MOTION

Quarter 3 Week 1-2

Objectives:
1. Describe the motion of an object in terms
of distance or displacement,
speed or velocity, and acceleration (S7FE-IIIa-
1);
2. Explain the object’s motion using
illustrations; and
3. Solve problems involving distance and
displacement, speed and velocity, and
acceleration.
Directions: Complete the paragraph by filling in
the blanks using the correct word/s from the box.
Write your answers in your Science activity
notebook.

Motion is a change in (1.) __________ with respect to a reference point. Distance and displacement,
speed and velocity, and acceleration are ways to describe motion. Distance is a (2.) ________ quantity
having magnitude but no direction while (3.) __________ is a vector quantity having both magnitude and
direction. (4.) __________ speed refers to the total distance travelled divided by the total time and (5.)
__________ is displacement divided by total time of travel. A (6.)__________ measures instantaneous
speed/velocity. (7.)________ motion refers to an object moving with constant speed or constant velocity.
(8.) __________ is defined as the change in velocity in a time interval. Acceleration may change in any of
the following conditions: when the velocity changes, when the (9.)__________ of motion changes, or
when both velocity and direction of motion changes. (10.) __________ is the opposite of acceleration
where the velocity of an object decreases.
Movement is the act or instance of moving, or a change in place or position.
Motion is the action or process of moving or being moved.
Motion is the change in position with respect to the reference point. An object is said
to be moving when it has traveled a certain distance or displaced from a point of
reference.
A reference point, also called frame of reference, is the starting point you choose to
describe where the object is.
Types of Motion:

1. Rectilinear Motion – the movement of an object along

a straight line
2. Circular Motion – the movement of an object around a
fixed point such that its distance from the center remains
the same
3. Periodic Motion – the motion that repeats itself after
definite time intervals
4. Rolling Motion – the motion which is a combination of
rectilinear motion and circular motion
Motion can be described by measuring the total length of the path travelled by the object, and by
measuring the distance between the initial position and final position of the object.

Example: A car ran 100 meters from point A to point

B, then 50 meters from point B to point C, and
another 100 meters from point C to point D. See
Figure 3 and 4. To solve the total length of path
travelled you can simply add the length of path from
point A to B, B to C and C to D.
Total length of path = length A to B + length B to C +
length C to D. = 100 meters + 50 meters + 100 meters
Total length of path = 250 meters
The length of the entire path that the object travelled
is referred to as distance. Based on the example
above, the total length of path is equal to 250 meters.
This means that the distance travelled by the car is
equal to 250 meters
Displacement is the shortest distance
between the object’s initial and final
positions as shown in Figure 4.
To solve the displacement of the car,
simply subtract the final position by
the initial position. Displacement =
Final position – Initial position = 50
meters – 0 Displacement = 50 meters
Distance is a scalar quantity, it has
magnitude but no direction while
displacement is a vector quantity that
has both magnitude and direction.
1. What is your total distance travelled?
2. Do you have a displacement?
3. What is your displacement?
4. How did you determine the distance and
displacement?
Distance and Displacement:
Activity 1. True or False
Directions: In your Science activity notebook, write T if the statement is TRUE and F if the statement is FALSE.
1. Kilogram is a unit for distance.
2. The quantity 2 meters is a distance.
3. The quantity 2 kilometers is a displacement.
4. The quantity 2 meters to the left is a distance.
5. The quantity 2 meters to the left is a displacement.
6. Distance is the length of the entire path travelled by an object.
7. Displacement includes both distance and direction of the object’s position.
8. The displacement is equal to zero when an object’s initial and final position is the same.
9. The shortest distance between the initial and final position of the object is called displacement.
10. The total distance travelled of an object from its initial position to a certain position and back to its
initial position is zero.
Distance or Displacement?
1. 5 km. eastward
2. 2 meters, south
3. 6 meters
4. Airplane flies at an altitude of 20,000 feet.
5. A boy walk 400 m/s north.
Find the Distance and Displacement:
1. From negative 4, a person walks to positive 5 and go back to
negative(– 2). Make an illustration and find the distance and
displacement.
2. 10 miles to the right and go back at 6 miles to the left.
3. 3miles to the East and 4 miles to North.
4. Sally travels 50m West and 120m South.
5. Megan walks 100m East and then travels 70m North followed by
140m East.
Activity 1: Who Walks Faster?
Directions: Read the text inside the box then answer the questions below to
help John and Mary determine who walks faster. Write your
answers in your Science activity notebook.

ANSWER THE FOLLOWING:

1. Compare how fast John walked than Mary.
2. What is the basis of your answer in number 1?
Speed and Velocity :

𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 = 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒/𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 ;
Speed is the rate of distance covered at a given time.

in symbols, 𝑣 = 𝑑 𝑡
We can express speed in terms of miles per hour (mi/h), kilometers per
hour (km/h), or meters per second (m/s).
Therefore, John is as fast as Mary. Both have the
same speed of
1 meter per second (1 m/s).
When a direction is associated with speed, it
refers to the quantity known
as velocity. Thus, velocity is a speed in a given
direction.
Since velocity has direction it uses displacement
instead of distance.
Take Note:
Average and Instantaneous Speed
Average speed is the total distance travelled divided by the total time of travel.
Instantaneous speed is the speed at an instant in time.
A vehicle has a speedometer that tells you the speed at that instant or at that
moment in time. As the vehicle travels along a busy street, you will notice that the
speedometer may read 30 km/h.
It may change speed to 65 km/h as it passes an open free highway and zero
when it stops. During the entire trip, the vehicle travels at different speed.
Average and Instantaneous Velocity
When you ride a vehicle it is not only the speed that changes but also its direction.
A vehicle may travel North, West, East or South.
Average velocity is the total displacement (final position - initial position) travelled
divided by the total time of travel. Instantaneous velocity is the velocity of an object
at an instant time.
Constant Motion
Constant motion refers to an object moving with constant speed or constant
velocity. To have a constant velocity, both speed and direction must be the same.
Example: A car running at a speed of 50 km/h all throughout its travel in a straight
line.
Activity 2: TRY THIS - Wordy Problem

• Directions: Analyze and solve the problem below to develop your skills in problem-solving. Write
your solutions in your Science activity notebook.

You decided to have a morning jog to keep your body fit. You jog 100 m East in 150 s, made a left
turn and jog 150 m in 180 s, and finally made another left turn for 100 m in 90 s.

• ANSWER THE FOLLOWING:

1. Make an illustration to represent the problem.

2. What is your average speed for the entire jog?

3. What is your average velocity for the entire jog?

4. How do you compare the magnitude of the average speed and velocity?
Try This!
• A car travels a distance of 300m in 6 hrs. What is the average speed
of a car?

• A car travels at an ave. speed of 40 ft/s. How many miles will it travels
in 5 hrs?

• A train is moving at 45km/hr, how long will it take for the train to
travel a distance of 20 miles?
Acceleration:
Activity 1: Speed or Velocity Directions: Determine the following
quantities whether it is speed or velocity. Write your answers in your
Science activity notebook.
The
changing
motion of an
object is
called
acceleration.
Acceleratio •Change in velocity is the difference between the final
velocity (vf) and the initial velocity (vi). Change in time is
n is defined the difference between the final time (tf) and the initial
time (ti).
as the rate •Average acceleration refers to the total change in
of change in velocity divided by the total time taken for the change.
Since the unit of velocity is meter per second (m/s),
velocity. The acceleration is expressed in meter per second per
formula is, second (m/s/s). Oftentimes, the unit of acceleration is
written as m/s2 .
Motion with constant acceleration is not common in everyday life, like
a passenger vehicle that moves along a highway. It can move at a
constant velocity, changing velocity, or stop as it loads and unloads
passengers. When a moving body decreases its velocity, it is said to
decelerate. This negative acceleration is called deceleration.
Deceleration is the opposite of acceleration where the velocity of an
object decreases.
Activity 1: Solve Me!

• Directions: Analyze and solve the problem below. Show your solution in your Science activity
notebook.

• Problem:

A racehorse coming out from the gate accelerates from rest to a velocity of 15 m/s West in 3
seconds. What is its acceleration?
Try This!
• A car starts from rest and attains a speed of 50 m/s in 15 seconds.
How far has the car travelled in 15 s?

• A train accelerates from 30km/h to 45km/h in 15.0 seconds. Find its

acceleration during this time.

•
Treasure It:
• Speed answers the question, “ How fast
an does an object move?” Or “How slow
does an object move?
• Speed with direction is called velocity.
• Acceleration describes how fast a
velocity increases(accelerates) or how
fast a velocity decreases(decelerates).
• On an average a human being can walk 1
1/9 m/s. At more than 2 23/36 m/s, you
would be jogging. More speed than that,
you would be sprinting or running.