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Atomic Structure Theory

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Dhrumil Sunkaraneni 8H
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9 views

Atomic Structure Theory

Uploaded by

Dhrumil Sunkaraneni 8H
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Atomic

Structure

By Saahas, Nandita, Dakshita, Abhinav, Pranith and


Dhrumil ..
“The release of atomic energy has not created a new
problem. It has merely made more urgent the
necessity of solving an existing one.”

By Albert Einstein
Table of contents
Structure of Atom Democritus
01 Current day model of
atom.
02 Suggested that all
matter was made of
atoms.

John Dalton J.J Thomson


03 Proved that all matter is
made of atoms.
04 Discovered the
Electron.

Ernest Rutherford Bohr & Schrodinger


05 Discovered the
Nucleus and Proton.
06 model
Timeline

Democritus J.J Thomson Niels Bohr


460 BC 1897 1913

John Dalton Ernest Rutherford Erwin Schrodinger


1804 1913 1926
Structure of an atom
➢ Atoms are the smallest possible particle of
matter.There are different types of atoms for
each material.
➢ What is an atom like ?
➢ Atoms are made up of even smaller particles
called sub- atomic particles.
➢ Atoms are made up of three particles Protons,
Electrons and Neutrons.The particles are
arranged in a similar way in all atoms ⚛.
Democritus

➢ Democritus discovered atom in 460 BC.


➢ He was a Greek Philosopher.
➢ He suggested to the world that it was made of
two things – empty space and “Atom”.

➢ “Atomos” – Greek word for uncuttable.


John Dalton
➢ He made the “billiard ball” model in 1804.
➢ He imagined atoms as solid, hard spheres, like
billiard balls. So he used wooden balls to
model them.

➢ He made this conclusions:

➢ All matter is made of atoms.


➢ Atoms of one element are all the same.
➢ Atoms cannot be broken down further into
smaller parts.
➢ Compounds form by combining different
atoms.
J.J Thomson
➢ In 1897 he discovers the electron.

➢ He was the first scientist to show that an atom was made


of even smaller things.

➢ He used the Cathode Ray tube to discover electrons.


J.J Thomson
➢ Adding an electric field makes the beam to move
toward the positive plate.

➢ Thomson concluded that the beam was made of


negative moving particles.
J.J Thomson
Draw backs
➢ He made the plum pudding
➢ Thomson’s model of the atom
model.
was just based on imagination.

➢ It did not have any evidence.

➢ J.J Thomson’s model of the


atom could not explain the
results of alpha particle
scattering experiment done by
Rutherford.
Ernest Rutherford
➢ In 1913, he discovered the nucleus
of a gold atom using the “gold foil“
experiment

➢ Considering J.J Thomson’s plum


pudding model, Rutherford
predicted that the alpha particles
would pass straight through the
gold foil. That did not happen.

Figure 2 Figure 1
Bohr model
➢ The Bohr model or Rutherford–Bohr
model

➢ Presented by Niels Bohr and Ernest


Rutherford in 1913

➢ A system consisting of a small, dense


nucleus surrounded by orbiting

➢ Electrons—similar to the structure of the


Solar System, but with attraction provided
by electrostatic forces in place of gravity.
Schrodinger Model
➢ The Schrodinger equation is a linear partial
differential equation which governs the wave
function of a quantum-mechanical system.

➢ This equation is named after Erwin


Schrödinger, who postulated the equation in
1925, and published it in 1926,

➢ This work resulted in his Nobel Prize in


Physics in the year 1933.
The work of these scientists led to the discovery
of the present day atomic model also known as
the electron cloud.
01 Which of the following has a
positive charge?

01 Proton 02 Neutron

03 Onion 04 Atom
Thank you —----->
Thank you —----->
Rutherford carried out experiments in which a beam
of alpha particles was directed at a thin piece of metal
02 foil. From these experiments he concluded that:

01 The positively charged parts of atoms are extremely


small and extremely heavy particles.

02 Electrons travel in circular orbits around the


nucleus.
Thank you —----->
Thank you —----->
What is a subatomic particle without
03 an electric charge, located in the
nucleus of an atom?

01 Neutron 02 Proton

03 Electron 04 Atom
Thank you —----->
Thank you —----->
04 The Nucleus is made up of

01 Proton 02 Neutron

03 Proton and 04 Electron


Neutron
Thank you —----->
Thank you —----->
Rutherford’s alpha-particle
05 scattering experiment was
responsible for the discovery of

01 Atomic 02 Neuton
nucleus

03 Electron 04 Proton
Thank you —----->
Thank you —----->
The number of what is considered to
06 be the atomic number of the atom.

01 Proton 02 Neutron

03 Electron 04 Nucleus
Thank you —----->
Thank you —----->
THANK YOU

THANK YOU

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