GENERAL PHYSICS (HALF CYCLE) - ⃗ ⃗

d= d f −⃗
di
Motion - The sign indicates the direction (negative - moving towards
- Change in position with respect to a reference point its origin or the initial position of the object) (positive –
Reference point moves away from the origin)
- It is a point or something that can be used as a basis to III. Speed
describe the motion of an object - It tells you how fast an object moves but it does not give any
- Examples: information on what direction is moving
 A car moving away from the building – R.F. – building - Distance traveled per unit time
 A horse gallops halfway back to its trainer – R.F. trainer d
- v=
 A ball was dropped from the 2nd floor of the building – R.F. t
– 2nd floor of the building - Speed and distance are directly proportional to each other,
 You are standing still 2m away from the door of the which means when one quantity increases, the other
classroom – R.F. – door of the classroom quantity increases
 The bullet exits the barrel of the rifle at 200m/s – R.F. - Speed and time are inversely proportional to each other,
barrel of the rifle which means when one quantity increases, the other
TYPES OF MOTION (BASED ON THE OBJECT’S PATH) decreases
1. Translatory or Translational Motion IV. Velocity
- Motion of an object that is moving in a line either straight or - Contains both the speed and direction
curved with all parts moving in the same direction. - Rate of change of position with respect to time
- Can either be one dimensional (rectilinear) or two- ⃗d
dimensional (curvilinear) - ⃗v =
 Rectilinear t
- Linear motion; one dimensional motion - Velocity and distance are directly proportional to each other.
- The object is only moving in one dimension either As the distance increases, the speed also increases and vice
horizontally or vertically versa
 Curvilinear - Velocity and time are inversely proportional. As one quantity
- Object moves in two dimension; two-dimensional motion increases, the other quantity decreases
- the combination of both horizontal and vertical motion Instantaneous speed
2. Rotary Motion - Defined as the speed at any instant of time
- The object is rotating on an axis - Its magnitude and units are indicated by speedometer
- Example: carousel (as a whole), ferris wheel (as a whole)
- Also called as the rotatory motion Examples:
3. Circular Motion 1. A person jogs eight complete laps around a 400-m track in a
- A special case of rotary motion total time of 14.5min. Calculate his average speed in m/s.
- The motion of an object is moving in circle or in a circular Given: Unknown: Formula:
path d = 400-m v = ? (m/s) d
- Examples: carousel (one of the horses in the carousel), ferris t = 14.5 min v=
t
wheel (one of the cars) 400 m x 8=3,200 m
60 s
( )
4. Oscillatory motion
- The path of the moving object is to and fro or back and forth 14.5 min =870 s
- Examples: pengellum, swing
1 min
Mechanics Solution:
- Study of motion 3200 m
v=
- Subdivided into two: 870 s
1. Kinematics
- description of how objects move using mathematical
v=3.68 m/ s
equations
2. Dynamics
2. A horse trots away from its trainer in a straight line, moving
- deals mainly with force and the laws of motion to describe
38m away in 9.0s. It then turns abruptly and gallops halfway
why objects move as they do
back in 1.8s. Calculate:
a. Its average speed and;
KINEMATIC QUANTITIES
b. Its average velocity using "away from the trainer" as the
I. Distance
positive direction
- The length of the path the body has taken
- “how much ground an object has covered?” Given: Unknown: Formula:
II. Displacement
Away from the trainer ⃗v =? ⃗d
d = 38 m ⃗v =
- Shortest length between the initial position and the final
t=9s t
position of a body back to the trainer
- Change in position d = 19 m
- “How far the body is from its starting point?” t = 1.8 s
- Will tell the direction of the moving object Solution:
⃗
d f −⃗di −20 m
⃗v = ¿
t 3 sec

19 m−38 m v=−6.67 m/s

⃗v =
9 s+1.8 s 6. If you are driving 95 km/h along a straight road and you
look to the side for 2.0s, how far do you travel during this
−19 m inattentive period?
⃗v =
10.8 s Given: Unknown: Formula:
v = 95 km/h d = ? (m) d=v x t
t = 2.0
⃗v =−1.76 m/s

3. Two trains approach each other on parallel tracks. Each has

a speed of 155 km/h with respect to the ground. If they are
initially 8.5km apart, how long will it be before they reach
h (
95 km 1 x 103 m
1 km )( 3600
1h
s)
=26.39 m/s
Solution:
each other (in hours)?
m
Given: Unknown: Formula: d=(26.39 )( 2.0 s)
v = 155 km/h t = ? (h) d s
d = 8.5 km t=
v
8.5 km d=52.78m
=4.25 km
2
Solution: 7. How far (in meters) can a cyclist travel in 120 minutes along
4.25 km a straight road if average speed is 20 km/h?
t= Given: Unknown: Formula:
150 km/h v = 20 km/h d = ? (m) d=v x t
t = 120 minutes

( )(
t=0.03 h

4. Every year the Earth travels about 1 x 109 km as it orbits the

20 km 1 x 103 m
h 1 km
1h
60mins
120 mins
7200 s )(
=5.56 m/s )
Sun. What is Earth's average speed in km/h?
Given:
d = 1 x109 km
Unknown:
t = ? (h)
Formula:
d
120 mins (
60 s
1 min )
=7200 s

t= Solution:
t = 1 year
1 year = 365.27 days v d=(5.56 m/s)(7200 s)
1 day = 24 hrs

1 year ( 365.24
1 year )( 1 day )
days 24 h
=8765.76 h
8.
d=40,032 m

Earth-based astronomers shoot laser beams at the reflecting

Solution:
9 panels placed on a space satellite’s surface. If the speed of
1 x 10 km
v= light is 3 x 108 m/s and the approximate distance between
8765.76 h the astronomers and the space satellite is 2.8 x 10 8 m;
calculate the time it will take for the reflected laser beam to
v=114080.24 km/h be observed by the astronomers on earth.
Given: Unknown: Formula:
5. The position of a runner is plotted as moving along the x axis
v = 3 x 108 m/s t = ? (s) d
d = 2.8 x 108 m t=
of a coordinate system. During 3s time interval, the runner's
t=3s v
position changes from x1 = 50m to x2 = 30m. What is the
runner's average velocity? Solution:
Given: Unknown: Formula:
2.8 x 108 m
d1 = 50 m v = ? (m/s) d t=
d2 = 30 m v= 3 x 108 m/s
t=3s t

Solution: ¿ 0.93 x 2
30 m−50 m
v= t=1.87 s
3 sec

V. Acceleration
- It measures how fast or slow a speed/velocity changes over
a⃗ =−0.67 m/ s2
an interval of time. (accelerates)
- A speed with a change in direction c. Given Unknown Formula: Solution:
- A body accelerates whenever there is a change in speed, a
vi =10 m/s : v f −⃗
⃗ vi m m
change in direction, or a change in both speed and direction a⃗ =? a⃗ = −7 −(−10 )
- The SI unit of the numerator is m/s and for the v f =7 m/s t s s
a⃗ =
denominator is s t =2 s 2s
v⃗f −⃗vi a⃗ =1.5 m/s
2
- a⃗ = (decelerates)
∆t
Deceleration 3. At highway speeds, a particular automobile is capable of an
- if the velocity decreases or the speed of an object slow down acceleration of about 1.8 m/s2. At this rate, how long does it
Examples: take to accelerate from 65 km/h to 120 km/h?
1. Imagine a runner attained a speed of 6 m/s after 2 s from the Given: Unknown: Formula:
start of the race. Solve for the following problems using the a⃗ =1.8 m/ s
2 t = ? v −v
f i
given information: vi =65 km/h t=
⃗a
a. What is her average acceleration during this time interval?
b. Suppose she attained a speed of 10 m/s after 8 s from the
v f =120 km/h
start of the race. What is her average acceleration during
the 2 to 8 s time interval?
c. Suppose at 8 s from the start of the race, she slows down to
h (
65 km 1 x 103 m
1 km )( )
1h
3600 s
=18.06 m/s

( ) ( 3600 s )
3
a speed of 7 m/s for 2 s. What is her average acceleration 120 km 1 x 10 m 1h
for this time interval? =33.33 m/s
h 1 km
a. Given Unknown Formula: Solution:
v =0 m/s : v −⃗
⃗ v m
i
a⃗ =? a⃗ = f i
6 −0 m/ s Solution:
v f =6 m/s t s 33.33 m/ s−18.06 m/s
a⃗ = t=
t =2 s 2s m
a⃗ =3 m/s
2 1.8 2
b. Given: Unknown Formula: Solution:
s
vi =6 m/s : v f −⃗
⃗ vi m
a⃗ =? a⃗ = 10 −6 m/s t=8.48 s
v f =10 m/ s t s
a⃗ =
t=6 s 6s Negative direction Positive direction
2
a⃗ =0.67 m/s Acceleration = (+) = Acceleration = (+) =
c. Given Unknown Formula: Solution: decelerating accelerating
Acceleration = (-) = Acceleration = (-) =
vi =10 m/s : v f −⃗
⃗ vi m
a⃗ =? a⃗ = 7−10 m/s accelerating decelerating
v f =7 m/s t s The body “accelerates” when velocity and acceleration have
a⃗ =
t =2 s 2s the same direction.
2 The body “decelerates” when velocity’s direction is opposite
a⃗ =−1.5 m/s of the acceleration’s direction.
2. Imagine a runner attained a speed of 6 m/s, West after 2 s
from the start of the race. Solve for the following problems Transposition and Rearranging Equations
using the given information: SOLVING EQUATIONS
a. What is her average acceleration during this time interval? 1. Remove fractions
b. Suppose she attained a velocity of 10 m/s, West after 8 s 2. Remove brackets
from the start of the race. What is her average acceleration 3. Move added/ subtracted terms
during the 2 to 8 s time interval? 4. Divide by the number next to the letter
c. Suppose at 8 s from the start of the race, she slows down to Examples:
a speed of 7 m/s, West for 2 s. What is her average 1. Solve for a
acceleration for this time interval?
1 2
a. Given Unknown Formula: Solution: s=ut+ a t
v =0 m/s : v −⃗
⃗ v m 2
i
a⃗ =? a⃗ =
f i
−6 −0 m/ s
v f =6 m/s t s 2 s=2 ut+ a t
2
a⃗ =
t =2 s 2s 2
a⃗ =−3 m/s
2 2 s−2 ut =a t
(accelerates) 2 s−2ut a t
2
b. Given: Unknown Formula: Solution: = 2
vi =6 m/s : v f −⃗
⃗ vi m m t2 t
a⃗ =? a⃗ = 10 −(−6 )
v f =10 m/ s t s s 2 s−2ut
a⃗ = =a
t=6 s 6s t2
2. Solve for r
V
( )2
y+z
x =t
I=
R +r 2x
=t
I ( R+r )=V y+ z
5. Solve for “b”
IR+ Ir =V 2 2
b +c
Ir =V −IR a=
2
Ir V −IR b2+ c 2
= 2[a= ]2
I I 2
V −IR 2 a=b +c
2 2
r=
I
3. Solve for c
2 a−c 2=b2
1 2
a= b c
√ 2 a−c2 =√ b2
2
√ 2 a−c2 =b
2 1 2 2
[a= b c ] 6. Solve for “z”
1 2 1 x
w=
2 a=b c 2 y+z

2 a b c2 x
= ( y + z )[w= ]( y + z)
b b y+z

2a 2 ( y + z ) w=x
=c
b wy +wz=x

√ 2a
b
=√c
2 wz=x−wy
w z x−wy
=

√ 2a w w
=c 2
b x−wy
z=
4. Solve for “t” w
x= ( y +2 z ) t
Uniformly Accelerated Motion
( y + z )t - We can say that it is UAM when the acceleration is
x=
2 constant.
UAM EQUATIONS:
( y + z)t
( v 2+v ) t
(2) x= (2) v f =v i +⃗a t f i
2 d=
2 x=( y + z ) t v f 2 + vi2 1 2
d= d=v i t+ a⃗t
( y +z )t 2 ⃗a 2
2x
= Equation 1: (from acceleration) v f =v i +⃗
at
( y + z ) ( y+ z)
v −v
2x a⃗ = f i
=t t
y+ z
a⃗ t=v f −v i
Or
vi + ⃗a t=v f
2
y+ z
[ x= ( )
y+z
2
t]
2
y+z Equation 2: (from average speed/velocity)
d= (
v f +v i
2 ) t STEPS IN SOLVING PROBLEMS INVOLVING UAM AND FREE-
FALL:
Given: d, t; v f ∧v i 1. Write down what quantities are “known” or “given,” and
then what you want to know or the "unknown". You may
d v +v d v +v need to “translate” language into physical terms, such as
v= v= f i = f i
t 2 t 2 “starts from rest” means the initial velocity is equal to zero.

( )
When you use UAM equations, you should also use base
d v +v
t = f i t units or SI units such as meters and seconds.
t 2 2. Make sure you have three given variables on each problem.
Consider which equations relate the quantities involved.
d=( )
v +v f ( v ¿ ¿ f + v )t
i i Choose the most applicable for the problem. The table below
t ¿ d= ¿
2 2 will help you identify which equation can be used to solve a
problem:

Equation 3: (from UAM eq.1 and eq.2) UAM Equation a⃗ t vi vf d

( v f +v i
)
#1
v f =v i +⃗a t ∧d= t #2
2
#3
v f −v i=⃗a t #4
v f −v i a⃗ t
= 3. Carry out the calculation. (Round off your final answer to
⃗a ⃗a two decimal places)
v f −v i
=t
⃗a
Examples:

d=
2 (
v f +v i v f −v i
(
⃗a )
)
1. The speedboat has a constant acceleration of 2m/s 2. If the
initial velocity of the boat is 6m/s, find its displacement after
8 seconds.
v f 2−v f v i+ v f v i−v i2 Given: Unknown: Formula:
d= a⃗ =2 m/s
2 ⃗
d=? 1 2
2 ⃗a d⃗ =v i t+ ⃗a t
2 2
vi =6 m/s 2
v f −v f v i+ v f v i−v i t= 8 s
d=
2 ⃗a Solution:
1
v f −v i2 d⃗ =(6 m/s )(8 s)+ (2 m/ s2 )(8 s)2
2
d= 2
2 ⃗a 1 2 2
¿ 48 m+ (2 m/s )(64 s )
Equation 4: (from eq.1 and eq.2) 2
1
v f =v i +⃗a t ∧d= ( v f +v i
2
t ) ¿ 48 m+ (128 m)
2
¿ 48 m+64 m
( v i +⃗a t ) +v i t ⃗
d=112m
d=[ ]
2 1 2. Car A started from rest and attained a speed of 26.82 m/s
with an acceleration of 2.35 m/s2. How much time does it
v i t + ⃗a t 2+ v i t take for the car to reach this speed?
d= Given: Unknown: Formula:
2
a⃗ =2.35 m/s
2
t=? v f =v i +⃗a t
can be written as
vi =0 m/s v f −v i=⃗a t
v i t ⃗a t 2 v i t v f =26.82m/s v f −v i a⃗ t
d= + + =
2 2 2 ⃗a ⃗a
can also be written as v f −v i
=t
1 1 2 1 ⃗a
d= v i t + ⃗a t + v i t Solution:
2 2 2
26.82m/ s−0 m/s
t=
1 2 2.35 m/s
2
d=v i t+ a⃗ t
2
26.82m/s
¿ 4. You are designing an airport for small planes. One kind of
2.35 m/s 2 airplane that might use this airfield must reach a speed
t=11.41 s before take-off of at least 27.8 m/s, and can accelerate at
3. Starting from rest, a motorcycle accelerates at a constant 2m⁄s2
acceleration of 5 m/s2? a. If the runway is 150m long, solve for the take-off speed
a. What is its speed after 9s? of the airplane.
b. How much distance did it travel after 5s from rest? b. Can it reach the required speed for take-off?
c. How much distance did it travel in the time interval from c. If not, what minimum length must the runway have?
5 to 9 s? a. Given: Unknown: Formula:
a. Given: Unknown: Formula: a⃗ =2 m/s 2 v f =? v f 2 + vi2
a⃗ =5 m/s 2
v f =? v f =v i +⃗a t vi =0 m/s d=
2 ⃗a
vi =0 m/ s d=150m
( )
2 2
t=9 s v + vi
( 2 ⃗a ) d= f (2 ⃗a )
Solution: 2 ⃗a
2
v f =0+(5 m/ s )(9 s) 2
2 ⃗a d=v f + v i
2

v f =45 m/s v f 2=v i2−2 ⃗a d

b. Given: Unknown: Formula:
a⃗ =5 m/s
2
d=? 1 2 √ v f 2=√ v i2 +2 ⃗a d
d=v i t+ a⃗ t
v f = √ v i +2 a⃗ d
2
⃗
vi =0 m/ s 2
t=5 s Solution:
Solution: v f = √ (0 m/s)2 +2(2 m/s 2)(150 m)
1
d=(0 m/ s )(5 s)+ (5 m/ s2 )(5 s)2 ¿ √ 2(300 m 2 /s2 )
2
¿ √ 600 m / s
2 2
1 2
¿ (5 m/s )(25 s) v f =24.49m/ s
2
b. No
1
¿ (125 m/s ) c. Given: Unknown: Formula:
2 a⃗ =2 m/s
2
d=? 2
v f + vi
2

d=62.5 m vi =0 m/s d=
c. Given: Unknown: Formula:
2 ⃗a
v f =27.8 m/ s
( v 2+v ) t
a⃗ =2.35 m/s
2
d=? f i
v f =45 m/s d= Solution:
(0 m/ s¿¿ 2)
t=4 s d=(27.8 m/s)2 + ¿
Solution:
2(2 m/s)
2 2
¿ getting vi 772.84 m / s
¿
v f =v i +⃗a t 4 m/s
d=193.21m/s
v f −⃗a t=v i 5. A car is traveling on a dry road with a velocity of 32 m/s. The
driver slams on the brakes and skids to a halt with an
vi =45 m/s−20 m/ s acceleration of -8m/s2. On an icy road, the car would have
skidded to a halt with an acceleration of -3m/s 2. How much
vi =25 m/s farther would the car have skidded on the icy road compared
to the dry road?
Given: Unknown: Formula:
d=?
( v 2+v ) t
Dry Road v 2−v 2
f i
d=
f i
a⃗ =−8 m/s 2 d=
2 ⃗a
⃗
vi =32 m/ s
⃗
v f =0 m/s
¿ ( 45 m/s+25
2
m/ s
)( 4 s) Icy Road

¿(
2 )
2
70 m/s a⃗ =−3 m/ s
(4 s ) ⃗
vi =32 m/ s
⃗
v f =0 m/s
¿(35 m/ s)(4 s) Solution:
d=140m
DRY ROAD:
d=0−¿ ¿ v f = ( 40 m/s )−25 m/s
d=64 m v f =15 m/ s
ICY ROAD:
d=0−¿ ¿
( 40 m/ s ) + ( 25 m/s )
d=170.67 m d=( )(3 s)
Final Answer: 2
170.67 m – 64m
= 106.67m 7 5 m/ s
6. An object from rest with a constant acceleration of 5 m/𝑠2 d=( )( 3 s)
along a straight line. Find:
2
a. The speed at the end of 15 s d=(3 7.5 m/s)(3 s)
Given: Unknown: Formula:
a⃗ =5 m/s 2 v f =? (m/ s) v f =v i +⃗a t d=97 .5 m
t = 15 s
vi =0m/s
Solution: Free fall Motion
- is an example of UAM, because the acceleration of a body in
v f =0 m/s+ ( 5 m/ s ) (15 s)
2
the state of free- fall is constant.
v f =0 m/s+75 m/s - A free-falling body has a constant acceleration of 9.8 m/s2,
v f =75 m/ s directed downward. This value is what we call as the
acceleration due to gravity.
b. The average speed for that 15 s time interval - Acceleration is a vector quantity. Therefore every time we
use the value of acceleration due to gravity which is 9.8
Given: Unknown: Formula: m/s2 in an equation, we will consider its direction making it
vi =0 m/s v=? (m/s) v=¿ – 9.8 m/s2.
v f =75 m /s - “When an object falls under the influence of gravity alone, it
Solution: is in a state of free fall.” – Gallileo Gallilei
- According to Galileo, air acts as a resistance to light objects
v= ( 0 m/s +75
2
m/s
) -
with a large surface area.
In the absence of air, he claimed that all objects, regardless
v=37.5 m/s of their weights, fall at the same acceleration.
c. The distance travelled from 5 to 8 s - In 1971, David Randolph Scott confirmed Galileo’s theory
that when dropped together, all objects will reach the
Given: Unknown: Formula: ground at the same time regardless of their weights.
(for the 5s) vi =? ( m/s ) for the 5 s d=¿ 2 CONDITIONS:
t=5s  The object is falling under the influence of gravity alone
vi =0 m/s vi =? ( m/s ) for the 8 s v f =v i +⃗a t  The object is moving either upward or downward only
2 d=?( m) vi =v f −⃗a t HOW OBJECTS FALL WITHOUT AIR RESISTANCE?
a⃗ =5 m/s
 They fall at the same rate of acceleration. Why? No
atmosphere means no air resistance, so surface area and
(for the 8s)
t=8s weight make no difference
 The four equations used for UAM are also the same
vi =0 m/s
equations used for free-fall. Some symbols will just be
a⃗ =5 m/s 2 changed to indicate that we are dealing with free-falling
bodies.
(travelled from 5 FREE FALL-EQUATIONS

( ⃗v 2+⃗v ) t
to 8s) ⃗
v f =⃗
v i +¿ f i
vi =15 m/s y=
v f =40 m/s
v f 2−⃗
⃗ v i2 1 2
a⃗ =5 m/s
2
y= y= ⃗
vi t + g t
2g 2
t=3 s
Solution:
For bodies thrown upward: For bodies thrown
v f = ( 0 m/s ) +(5 m/s 2)(8 s) downward:
v f = ( 0 m/s ) +(40 m/s ) v f =0 m/s vi =0 m/s
v f =40 m/s (at its maximum height)
vi =¿ v f =¿
2
vi =( 40 m/s ) +(5 m/s )(5 s) y = (+) y = (-)
2 2
a⃗ =g=9.8 m/s ; a⃗ =g=9.8 m/s ;
downward downward
v f =√ 2(−9.8 m/ s )(−8 m)+(0 m/s)
√⃗ 2 2
Or Or
−9.8 m/s
2
−9.8 m/s 0
2 ¿ √ 2(78.4 m 2 / s 2)
¿ √ 156.8 m /s
Examples: 2 2
1. A football game customarily begins with a coin toss to
determine who kicks off. The referee tosses the coin up with √⃗v f =12.52 m/ s
an initial speed of 8 m/s.
a. In the absence of air resistance, how high does the coin b. How long is it in air?
go above its point of release? Given: Unknown: Formula:
Given: Unknown: Formula: vi =0 m/s t=? 1
y= v⃗i t + g t 2
vi =8 m/s y=? v f 2−⃗
⃗ v i2 y=−8 m 2
y=
v f =0 m/s
g=−9.8 m/s
2
2g g=−9.8 m/s 2
(
2 y =⃗
1 2
v i t+ g t 2
2 )
Solution: 2
2 2
2 y=g t
(0 m/s) −(8 m/s) 2 y gt
2
y= =
2(−9.8 m/s 2) g g

√
2 2
−64 m / s 2y
¿ =√ t
2

−19.6 m/s2 g

√
y=3.27 m 2y
=t
g
Solution:

√
b. What is the total time the coin is in the air before
returning to its release point? 2(−8 m)
t=
Given: Unknown: Formula: −9.8 m/s 2
vi =8 m/s t=? ⃗
v f =⃗v i +¿
v f =0 m/s ⃗
v f −⃗v i=¿ t=1.28 s
g=−9.8 m/s 2 v f −⃗
⃗ vi ¿
= 3. A stone was thrown upward with an initial speed of 3.5 m/s.
g g Compute for:
v f −⃗
⃗ vi a. The maximum height reached by the stone
=t
g Given: Unknown: Formula:
Solution: vi =3.5 m/s y=? ⃗
2
v f −⃗ vi
2

0 m/ s−8 m/s v f =0 m/s y=

t= 2g
−9.8 m/s 2 g=−9.8 m/s 2
−8 m/s Solution:
¿
−9.8 m/s
2
(0 m/s)2−(3.5 m/s)2
y=
¿ 0.82 s x 2 2(−9.8 m/s 2)
t=1.64 s −12.25 m2 / s2
2. From her bedroom window a girl drops her iPhone to the ¿ 2
ground 8 m below. −19.6 m/s
a. What is the final velocity of the iPhone just before it hits y=0.63 m
the ground?
Given: Unknown: Formula: b. The time taken to reach the maximum height
vi =0 m/s ⃗
v f =? ⃗
2
v f −⃗vi
2
Given: Unknown: Formula:
y=−8 m y= vi =3.5 m/s t=? ⃗
v f =⃗
v i +¿
2g
2
v f =0 m/s ⃗
v f −⃗v i=¿
( )
g=−9.8 m/s ⃗
v f −⃗2
v i2
2 g y= 2g g=−9.8 m/s 2 v f −⃗
⃗ vi ¿
2g =
2 2 g g
2 g y =⃗ v f −⃗ vi v f −⃗
⃗ vi
2 g y +⃗v i2=⃗ vf 2 =t
g
√ 2 g y + ⃗v i2=√ ⃗v f 2 Solution:
0 m/s−3.5 m/ s
√ 2 g y + ⃗v =√ ⃗v
i
2
f t=
Solution: −9.8 m/s 2
−3.5 m/s
¿
−9.8 m/s 2
t=0.36 s
4. A ball that was tossed upward into the air has a hang-time of
6.20s. Determine the height to which the ball rises as it
reaches its peak.
Given: Unknown: Formula:

( ⃗v 2+⃗v ) t
6.20 m/ s y=?
t= y=
f i
2 vi =?
t =3.1 s ⃗
v f =⃗
v i +¿
v f =0 m/s
2
⃗
v f −¿=⃗ vi
g=−9.8 m/s
Solution:
2
⃗
vi =0 m/s−(−9.8 m/s )(3.1 s)
⃗
vi =30.38 m/s

y= ( 0 m/s+ 30.38
2
m/ s
)(3.1 s)
¿( )(3.1 s)
30.38 m/s
2
¿ ( 15.19 m/s )(3.1 s)
y=47.09 m
5. Suppose a ball is thrown downward with an initial velocity
of 3m/s, instead of being dropped. What would be its
position after 2s?
Given: Unknown: Formula:
t=2 s y=? 1 2
y= ⃗
vi t + g t
vi =−3 m/s 2
2
g=−9.8 m/s
Solution:
1 2 2
y=(−3 m/s)( 2 s)+ (−9.8 m/ s )(2 s)
2
1
¿(−6 m)+ (−9.8 m/s 2)(4 s 2)
2
1
¿ (−6 m ) + (−39.2 m)
2
¿ (−6 m ) +(−19.6 m)
y=−25.6 m
Negative direction Positive direction
Acceleration = (+) = Acceleration = (+) =
decelerating accelerating
Acceleration = (-) = Acceleration = (-) =
accelerating decelerating
The body “accelerates” when velocity and acceleration have
the same direction.
The body “decelerates” when velocity’s direction is opposite
of the acceleration’s direction.

UAM EQUATIONS

( v 2+v ) t
v f =v i +⃗a t f i
d=
2
v f + vi
2
1 2
d= d=v i t+ a⃗t
2 ⃗a 2

UAM Equation a⃗ t vi vf d
#1
#2
#3
#4

FREE-FALL MOTION

( )
⃗
v f =⃗
v i +¿ v f +⃗
⃗ vi
y= t
2
⃗ 2
v f −⃗
vi 2
1 2
y= y= ⃗
vi t + g t
2g 2

For bodies thrown upward: For bodies thrown

downward:
v f =0 m/s vi =0 m/s
(at its maximum height)
vi =¿ v f =¿
y = (+) y = (-)
a⃗ =g=9.8 m/s2 ; a⃗ =g=9.8 m/s2 ;
downward downward
Or Or
2 2
−9.8 m/s −9.8 m/s 0