPS FOR TRAVERSE
COMPUTATION cont..
• 3 Calculate the angular misclosure by comparing the sum of the
observed bearings with the closing bearings.
• A1 +(angles) – A2 = (n – 1) 180
• where A1 is the initial or starting bearing, A2 is the closing or final
bearing, and n is the number of angles measured.
• Note: If the result is outside the range 0◦−360◦, subtract 360◦ as
appropriate.
• 4.1 Once the angular Misclosure is allowable, you can distribute it to
the measured/observed angles.
STEPS FOR TRAVERSE
COMPUTATION cont..
• 4.2 A typical computation for the magnitude of the allowable misclosure  to be accepted is
given by
 = 15”n
where n is the number of angles measured(instrument stations), and 15” is a constant based
on the order/class of the traverse.
For example, for a traverse with 4 measured angles, the allowable angular misclosure is 30”.
• 5 Calculate the forward bearing for each instrument station / observed angle
where: Forward Bearing(FB)=Back Bearing (BB) 180
Forward Bearing(FB) = Back Bearing (BB)+Angle (ϴ)
STEPS FOR TRAVERSE
COMPUTATION cont…
• 6.1 Calculate the (∆E, ∆N) for each traverse leg:-
where: ∆N=[Dist. * cos(FB)]
∆E =[Dist. * sin(FB)].
• 6.2 Compute Sum No and Sum Eo
where: ∆No =
∆Eo =
STEPS FOR TRAVERSE
COMPUTATION cont…
• 7 Compute the (∆Ec & ∆Nc), which is determined as a difference
between closing and opening station coordinates.
where: ∆Ec =
∆Nc =

• 8 Compute the Misclosure in εN and εE as follows;


where: εE = ∆Eo
εN =∆Nc∆No
STEPS FOR TRAVERSE
COMPUTATION cont…
• 9.1 Compute the Linear Misclosure εL for the Traverse as follows:
εL=
• 9.2 Compute the Total Distance(L)of the Traverse Legs as follows;
where:
• 10 Compute the Relative Accuracy (R.A) as:
where:
Note: The R.A should be expressed in ratio
STEPS FOR TRAVERSE
COMPUTATION cont…
• If the traverse’s relative accuracy (R.A) meets the accuracy specified
according to the traverse class and Order, then the traverse is
acceptable.
• The linear misclosure is then corrected/adjusted to every leg
proportionally by the Bowditch method, which is commonly used.
STEPS FOR TRAVERSE
COMPUTATION cont…
• 11 Corrections determined by Bowditch method;
For

where: L = Sum of the lengths of the traverse legs (constant)


, = Misclosures in Easting and Northings (constant)
= Horizontal length of the ith traverse leg.
STEPS FOR TRAVERSE
COMPUTATION cont…
• 12 Hence, the final coordinates of each traverse point are computed
using the changes(ΔN and ΔE) with their corrections as follows:

where; are the initial Eastings and Northings of the


previous stations.
END
“Practice Makes Perfect”

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