THE UNIVERSITY OF DAR ES SALAAM

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

(CoET)
DEPARTIMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AND GEOTECHNICAL
ENGINEERING
COURSE CODE: TR 111 COURSE TITLE:Engineering Surveying I GROUP TITLE:
GROUP 11 PRACTICAL TITLE: LINE LEVELING
S/N NAME GENDER REG. NO
01 Nyakunga, Ashery Mathias M 2020-04-09935
02 Luvanda, Daniel Linus M 2020-04-04942
03 Mapunda, Joseph Francis M 2020-04-05743
04 Margwe, Stephano P M 2020-04-05799
05 Materu, Nicholaus Peter M 2020-04-06150
06 Mdachi, BarikiMsifuni M 2020-04-06630
07 Mdogwa, Rajabu M M 2020-04-06659
08 Meela, Maureen James F 2020-04-06671
09 Meshuko, KiserianMelubo M 2020-04-06718
10 Mjema, Jacob Z M 2020-04-07131
11 Mponela, Sekioni K M 2020-04-07825
12 Mwansisya, Iman Paul M 2020-04-08944
13 Kamala Elson Filbert M 2020-04-03306

1.3 Date of field practical

Date: Monday 29.11.2012 at 03:00pm – 06:00pm

1.4 Introduction

Line leveling is the practical used to determine the elevation of given points with respect to a
given or assumed datum. This is important in finding the level line which is defined as the
curved surface which at each point is perpendicular to the direction of gravity at the point.

1.5 Objective

The objective of this practical is to enable each student to understand the principles of
line/series survey.

1.6 Task

To establish temporary benchmarks (TBM’s) using existing benchmarks within University

Main Campus.

1.7 Equipment

➢ Automatic leveling machine

➢ Tripod Stand
➢ Leveling Staff
➢ Footplate
➢ Field book frame
➢ Tape measure

1.8 Method Used

The practical done basing on the following procedures: -

❖ Field area was recommenced and the benchmarks (BM’s) for opening and closing the
leveling was inspected ware marked as BM CP2 () and unknown benchmark SP W4
❖ The short distances not more than 5m were established roughly along the leveling
route from BM CP2 to unknown benchmark SW
❖ Starting with the staff at the known benchmark BM CP2 all points were observed as
follows
a. The staff was vertically held on the BM CP2
b. The telescope of leveling level pointed to the staff at the BM CP2
c. The middle hair staff reading was read and recorded as back sight reading BS
d. The staff moved forward and held vertically on a footplate placed at the
suitable point approximately equal to the back site distance
e. The telescope of the level was then pointed to the staff held and the middle
hair staff reading was read and recorded as foresight reading FS
f. Leveling instrument moved forward and beyond the staff point then the
instrument was set at a suitable distance from staff position. The telescope was
then pointed to staff and middle hair staff was read and recorded as back sight
BS.
g. The staff was then moved forward and held vertically on footplate and the FS
was taken from the staff
h. The procedure f to g was repeated until we reach the unknown benchmark BM
SW4 and then the other route was established and the BS and FS were
recorded as from the first route.

1.9 Results and analysis

STN BS FS RISE FALL Reduced Level CORR CORRECTED REMARKS
(RL) RL
BM CP2 1.252 62.269 0 62.269
A 0.295 1.663 0.411 61.858 0.00012 61.85812 5/5
B 1.294 1.717 1.422 60.436 0.00024 60.43624 5/5
C 1.339 1.468 0.193 60.243 0.00036 60.24336 5/5
D 1.248 1.424 0.085 60.158 0.00048 60.15848 5/5
E 1.26 1.481 0.233 59.925 0.0006 59.9256 5/5

F 1.143 1.175 0.085 60.01 0.00072 60.01072 4/4

G 1.368 1.508 0.365 59.645 0.00084 59.64584 5/5

H 1.486 1.299 0.087 59.732 0.00096 59.73296 5/5

I 1.411 1.568 0.082 59.65 0.00108 59.65108 5/5

J 1.313 1.707 0.294 59.356 0.0012 59.3572 5/5
K 0.954 1.759 0.446 58.91 0.00132 58.91132 5/5
L 1.231 1.646 0.692 58.218 0.00144 58.21944 5/5
M 1.412 1.595 0.364 57.854 0.00156 57.85556 5/5
N 1.587 1.449 0.037 57.817 0.00168 57.81868 5/5

O 1.535 1.502 0.084 57.901 0.0018 57.9028 5/5

P 1.498 1.459 0.076 57.977 0.00192 57.97892 5/5

BM SPW4 1.66 1.843 0.345 57.632 0.00204 57.63404 4.5/4.5

A 1.368 1.369 0.291 57.923 0.00216 57.92516 5/5

B 1.525 1.338 0.03 57.953 0.00228 57.95528 5/5
C 1.423 1.203 0.322 58.275 0.0024 58.2774 5/5
D 1.808 0.972 0.451 58.726 0.00252 58.72852 5/5
E 1.692 1.344 0.464 59.19 0.00264 59.19264 5/5
F 1.224 1.238 0.454 59.644 0.00276 59.64676 5/5
G 1.577 1.103 0.121 59.765 0.00288 59.76788 5/5
H 1.382 1.288 0.289 60.054 0.003 60.057 5/5
I 1.403 1.296 0.086 60.14 0.00312 60.14312 5/5

J 1.469 1.422 0.019 60.121 0.00324 60.12424 5/5

K 1.419 1.47 0.001 60.12 0.00336 60.12336 5/5

L 1.479 1.312 0.107 60.227 0.00336 60.23036 5/5

M 1.681 1.378 0.101 60.328 0.00342 60.33142 5/5
N 1.666 1.392 0.289 60.617 0.00352 60.62052 5/5
O 1.611 1.27 0.396 61.013 0.00364 61.01664 5/5

P 2.409 1.626 0.015 60.998 0.00376 61.00176 5/5

Q 1.523 1.359 1.05 62.048 0.00388 62.05188 4/4

BM CP2 1.306 0.217 62.265 0.004 62.269 3.5/3.5

ARITHMETIC CHECK
∑BS – ∑FS = ∑RISE – ∑FALL = LAST RL – FIRST RL

49.945 – 49.949 = 5.000 – 5.004 = 62.265 – 62.269 Actual misclosure =±12⎷ 0.342 = 7.02mm
Misclosure error = given RL – Computed RL
= 62.269 – 62.265
= 0.004m
Correction = 0.00012m

ERRORS
1. Collimation error due to the line of sight of a survey instrument not coinciding
with traversing scale or leveling device.
2. Parallax error caused by misreading of the measurement of the leveling staff.
3. Incorrect placement of the leveling staff, leveling staff should be placed
perpendicular to the line A B.
4. Incorrect set up of the bubble (incorrect centering of the bubble) 5. Error due
to taking reading at very long distance
6. Error due to taking reading in such a way that BS distance is not approximately
equal to FS
` PRECAUTIONS

1. Correct calibration of the instrument.

2. Correct reading of the measurement on leveling staff.
3. Correct placement of the leveling staff. The leveling staff should be
perpendicular to the horizontal line AB.
4. Exactly set up of the bubble. The bubble should be at the center.
5. taking reading at very long distance
6. taking reading in such a way that BS distance is not approximately equal to FS

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

In conclusion, the practical is done effectively and the aim of the practical is obtained as we
were able to determine the elevation from BM CP2 to the unknown benchmark BM SW4 for
this case we recommend the other researchers to make sure they use the small distance as
possible so as to increase the exactness of the data. Also, for the whole practical the observer
is advised to be one so as to reduce errors due to parallax.
1.10 Plans
Each member of the group should understand how to conduct line levelling as each
member must be able to know how to read and record the data as well as computation of the
data obtained so as to get the difference in height between the benchmarks.