 In its broadest sense, it covers practically

everything that men do for the good of the

society.

 Organized concern of all people for all people

(Gertrude Wilson)

 The organized system of social services and

institutions, designed to aid individuals and
groups to attain satisfying standards of life and
health. (Walter Friedlander)
 Includes those laws, programs, benefits
and services which assure or strengthen
provisions for meeting social needs
recognized as basic to the well-being of
the population and the better functioning
of the social order. (Elizabeth Wickenden)

 The common denominator in the various

definitions is what society has done and
continue to do in order to respond to the
well-being of all the members of the
human society – includes the physical,
mental, emotional, social, economic and
spiritual well-being
 Communities were independent social units called “barangays”, which
was often ruled by a headman, who was usually the oldest member of the
community, and known as “datu”, whose function was to oversee the
welfare of the members, and also serves as the arbiter of conflict and
leader in times of anger.

 Welfare concentration: Mutual protection for economic survival

 Basic Concepts: Bayanihan and Damayan
 Source of Policies: Maragtas Code and Kalantiaw Code
SPANISH TIMES (1521-1898)
 BasicPhilosophy: Religion was the motivating
force for the charity

 Forms of Charity: almsgiving, charitable

institutions, and hospitals for the poor

 Source of Funding: Religious orders,

contributions and donations of rich
individuals, subsidy from the spanish
government( in the Philippines and in Spain)
1. San Lazaro Hospital (1578) – took care of indigent beggars and sick
“natives”
2. San Juan de Dios Hospital(1596) – took care of indigent and sick
spaniards
3. Hospicio de San Jose(1810) FOR THE CARE OF ORPHANS AND THE AGED
4. Asilo de san Vicente de Paul(1885) – for the care and protection of
indigent and orphaned girls
5. Santa Isabel – school for the indigent girls
6. San Juan de Letran- school for the indigent boys
For the indigents outside of the institutions, almsgiving was regularly
practiced by the churches and convents and the affluent individuals and
families.
First
 Philippine
Tandang Republic
Sora (Melchora (1896-
Aquino) took care of
the sick and wounded soldiers
1902)
 Hilaria Aguinaldo, wife of the President of the
first Republic introduced the concept of the red
Cross.
 American Colonial Period (1899-1946)
 Birth of voluntary organizations for social
welfare i.e. Associated Charities of
Manila(1917)
 Public Welfare- beginning assumption by the
government of its responsibility for social
 Parents Patriae – child welfare concept that it is the duty of the
government to place children in better circumstances, whenever the
parents could not provide adequate care themselves.
 The administration of social welfare in the Philippines was marked by
significant developments when Frank Murphy became governor general in
1933. Scholarship grants for professional training in social work in the
United States were made available.
 The Murphy administration‟s social welfare programs marked the first time
the government assumed full responsibility for the relief of the distressed
due to any cause.
THE COMMONEALTH PERIOD
 President Manuel L. Quezon, passed the anti-
usury laws, the eight-hour labor law fixing
minimum wages, laws related to insurance,
pensions, women and child labor.
 Initiated housing projects making it possible for
tenants to buy these houses on easy installment
plans.
 He created relief boards and other bodies to
undertake relief activities during periods of
natural calamities, economic crisis and
unemployment.
THE JAPANESE OCCUPATION
 The second world war brought death and immeasurable suffering to the
country‟s population for three years 1942-1944.
 Social welfare activities during this period consisted mainly of giving
medical care and treatment, as well as food and clothing, to the wounded
soldiers, prisoners and civilians.
 The Bureau of Public Welfare was closed when the war broke out and was
reorganized by the Executive Commission and instructed to attend the
general welfare of the residents, and to give food and comfort to the
released prisoners from concentration camps.
 Relief work operations was undertaken
primarily by volunteer organizations. Ex.
Philippine Red cross, YWCA, and the National
Federation of Women‟s Leagues. Hospitals also
were there to provide medical treatment i.e.
Phil. Gen. Hospital, St. Luke‟s, Mary Johnston
and the North Gen. Hospital.
 Churches and convents were used as centers of
operations with members of religious
organizations doing their share of volunteer
work.
THE POST-WAR YEARS
 The Bureau of Public Welfare re-opened in 1946, but lack o funds greatly
limited its operation.
 On October 4, 1947, recognizing the need for a more centralized and
better integrated social welfare program, the bureau became the Social
Welfare commission, and was placed under the Office of the president.
This signified the formal recognition of social welfare as responsibility of
the state.
 The late forties saw the upsurge of new socio-economic and political
problems. The feudalistic tenancy system created a dissident movement
which threatened the stability of the government under President Elpidio
Quirino.
 In August 1948, Pres. Quirino created the President‟s Action committee on
Social Amelioration (PACSA) which was charged with the “duty of giving
relief assistance to the hungry, the homeless and the sick. . . to victims of
dissident depredation and violence.” It included a comprehensive program
of health, education, welfare, agriculture, public works and financing.
 An international agency also made its mark in the social welfare scene:
The United Nations International Children‟s Emergency fund (UNICEF)
created by the United Nations General Assembly in 1946 to further
maternal and child health in economically underdeveloped countries, and
became active in the Philippines after 1948 to date.
THE SOCIAL WELFARE
ADMINISTRATION
 On January 3, 1951, the Social Welfare Commission and the President‟s
Action Committee on Social Amelioration were fused into one agency
called the Social Welfare Administration. Shortly after this, the new
agency established a staff development service, began accepting social
work field practice students from the newly-opened social work schools in
the metropolitan Manila Area, and started to conduct more surveys and
field studies on income, housing needs, and the needs of social groups
such as the handicapped.
 With the establishment of Social Welfare Administration, the responsibility
for relief was placed under the new agency‟s Division of Public Assistance,
which became concerned with the need for a kore professional
administration of public tax-supported welfare programs and services to
needy and disadvantaged members of the community. This office has two
programs:
1. Assistance and
2. Service
 Another important Arm of the Social
Welfare Administration was its Child
welfare division.
 Another division was created by
Administrative order No. 7 on September
5, 1951, the Division of Rural Welfare, to
deal with the mounting social problems in
the rural areas. i.e. land settlements for
victims of dissidence and disasters, and
the establishment and maintenance of
welfare services for non-christian tribal
groups.
 In 1954, the SWA was reorganized, and this division developed new
community programs such as self-help centers, community kitchens and
cottage industries. “Self-help” became the underlying philosophy for the
rural community development projects facilitated or stimulated by the
SWA‟s Rural Welfare Division.
 An important development in the mid-sixties was the passage in 1965 of
R. A. 4373, “An act to Regulate the Practice of Social Work and the
operation of Social Work Agencies in the Philippines.” Generally it is
considered the formal recognition of social work as a profession in the
Philippines.
 In 1968, Pres. Ferdinand E. Marcos signed R.A. 5416, known as the social
welfare act of the Philippines, elevating SWA into a department. The
Government declared social welfare a matter of policy when the law
stated that “it is the responsibility of the Government to promote a
comprehensive program of social welfare services designed to ameliorate
the living conditions of distressed Filipinos particularly those that are
handicapped by reasons of poverty, youth, physical and mental disability,
illness and old age, or those who are victims of natural calamities,
including giving assistance to members of cultural minorities to facilitate
their integration into the body politic.”
 The Department drew up a comprehensive
social welfare program along the following
concerns:
 A. preventive and remedial programs and
services for individuals, families and
communities
 B. Protective remedial and developmental
welfare services for children
 C. Vocational rehabilitation and related
services for the physically handicapped, ex-
convicts and individuals with special needs
 D. training, research and special projects
THE SEVENTIES
 Martial Law was declared and it set up a crisis government on September
21, 1972. this was the period of the first (1970s) United Nations-declared
“Development Decades.”

 On September 8, 1976, the Department of Social Welfare became the

Department of Social Services and Development shifting emphasis from
the traditional, often institution-based social welfare to community-
oriented programs and services which underscored people‟s own
capacities for problem solving. The department accepted the
development thrust in social welfare.
 On June 2, 1978, Pres. Marcos issued P.D. 1397,
providing for the conversion of departments
into ministries, to adapt to the requirements of
the change from a presidential to a
parliamentary form of government. The
department was renamed into the ministry of
Social Services and Development. The
organizational structure, functions and
programs remained the same.
a. study and define social welfare problems and
human needs
b. develop a coordinated plan of action to meet
these needs
c. help improve the standards of social services
d. serve as the national Committee for the
international conference on social welfare
THE EIGHTIES
The self-Employment Assistance (SEA) the
Ministry‟s banner program was upgraded to make
it more responsive to its clients‟ needs. The
“total family approach” that guided the program
put emphasis on food production and nutrition,
and provided training in business management
skills.
a. Launching of case management system employing TFA with a set of SWI
b. primary health care related activities integrated into the MSSD‟s services
on the barangay level
c. greater cooperation and coordination and coordination among NGOs in
response to MSSD‟s technical assistance, consultation, planning and
monitoring workshops
d. increased participation of local governments in social welfare activities
. . . And more
 On January 30, 1987, Pres. Corazon C. Aquino signed E.O. 123,
reorganizing the MSSD and renamed it Department of Social Welfare and
Development. The department was “evolving from mere welfare or relief
agency to the greater task of development.” E.O. 123 provided for the
creation of the Bureau of Women‟s Welfare “with specific attention to the
prevention or eradication of exploitation of women in any form . . . As
well as the promotion of skills for employment and self-actualization.”
 The approach taken by the agency this time is described as “preventive
and developmental, participative and client-managed.”
THE NINETIES
 The DSWD still continued its areas of concerns, but gave priority attention
to Low Income Municipalities (LIM) and other socially-depressed
barangays. It was also greatly involved in disaster management in many
parts of the country that experienced calamities and other hazardous
incidents.
 On October 10, 1991, R.A. 7160 otherwise known as the local Government
Code of 1991 was passed. The DSWD shifted gear. i.e it had to devolve its
implementing functions together with its programs and services , direct
service workers, budget corresponding to the salary and funds of the staff
and programs, and assets and liabilities to the local government units
starting 1992. the devolution meant a realignment of the DSWD‟s
structure.
 The decade of the nineties saw the DSWD move from its
traditional image of service provider to one that leads
in social welfare policy formulation and program
development, standard-setting and regulation
enforcement, provision of technical assistance,
capability-building and augmentation support to LGUs,
NGOs and POs.
Social welfare defined

In its broadest sense, it covers practically everything that

men do for the good of the society.

Organized concern of all people for all people (Gertrude

Wilson)

The organized system of social services and institutions,

designed to aid individuals and groups to attain satisfying
standards of life and health. (Walter Friedlander)
Includes those laws, programs, benefits and services which assure or
strengthen provisions for meeting social needs recognized as basic to the
well-being of the population and the better functioning of the social order.
(Elizabeth Wickenden)

The common denominator in the various definitions is what society has done
and continue to do in order to respond to the well-being of all the members
of the human society – includes the physical, mental, emotional, social,
economic and spiritual well-being
Social Welfare Programs of the Philippine
Government in the 20s
1. Reduction of poverty and reduction of vulnerabilities
2. Protecting the poor and vulnerable from risks
3. Mitigating pressures on households

Strategies:
1. Social Insurance – programs that seek to mitigate income risks by pooling
of resources and spreading risks across time and workers.
2. Social welfare – preventive and developmental interventions that seek to
support the minimum basic requirements of the poor particularly the poorest
of the poor, and reduce risks associated with unemployment, resettlement,
marginalization, illness, disability, old age and loss of family care.
3. Labor market – measures aimed at enhancing employment opportunities
and protection of the rights and welfare of workers.

4. Social safety nets – stop-gap measures or urgent responses that address

effects of economic shocks, disaster and calamities on specific vulnerable
groups.
RISKS:
1. Loss of income
2. Sickness, Old age, disability,
etc.
3. Disaster
Type of Risks

1. LIFE CYCLE
 Illness, accidents and injury, disability, old age, death, hunger and
malnutrition
2. ECONOMIC
 Economic crises and transition, loss of livelihood, unemployment
and underemployment, high prices of basic goods
3. SOCIAL
 Exclusion and marginalization, school drop-out, lack of social
investments, large family size, lack of family care, land tenure and
housing insecurity, homelessness, man-made disasters, armed
conflict, political instability, lack of participation in decision-
making
4. ENVIRONMENT
 Natural disaster
What is Social Policy?
 Refers to the social decision-making process by which a course of action
is selected, defined and promoted (policy-making)

 and to the product or outcome of that process (resulting policy or

outcome) –Dolgoff and Feldstein (2003)

 Is the translation of government‟s political priorities and principles into

programmes and courses of action to deliver desired changes.
 The state intervention that directly affects social welfare, social
institutions and social relations.
 It involves overarching concerns with redistribution (equity), production
(growth), reproduction (gender equality) and protection (anti-
vulnerability), and works in tandem with economic policy in pursuit of
national social and economic goals.
 Social policy does not merely deal with the “casualties” of social changes
and processes; it is also a contribution to the welfare of society as a
whole.
Types of policy choices

1. Residual – selective policies that addresses

short/medium term or emergency social problems of
special groups such as the poor, disabled, sick, aged,
children, etc.

2. Transformative – can also be used to transform gender,

racial, and other iniquitous social relations.
3. Institutional – these policies assume that solutions to problems have to be
applied universally and are usually delivered through existing institutions;
– it is a legitimate function of the society to respond to the needs through
helping agencies which are accepted as regular social institutions. The
Philippine constitution so provides:
“The State shall promote a just and dynamic social order that will ensure
the prosperity and independence of the nation and free the people from
poverty through policies that provide adequate social services, promote full
employment, a rising standard of living, and an improved quality of life for
all.”
Locating Public Interest

 Public interest is extremely important concept in policy

development
 Whole purpose of democratic government is service to
the public
 Acts of government are presumed to reflect preferences
of the governed
 When they do not, the governed attempt to bring he
government into line with public preferences through
various means; parliamentary, legal, and sometimes
through civil unrest, rebellion and revolution.
Types and Routes of Social
Policy
 Administrative
 Legislative
 Executive
 Judicial
 Enhancement of quality of life of all
especially the poor, marginalized
and vulnerable
 Economic growth
1. Reduce poverty
2. Maximize welfare
3. Pursue equality/eliminate
discrimination
4. Higher productivity
Scope of Social Policy
 Social security
 Health care
 Social care
 Housing
 Education
 Taxation
 Public expenditure
 Employment
 Asset reform (land, water, etc.)
 Population
 Monetary and fiscal policies
 International trade
 Transport
 Infrastructure, etc.
1. Accurate data and documentation

2. Massive problems and limited resources require the setting of priorities

and the determination of short term and long term goals

3. Institutions and power groups must be restructured for better

participation

4. Periodic evaluation of programs and services is necessary to make them

responsive to peoples‟ needs
1. Welfare is a human right

2. Government has the major responsibility for social welfare- seeing to it

that the citizens are protected against the hazards such as illness, accident,
death, loss of income, disasters and etc.

3. Social justice at the very minimum is the equitable distribution of benefits

and obligations in society

4. Social welfare requires provisions for social defense and control

5. Social policies, programs and services must be geared to national
development goals

6. The goal of social and economic development is human development

7. The goal of social welfare should be broadened from the well-being of the
individual to the general welfare of the community

8. There should be balanced urban and rural development

9. Coordination between and among government agencies, as well as private

agencies should be horizontal and vertical (wherever appropriate)
10. Social policy, programs and services must be adapted to local conditions
and take into consideration the culture of the people and differences in
social and economic sub-culture groups

11. Social welfare strategies should move from the remedial, restorative and
rehabilitative functions for individuals, to preventive and developmental
functions for the large segments of population.

12. Social policies and goals should have as their bases of the social
philosophy and values of the given society
The Clienteles that we Serve and
its Various Programs and Services
1. Public Assistance – is the financial/material aid extended by the
government to individuals, families who do not have sufficient resources to
maintain themselves. It may consist of:
a. Aid to individual in Crisis Situation (AICS)
 Food assistance – an extension of immediate food items (one shot assistance) to
indigent families who are in stressful situation like sickness or death of a family
member, disaster,/calamity victims and families/communities doing food for
work projects.

 Medical assistance – a service extended to indigent client who needs emergency

medicine to save his/her life or needs emergency laboratory test and/or
advance examination procedures to confirm diagnosis and payment of hospital
bills.

 Assistance for blood requisition

 Transportation assistance – a service extended to families or individuals who are

victims of trafficking, pick pocketing, illegal recruitment, demolitions and
clients who wanted to go back to their respective hometown to start a new life.
Family Welfare Program
2. Family welfare – are programs and services designed to develop, improve the
problem solving and coping capacities of families and individual members so as
to improve and strengthen the quality of family life.
a. family life education and counseling - help families and individuals deal
with problems of relationships in order to strengthen and or improve the quality
of family life. Ex. Pre-marital counseling, marriage counseling
b. Family assistance and counseling
c. family planning information and counseling services
d. workshop for income maintenance
e. self-employment assistance program
f. community organization and resource development
g. volunteer resource development
h. 4Ps
i. SLP
Children have rights to…
3. Child Welfare – services secure the protection and well-being of all
children in their physical, intellectual, social and emotional development.
a. programs for the development of needy pre-school children – to
provide opportunities to have a proper start in life through an integrated
program of social development and nutritional feeding in the day care service
centers.
b. day care service – children below 6 years old are provided part-time
substitute parental care while their working mothers are outside of the
home.
c. child care and placement services – provision of alternative parental
care to children in especially difficult circumstances whose parents are
unable to provide for their basic needs, temporarily or permanently brought
about by problems in family relationship.
1. adoption – a legal process whereby
a child who is deprived of a birth
family is provided with substitute new
ties. An adopted child enjoys the same
rights and privileges as that of a
biological child.
Every child has a right to be protected.

Duty Bearers
Adoption

a socio-legal process of providing a

permanent family to a child

 social process – is relinquishing and forming of relationship

 Legal process is involving judicial decision of adoption

 Parents who voluntarily or involuntarily

relinquished parental authority over
the child.
(SOURCE: RA 8552)
Child
 a person below eighteen (18) years of age

(SOURCE: RA 9523)
Child

 a person over eighteen (18)

years of age
 but is unable to fully take care of
him/herself or
 protect himself/herself from
abuse, neglect, cruelty,
exploitation, or discrimination
 because of physical or mental
disability or condition.
(SOURCE: RA 9523)
Voluntarily committed child

 a child whose parent(s)

 knowingly and willingly relinquishes parental
authority to the DSWD

 or any accredited child- caring agency.

 Through signed Deed of Voluntary

Commitment

(SOURCE: RA 9523)
Involuntarily committed child

 is one whose parent(s), known or unknown,

has been permanently and judicially deprived
of parental authority due to
 abandonment;
 substantial, continuous, or repeated neglect;
 abuse;
 or incompetence to discharge parental responsibilities

 Includes abandoned child and neglected

child

(SOURCE: RA 9523)
1. Abandoned Child

 refers to a child who has no proper parental care or

guardianship, or

 whose parent(s) have deserted him/her for a period

of at least three (3) continuous months, which
includes a foundling.
 Absolute no contact in full 3 months

(SOURCE: RA 9523)
Abandoned Child

 Declaration of abandonment is now administrative

and no longer judicial
 Petition for declaration of abandonment shall be
applied by the concerned LGU.
 Documents needed:

 Publication (local or national)

 Radio announcement
 Police blotter
 Postal mailing

(SOURCE: RA 9523)
2. Neglected Child

 refers to a child whose basic needs have been deliberately unattended or

inadequately attended within a period of three (3) continuous months

 physical neglect- malnourished, no shelter

 emotional neglect characterized by maltreatment abuses

SOURCE: RA 9523)
Neglected Child

 Petition of declaration of child neglect by the

LSWDO
 Judicial decision by the court (purely legal)
 Decree of order serves as attached document
for CDCLAA application
Neglected Child

 Petition of declaration of child neglect by the

LSWDO
 Judicial decision by the court (purely legal)
 Decree of order serves as attached document
for CDCLAA application
POVERTY
WHO CAN BE ADOPTED?
A child legally available for adoption

 a child in whose favor a certification was issued

by the DSWD

 Be it voluntarily surrendered or involuntary.

(SOURCE: RA 9523)
A child legally consented for adoption

 a child in whose favor a consent to adoption was

exhibited by the biological parents.

 It is voluntary and is within 4th degree of

consanguinity or affinity.

(SOURCE: DSWD A.O 12, s. 2011)

WHO CAN ADOPT
A CHILD?
Any Filipino citizen of legal age

 in possession of full civil capacity

and legal rights, of good moral
character

 has not been convicted of any

crime involving moral turpitude

(Source: E.O 209)

Any Filipino citizen of legal age

 emotionally and psychologically capable of

caring for children

 at least 16 years older than the adoptee,

and who is in a position to support and care
for his/her children in keeping with the
means of the family.
(Source: E.O 209)
Any alien

possessing the same qualifications as above

stated for Filipino nationals:

 Provided, That his/her country has diplomatic

relations with the Republic of the Philippines,

 he/she has been living in the Philippines for at

least 3 continuous years prior to the filing of the
application for adoption and maintains such
residence until the adoption decree is entered
Any alien

possessing the same qualifications as above stated for Filipino nationals:

 certified by his/her diplomatic or consular office of

 his/her legal capacity to adopt in his/her country,
 and that his/her government allows the adoptee to enter his/her country as his/her
adopted son/daughter
TYPES OF ADOPTION

 Agency adoptions

 Family or relative adoptions

 Private or independent
adoptions
1. AGENCY ADOPTION

 Also known as Regular adoption

 Adoptee is from DSWD Center or duly accredited
child placing agency
 Adoption matching procedure
 CDCLAA requirement
 Either voluntary or involuntary committed child
2. FAMILY/RELATIVE ADOPTION

 Within 4th degree of consanguinity or affinity

 Consented child for adoption by biological parents
 Does not require CDCLAA
 Goes directly to family courts
3. Private or Independent Placement

 Entrusted by biological parents to private

individual
 Could be voluntary and involuntary depending on
the development of the circumstance
 Could be relative or CDCLAA application/petition
 Risky type of adoption and is discouraged.
POLICIES THAT GOVERN
THE ADOPTION
PROCEDURES
GENERAL POLICY

A. Signing of Deed of Voluntary Commitment and Consent to Adoption

 Legitimate/Legitimated Child, both biological parents
 Illegitimate child, acknowledged by the father, both biological parents
 Illegitimate child, not acknowledged, only the biological mother
INTER-COUNTRY ADOPTION

 is governed by the R.A 8043 otherwise known as "Inter-Country Adoption

Act of 1995”.

Creation of the Inter-Country

Adoption Board
- act as the policy-making body for purposes
of carrying out the provisions of this Act, in
consultation and coordination with the
Department and other agencies.
INTER-COUNTRY ADOPTION

 A socio-legal process of adopting a Filipino child

by a foreigner .

 or a Filipino citizen permanently residing abroad

where the petition is filed, the supervised trial
custody is undertaken, and the decree of
adoption is issued outside the Philippines
INTER-COUNTRY ADOPTION

 Child - a person below fifteen (15) years of age

 Inter-Country Adoption as the Last Resort

 Exhausting process in domestic adoption

 An alien or a Filipino citizen permanently residing

abroad may file application

 At least 27 years of age and at least 16 years older

than the child to be adopted, at the time of
application, if not parent
DOMESTIC ADOPTION

 Is governed by R.A 8552 otherwise known as "Domestic Adoption

Act of 1998”

 Operationally, it covers all

procedures involving a Filipino child
and a Filipino Adopter
DOMESTIC ADOPTION
 requirements on residency may be waived for the
following:
 a former Filipino citizen who seeks to adopt a relative
within the fourth (4th) degree of consanguinity or
affinity; or
 seeks to adopt the legitimate son/daughter of his/her
Filipino spouse; or
 married to a Filipino citizen and seeks to adopt jointly
with his/her spouse
 a relative within the fourth (4th) degree of consanguinity or affinity of the Filipino spouse;
RA 9523
RA 9523

“Requires the CERTIFICATION

DECLARING THE CHILD LEGALLY
AVAILABLE FOR ADOPTION
(CCLAA) as prerequisite for
adoption proceedings amending
certain provisions of RA 8552, RA
8043 and PD 603 and for other
Purposes”
RA 9523

 No child shall be adopted or subject for adoption

proceedings without CDCLAA.

 applies outside 4th degree of consanguinity or

affinity
Surrendered Child

Within the 1st to 3rd month upon admission/referral of the

child to the agency, the social worker shall:

a. Facilitate the signing of Deed of Voluntary

Commitment (DVC), 3 copies original and notarized

b. Birth certificate

c. Conduct Home visits to client

Continuation

d. Secure a photo of the child (whole body),

recent and upon admission.
e. Prepare SCSR using the prescribed format
f. File an application for issuance of a
Certification

Note: 3 months begins upon the execution of

DVC
Abandoned or Dependent
Child
Within 1st to 2nd month, the worker shall upon admission:

a. Secure colored photo of the child, 2x2 and

whole body
b. Birth Certificate if available
c. Home visit to last known given address of
parents
 LSWDO shall file a petition to the
DSWD Field Office
 judgment of the court on the involuntary
commitment of the child

and other
documents
presented in
court
ADOPTION COST

50,000.00 to
70,000.00
THE legal Process
alone
THINGS TO REMEMBER
THINGS TO REMEMBER
 No Coercion

 bribery

 and other means of convincing the parents to

give up her child in
exchange of something. It’s illegal.
THINGS TO REMEMBER
- Social Workers shall do its best to convince
the parents not to give up their parental
authority,
- provide counseling and other services to help her
not to surrender her child.
- IF, determined, proceed the preparation of the
documents for pre-adoption process.
EFFECTS OF ADOPTION
A family to
call your
own
Same benefits of
the legitimate
child
A chance to live and enjoy the
basic rights
 RIGHT OF A CHILD

 LOVE TO HAVE A FAMILY

Other children served

 Children in Especially Difficult Circumstances

 including those exploitations and hazardous labor these are children who
worked for a living in precarious situations and than in their strength capacity
of labor who usually not compensated well and even no payment at all
bargaining it for foods.
 Neglected, abandoned, destitute orphan children
 Neglected children are those who still have parents but irresponsible in giving
their basic needs such as food, clothing and education.
 Orphan are those who have no parents at all or even relatives
 Abandoned are those left behind by parents without intending to return to
them
 Destitute are those children who belong to poorest of the poor family who
cannot provide the minimum basic needs.
 Street Children are those children living on the street who are vulnerable
to bad and corrupt influence sometimes called children at risk.
 Physically and sexually abused
 Children trapped in substance and drug abuse
 Children displaced because of disaster
 Children in Indigenous and Cultural communities
 Children with parents HIV diagnose positive
 Children in conflict with the Law
 Children with Physical Deformities
 And all other difficult circumstances where children are deprived of their
rights as children
2. legal guardianship – a process undertaken to provide substitute parental
care through the appointment of a legal guardian for the child, including his
property, until the child reaches the age of majority. A letter of guardianship
s generally issued by the court to members of the extended family. This
however, does not give the child equal rights and status compared to the
biological or adopted child.
3. foster care – refers to a substitute temporary parental care provided to a
child by a licensed foster family under the supervision of a social worker.
Placement may occur as a result of parent‟s voluntary request for temporary
help through a court order. Foster care placement maximizes protection for
children, and assures the preservation of families. The ultimate aim is to
reunite the child with a biological family or to prepare the child for adoption
r, in the case of older children, to prepare then for independent living.
 4. residential/institutional care – this provides 24 hour residential group
care to children whose needs cannot, at the time, be adequately met by
their biological parents and other alternative family care arrangements.
Residential facilities provide an approximation of family life in varying
degrees under the guidance of trained staff. Because of problems inherent
to residential care, it is used as a last recourse. In the absence of foster
families, however, it is the first and only option available to a child who
needs to be removed from his family.
Children for Residential Care
 Children who cannot at a given time make use of the opportunities that
the family life can offer.
 Abandoned including foundlings
 Large sibling groups who cannot be accommodated/placed in one foster
family
 Children with behavioral problems who cannot meet the demands and
expectations of family living
 Street children
 Abused, exploited children whose continuous stay in their home would be
detrimental to their welfare.

SERVICES:
 Social services, group living, educational services, health services,
psychological/psychiatric services, recreational services
d. Child Protective Services – refers to the provision of the immediate
interventions of the child to ensure his/her protection from abuse, neglect
and exploitation. This service is rehabilitative and preventive in nature.
 Early detection and preventive services
 Treatment and rehabilitation services
 Training and research
e. Special Social services for Working Children
Working children below 15 years old who are employed, permitted or
suffered to work in any public, private establishment where they are not
directly under the responsibility of their parents/guardians. However,
children in economic activities under the responsibility of parents also
become victims of child labor when conditions of work are hazardous and/or
exploitative.
 Rescue and report
 Protective custody
 Legal assistance
 Psychological intervention
 Family intervention
 Aftercare services
4.
4. Persons with disability and the drug dependents.

Persons with disability (PWD) are those suffering from restriction of different
abilities as a result of a mental, physical or sensory impairment, to perform
an activity in the manner or within the range considered normal for a human
being. Ex. Blind, deaf, mute, orthopedically handicapped
a. vocational rehabilitation – provides assessment and guidance,
social adjustment, vocational training and placement services.
b. social rehabilitation – concerns the resocialization and re-
orientation of client‟s attitudes, values and purposes in life in preparation for
his total rehabilitation.
c. selecting employment – concerns with the individualized process
of counseling and placement to find suitable jobs for the PWDs and special
groups in order to achieve a gainful occupation.
d. Financial Assistance

e. Community Rehabilitation Action Programs – bringing together in

partnership all segments of the community that all may significantly and
meaningfully involved in initiating, developing, carrying out or supporting
rehabilitation programs for the PWDs .
1. preventive education and community information
2. community outreach
3. international relations
f. assistance for physical restoration (assistive devices)
g. referral services
5. Emergency Welfare – the rehabilitation of individuals, families, groups,
communities in crisis situation ex. Victims of natural and man-made disasters,
displaced families, squatters (now known as informal settlers, evacuees,
returnees, individual in crisis situation
a. On the emergency phase
1. rescue and evacuation
2. emergency assistance of food, clothing, medicines and other basic
needs
3. temporary shelter
4. transportation assistance
5. limited financial assistance
b. on the restoration phase
 6. Health and Medical field
a. nutrition ex. Supplemental feeding
b. family planning
c. care and assistance for indigent patients
d. medical social services for patients in hospitals who
may require it
e. psychiatric social services
7. Correctional services
a. probation and after care for juvenile and criminal offenders
b. social services on penal institutions and detention centers
8. Community Welfare
a. matching needs and resources
b. joint planning
c. joint fund raising
d. mobilization of peoples‟ participation
e. community development/building
Social Welfare Concepts
Regarding Poverty

What is Poverty?
 The shortage of common things such as food, clothing,
shelter and safe drinking water, all of which determine
the quality of life.
 It may also include the lack of access to opportunities
such as education and employment which aid the
escape from poverty.
 It could be lack of choice. “Beggars cannot be
choosers.”
 It could also mean deprivation. “To be poor is to be deprived of those
goods and services and pleasures which others around us take for
granted.”
 It could mean social exclusion: process through which individuals or groups
are wholly or partially excluded from full participation in the society in
which they live.
 It also involves social disintegration and environmental degradation, which
David Korten describes as forming the threefold human crisis in the world
today.
 Hence, poverty is multidimensional.
 The definition of poverty may differ relative to the norms of each
particular society.

WHO ARE THE POOR?

 R.A. 8425 – Social Reform and Poverty Alleviation Act passed by Congress
in December 1997:
 The poor refers to individuals and families whose incomes fall below the
official poverty threshold as defined by the government and or cannot
afford to provide in a sustained manner for their minimum basic needs for
food, health, education, housing and other social amenities of life.
 Historical factors – colonialism and neo-colonialism; post-communism
(political economy)
 Economic inequality/socio-economic stratification
 Recession
 Shock to food prices

 Lack of democracy
 Governance incompetence and corruption
(“kung walang corrupt, walang mahirap” P-Noy)
 Weak rule of Law (The law must be applied to all or none at all” –Mayor
Lim)
 Lack of Peace and Order (Farms not Arms” KMP)
 Overpopulation
 Educational attainment and
employable skills
 Brain drain
 Cultural causes: pre-historic beliefs
 Social discrimination: gender, caste,
race/ethnicity, age, disability,
religious/political belies
 Erosion
 Desertificationand overgrazing (e.g.
Sub-Saharan Africa)
 Deforestation
 Geographic and natural resource
factors
 Drought and water crisis
 Climate change
 The effects of poverty may also be
causes, thus creating a “poverty
cycle” operating across multiple
levels, individual, household, local,
national and global.
 “set of factors or events by which
poverty, once started, is like to
continue unless there is outside
intervention.”
 sometimes called the “poverty trap”
 Situationalpoverty – which can
generally be traced to a specific
incident within the lifetimes of the
person or family members in poverty:
 Generational poverty – which is a cycle
that passes from generation to
generation, and goes on to argue that
generational poverty has its own distinct
culture and belief patterns.
 Stage –in-the-Family-Life-Cycle – poverty for those
starting from scratch or those who are in their sunset
years have become unemployed

 Lifetime poverty – poor from cradle to grave but

their children might manage to be better off if given
the opportunity

 Acquired poverty – those who became poor because

of disaster, economic recession, accident, illness,
abandonment, gambling, alcoholism, etc.

 Intergenerational poverty – passing on poverty to

the next generation
 Food Threshold – also referred to as
the subsistence threshold or the food
poverty line.
 Poverty threshold- refers to the cost
of minimum basic needs: food + non-
food. It could also mean the
minimum income/expenditure
required for a family/individual to
meet the basic food and non-food
requirements.
 Poverty incidence – refers to the proportion of families/individuals with
per capita income/expenditure less than the per capita poverty threshold
to the total number of families/individuals.
 Gross National Product- total income available fpr private and public
spending in a country; total domestic and foreign output claimed by
residents of a country. What they claim is income, thus GNP is a measure
of national income. GNP per capita is average income of each member of
the population.
 Gross Domestic Product – measures the size of the economy; total final of
goods and services produced by an economy.
 Human Development Index (HDI) – an index used to rank countries by
level of “human development”, which usually implies whether a country is
a developed, developing, or underdeveloped country.

 Gini Coefficient- one way of measuring equality or inequality. It is defined

graphically as a ratio of two surfaces involving the summation of all
vertical deviations between the Lorenz curve and the perfect equality line
(A) divided by the difference between the perfect equality and perfect
inequality lines (A+B).
 Rurallocation; work in agriculture (due
to lack of investment)
 Informal sector of employment
 Educational attainment of the household
head
 Family size and number of dependents
 Otherhousehold incomes, especially
remittances and pension
SOCIAL WELFARE in DEVELOPMENT
 It is more money, bigger houses, faster computers? This is material or
economic development.

 But this wealth is unevenly distributed not only in the Philippines but
throughout the world.

 Do you know that the richest 20% of the world‟s people consume about
80% of its resources while the poorest struggle to survive with unclean
water, inadequate food, shelter, education and health care?
Development – is the process of improving the capability of
country‟s situation and value systems to meet increasing and different
demands of a social, cultural, political, as well as economic character. The
process whereby a country deliberately fosters economic abundance and
social equity through the orderly and wise utilization of resources so as to
attain a better life for all.
Economic development – is the expansion of a nation‟s capability to
produce the goods and services that its people need.
Social development – refers to the rise in the levels of living, a more
equitable distribution of income and wealth, a better system of socio-
economic stratification, and a greater social mobility.
1. Charity to Citizen’s rights – benevolent indiscriminate giving to social
rights as citizens of a society.
2. Individual welfare concern to social welfare concern – special services
for special needs to common social contingencies such as employment,
housing, etc.
3. Private responsibility to Government responsibility – voluntary social
welfare efforts to government to function
4. Residual to Developmental – professional directed efforts through basic
institutions to the recognition that all citizens may require social services to
develop their capacities to perform productive roles and achieve and
maintain a desirable standard of well-being.
5. Social welfare in human service to social welfare in national
development – contributing to man‟s maximum development for nation
building.
1. Man’s search for meaning in society
- survival to socialization/participation
- self-awareness to social consciousness
- marginal man to self-reliant, participating
citizen
2. Formation of Ideologies
- an ideology is a reasonably coherent body of
ideas concerning practical means of how to
change and reform society, based upon a more or
less elaborate criticism of what is wrong with the
existing or antecedent society.
- Governments may be classified according
ideology based on the degree to which the
government controls and regulates property and
economic systems.
a. capitalistic government permits very great, although limited freedom to
the owners of capitals. The means and goods of production are in the hands
of private individuals.
b. in socialism, private ownership is permitted but the government regards
the major industries as public utilities – i.e. the major means of production
are owned by the government. The government in return is expected to
provide a wider range of job opportunities and welfare services.
c. communism permits no private ownership. Everything belongs to the
state. It is a classless society where there is absolute equality.
d. according to Pres. Marcos, ours is a free enterprise society with an
egalitarian base ( a society of equals).
 3. Religion and Development
a. Christianity and development
Christianity as a catalyst for development in its precepts against poverty
and inequality and ignorance and humiliation of the spirit as well as
the body.
b. Islam and Development
“Cooperate for good and not for evil”.
“God will never change any people unless they intend to change
themselves” – the koran. This verse contains the basic philosophy of
community development. It urges the people to foster a determination on
collective endeavors to redress the existing social evils and inequalities
4. Development as growth in income – means increase in national income
over a period of time. GNP is the sum of all earnings – wages, salary, rents,
dividends, profits, etc. “Trickle down theory” wherein economic growth
would eventually redound to social benefits.

5. Development as progress towards social goals – development is directed

and nurtured to the maximum improvement of the conditions, in which
people live. Economic growth is only worth having as long as it leads to an
improvement in the conditions in which people live.
6. Development as change in Economic
and Social Structure – consists of reforms of obstructive
structures at every level – local, national and international. Dynamic changes
in social structure and institutions i.e. change is stratification of classes as in
the land reform program widening participation in the national community
trough barangay and other citizens councils. Removal of social obstacles to
economic barriers to social change i.e. value reorientation and attitudinal
change towards big size families, work responsibility, profit sharing
7. Development as Liberation – it
is only when society is liberated from the
satelization that dominates it, from both
outside and within, that development in
the more normal sense is possible. Denotes
freedom from dependency, from both
internal and external obstacles to freedom
and from exploitative structures and
institutions in order that a man may realize
his potentials.
8. Development as Humanization
is the process of holding the material
and the spiritual in balance and tension. To
make people more human. To lift them out
of inhuman and dehumanizing conditions
of poverty and unemployment, ill health
diseases and ignorance. A humanism which
will enable modern man to find himself
anew by embracing the higher values of
love and friendship, prayer and
contemplation.
9. The ideal to be pursued is passage from
misery towards the possession of
necessities, victory over social scourges,
the growth of knowledge, the acquisition of
culture, increased self-esteem for the
dignity of others, the turning toward the
spirit of poverty, cooperation for the
common good, the will and the desire for
peace.
Development Strategies, Plans,
and Programs, Guiding Principles

1.1 Preamble- recognition is given to the inherent

dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all
members of the human family, as a foundation of freedom,
justice and peace in the world.” (Preamble, UN Declaration
of Human Rights)
 1.1.1 All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights and
should act in the spirit of brotherhood toward one another. (Art. 1)

 1.1.2 Despite any distinction i.e., race, color, sex, language, religion,
etc., everyone is entitled to all rights.

 1.1.3 Everyone has a right to life, liberty, and security as a person.

 1.1.4 Everyone has a right in full equality, to a fair and public hearing by
an independent tribunal in determining any criminal charges against him.
He is innocent „til proven guilty
 1.1.5 Everyone has right to privacy, and residence.

 1.1.6 Everyone of full age is free to marry, despite race, color, nationality
or religion and have a family.
 -“Family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and is
entitled to protection by society and the State. (Art. 16, Sec. 3)

 1.1.7 “Everyone has the right to a standard living adequate for the health
and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing,
housing and medical care, and necessary social services and the right to
security in the even of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood,
old age or lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control.”

 1.1.8 “Everyone has duties to the community in which alone the free and
full development of his personality is possible.” (Art. 29 Sec. 1)
1. Remedial social welfare- social welfare aims at supplementing and
substituting the inadequate care provided by the family, group or community.
It can be:

 Supplemental
 Substantive
 Rehabilitative

2. Preventive Social Welfare- is aimed primarily at strengthening the family

and other existing groups and communities, which attention is also given to
preventing abnormal individual behavior. It helps create new patterns of
social relations and new social institutions
3. Development social welfare- is oriented towards and makes direct
contribution to the process of development. Social welfare interventions
promote:
- human resources development
-social change
-people‟s participation in decision-making and nation building
1. Equitable distribution of goods and services
-Social welfare interventions for the care of orphans, the handicapped,
the aged, the destitute, may be seen as a redistribution of national income in
behalf of the neediest.
-Social welfare could help in the more equitable distribution of goods and
services by making these available to people who otherwise would not be
earning to purchase these.
-Social welfare could insure the availability of services required for
improving levels of living, and filling the gaps in the existing network of social
services if needed.
2. The prevention of social disruptions
-Most important role of social welfare activities here is the prevention of
family dislocation and in helping to establish new patterns of family living
and community solidarity
3. The development of human resources
- by conducting non-formal educational and vocational training programs
for community leaders, women, and youth
-By helping create conditions conductive to the fuller development of
women and the younger generation.
4. Introduction of social change
By motivating individuals and social groups to adopt new attitudes, values
and ways of life which will eventually result in committing whole community
to development

Social welfare should aim at:

 Directly associating individuals with the solution of their problems
 Engaging people in self-help projects
 Fostering voluntary initiative to meet the needs of fellow citizens
 Assisting in mobilizing community resources for developmental tasks
Selected List of Social Legislations of
the Philippines
Litigation and Court Procedures
 Republic Act No. 8369 – Family Courts Act 1997
 Republic Act No. 9344 – Juvenile Justice System

Administrative/Public Laws
 Indigenous Peoples Rights Act (1997)
 Republic Act no. 6728 – Government Assistance to Students
and Teachers in Private Education Act
 Republic Act No. 7160 – The Local Government Code of
1991
 Republic Act No. 7192 – Women in Development and Nation
Building Act
 Republic Act 7880 – Fair and Equitable Access to Education Act
 Republic Act No. 8282 – Social Security Act of 1997
 Republic Act No. 8425 – Social Reform and Poverty Alleviation Act
 Republic Act8972 – The Solo Parents‟ Welfare Act of 2000
 Republic Act No. 9155 – Governance of Basic Education Act of 2001
 R.A. 5416 – Creation of Department of Social Welfare (1968)
 R.A. 4373 – An Act to regulate the practice of social work and the
operation of social work agencies in the Philippines
Criminal Law
 R.A. 9344 – Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act
 R.A. 7877 – Anti-Sexual Harassment Act of 1995
 R.A. 8043 – Inter-Country Adoption Act 0f 1995
 R.A. 8353 – The Anti-Rape Law of 1997
 R.A. 8505- The Rape Victims Assistance and Protection Act of 1998
 R.A. 9208 – Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act
 R.A. 9262 – Anti-Violence Against Women and Their Children Act of 2004
 R.A. 6955 – An Act to Declare Unlawful the Practice of Matching Filipino
Women for Marriage to Foreign Nationals on mail order basis and other
similar practices
Civil Law
 R.A. 9255 – Act allowing illegitimate children to use the surname of their
father
 R.A. 9231 – The Special Protection of Children Against Child Abuse,
Exploitation and Discrimination Act
 R.A. 9255 – Family Code of the Philippines
Health Laws
 R.A. 6675 – Generics Act of 1988
 R.A. 7600 – Rooming-in-and Breastfeeding Act of 1992
 R.A. 7727 – Magna Carta for Disabled Persons
 R.A. 7875 – National Health Insurance Act of 1995
 R.A. 8423 – Traditional and Alternative Medicine Act (TAMA of 1997)
 R.A. 8504 – HIV Prevention and Control of 1988
 R.A. 9257 – Expanded Senior Citizens Act of 2004
 R.A. 9288 – Newborn Screening Act of 2004
 R.A. 9502 – An Act providing for Cheaper and Quality medicines
 R.A. 6972 – An Act Establishing a Day Care Center in Every barangay,
Instituting Therein a Total Development and Protection of Children
Program
Labor Laws
 R.A. 7658 – Prohibiting the Employment of Children Below Fifteen Years of
Age in Public and Private Undertakings
 R.A. 8402 – Migrant Workers and Overseas Filipinos Act of 1995
 R.A. 8187 – Paternity Leave Act of 1996
 R.A. 9422 – Amendment to the Migrant Workers and Overseas Filipinos Act
of 1995
 P.D. 442 – the Labor Code of the Philippines
Specific Laws by Sector

Children and Youth

 R.A. 7610 - Special Protection of Children Against Abuse,
Exploitation and Discrimination Act
 R.A. 9231 – Elimination of the worst Forms of child Labor
and Affording Stronger Protection for the Working Child
(2003)
 R.A. 9775 – Anti-Child Pornography Act of 2009
 P.D. 603 – The Child and Youth Welfare Code
 R.A. 9344 – Juvenile Justice and welfare Act of 2006
 R.A. 8552 – Domestic Adoption Act of 1988
 R.A. 8043 – Intercountry Adoption Act
 R,A. 8980 – Early Childhood Care and Development Act (20000R.A. 8043 –
Intercountry Adoption Act
 R.A. 9523 – An Act Requiring Certification of the Department of Social
Welfare and Development to Declare a “Child Legally Available for
Adoption” as prerequisite for adoption proceedings
 R.A. 6972 – Barangay Level Total Development and Protection of Children
Act
 R.A. 7323 – An Act to help Poor but Deserving Students Pursue their
Education by Encouraging their Employment during Summer and Christmas
Vacations
 R.A. 7600 – The Roaming-in and Breastfeeding Act of 1992
 R.A. 7624 – An Act Integrating Drug Prevention and Control in the
Intermediate Secondary Curricula as well as in the Nonformal, Informal
and Indigenous Learning Systems and for other PURPOSES
WOMEN
 R.A. 9710 – Magna Carta of Women
 R.A. 9262 – Anti-Violence Against Women and Their Children Act of 2004
 R.A. 9208 – Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act of 2003
 R.A. 10364 – Expanded Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act of 2012
 R.A. 8353 – The Anti-Rape Law
 R.A. 9995 – Anti-Photo and Video Voyeurism Act of 2009
 R.A. 7192 – Women in Development and Nation Building Act
 R.A. 7877 – Anti-sexual Harassment Act of 1995
 R.A. 8972 – Solo Parents‟ Welfare Act of 2000
 Differently Abled Persons and Elderly
 R.A. 7277 – Magna Carta for Disabled Persons
 R.A. 7432 – An Act to maximize the Contribution of Senior Citizens to
Nation Building, Grant Benefits and Special privileges and for Other
Purposes
 R.A. 7876 – Senior Citizens Center Act of the Philippines
 R.A. 9994 – Expanded Senior Citizens Act of 2010
 R.A. 8371 – The Indigenous Peoples Rights Act of 1997
 R.A. 6657 – Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law (for Farmers)
 R.A. 8042 – Migrant Workers and Overseas Filipinos Act of 1995
 R.A. 10121 – Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act
 R.A. 8425 – Social Reform and Poverty Alleviation Act of 1997
 Refers to the programs, services and other
activities provided under various auspices to
concretely answer the needs and problems of
the members of the society.
 A concrete demonstration of concern for the
“well-being” of human society.
 Partial compensation for the “socially
generated disservices” and “socially-caused
diswelfare”.
 Why social services? Because at all times
everywhere, there are people who have needs
and problems beyond their own capacity for
solution.
1. Humanitarian and Social Justice
Rooted in in the democratic ideal of
social justice, that it is right and just
to help a person realize his potential
especially the most afflicted, the most
dependent, the most neglected and
those least able to help themselves
and making them the priority for the
investment of scarce resources.
2. Social Control
this is based on the recognition that needy,
deprived, or disadvantaged groups may strike out,
so that society has to secure itself against the
threats to life, property and political stability in
the community.

3. Economic Development
programs designed to support increases in the
production of goods and services and other
resources that will contribute to economic
development.