Final Approach Operations Symposium

ICAO Framework and

Approach Classifications

Charlie Eliot
NMD/TRG/TDD
31 January 2017
Agenda

 Conventional Approach Operations

 Evolution of Approaches
 2014 ICAO Approach Classifications
 PBN supporting Approach Operations

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Conventional Approach Operations

En Route Terminal Approach Departure

Missed
Arrival Approach
Point
Initial Intermediate

Initial Intermediate FAF Final

Approach Fix
Fix Non-Precision

MDH

DH

RWY

NPA – Lateral Guidance Only

Radar Vectoring PA – ILS

Final Approach Operations Symposium 3

Evolution of Approach Operations
Lateral Vertical Sensors

VOR/DME/NDB
NPA Conventional
Localizer
Non Precision
Approaches

Conventional ILS/MLS
PA
Precision
Approaches

Final Approach Operations Symposium 4

New ICAO Approach Classification

 Why?
 A proliferation of acronyms associated with new
approach types confused everybody.
 Operational Community especially unhappy with
the term – APV
 It used to be easy:
• Non-Precision Approach
• Precision Approach
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Evolution of Approaches
Lateral Vertical Sensors

VOR/DME/NDB
NPA Conventional
Localizer
Non Precision
Approaches RNP APCH GPS

CDFA

GPS
APV Baro +
APV Baro
Approaches with
GPS
Vertical Guidance APV SBAS +
SBAS

Conventional ILS/MLS
PA
Precision
GPS
Approaches GBAS Approach +
GBAS
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So Today?
 RNP APCH:
• Flown to LNAV minima
 RNP APCH with Baro-VNAV:
• Flown to LNAV/VNAV minima
• Also called APV Baro
 RNP APCH using SBAS augmentation
• Flown to LPV minima
• Called an APV SBAS
• Now SBAS CAT I
 RNP AR (Authorisation Required) APCH:
• Flown to LNAV/VNAV minima but
reduced terrain clearance
 Chart name either RNAV or RNP
Lots of possible
Final Approach Operations Symposium
confusion! 7
ICAO Standards Impacted by Approach
Classification Change

Annex 14 PANS-OPS Vol. II

Instrument Approach Instrument Approach
Runways Procedures

Annex 10 Annex 6
Instrument Approach Instrument Approach
System Performance Operations

Final Approach Operations Symposium 8

ICAO Approach Classifications
MDA/H, DA/H >=250ft 200ft 100ft <100ft
RVR >=600m >=550m >=300m <300m
Type A Type B
CAT I CAT II CAT III
Air Operations
2D 3D
MDA/H DA/H
NPA
Instrument
Approach APV
Procedure Design
PA
Non Instrument RWY
NPA RWY
Aerodromes PA RWY CAT I (DA/H)

PA RWY CAT II (DA/H)

PA RWY CAT III

VDF, NDB, VOR/DME, SRA,
LOC, GPS
Navigation
Systems GNSS/Baro/SBAS
ILS, MLS, SBAS Cat I, GBAS

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Approach Classifications - 2014
ICAO Approach
Classifications

Type A Type B

Lateral & Lateral and

Lateral and Vertical Guidance
Vertical Guidance only

Final Approach Operations Symposium 10

Approach Classifications - 2014

ICAO Approach Classifications

Type A Type B

Lateral (2D) Lateral and Vertical (3D) Lateral and Vertical (3D)

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Annex 6 Instrument Approach Operations

ICAO Approach Classifications

Type A Type B

Lateral (2D) Lateral and Vertical (3D) Lateral and Vertical (3D)

NPA APV or PA* PA

(Non Precision (Approaches with (Precision
Approaches) Vertical Guidance) Approaches)

* Precision Approach (PA) can support Type A operations and there may be circumstances,
such as obstacle clearance or aircraft category which does not allow a minima below 250 ft.
In subsequent tree diagrams PA will not be shown in this box to avoid confusion.

Final Approach Operations Symposium 12

PBN Applications supporting approach operations
ICAO Approach Classifications

Type A Type B

Lateral (2D) Lateral and Vertical (3D) Lateral and Vertical (3D)

NPA APV PA
(Non Precision (Approaches with (Precision
Approaches) Vertical Guidance) Approaches)

Conventional Conventional
RNP APCH RNP APCH RNP AR APCH SBAS CAT I GLS
Procedure Procedure

PBN

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Approach Guidance
ICAO Approach Classifications

Type A Type B

Lateral (2D) Lateral and Vertical (3D) Lateral and Vertical (3D)

NPA APV PA
(Non Precision (Approaches with (Precision
Approaches) Vertical Guidance) Approaches)

Conventional Conventional
RNP APCH RNP APCH RNP AR APCH SBAS CAT I GLS
Procedure Procedure

VOR/DME GPS GPS (ABAS) GPS (ABAS)

ILS GLS
NDB (either ABAS & Barometric GPS & SBAS & Barometric GPS & SBAS
MLS SCAT 1
LOC or SBAS) Altimetry Altimetry

xLS

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Points of Decision
ICAO Approach Classifications

Type A Type B

Lateral (2D) Lateral and Vertical (3D) Lateral and Vertical (3D)

NPA APV PA
(Non Precision (Approaches with (Precision
Approaches) Vertical Guidance) Approaches)

Conventional Conventional
RNP APCH RNP APCH RNP AR APCH SBAS CAT I GLS
Procedure Procedure

VOR/DME GPS GPS (ABAS) GPS (ABAS)

ILS GLS
NDB (either ABAS & Barometric GPS & SBAS & Barometric GPS & SBAS
MLS SCAT 1
LOC or SBAS) Altimetry Altimetry

LNAV LP LNAV/VNAV LPV RNP CAT I GLS

MDA/MDH LPV
Minimum Minimum Minimum Minimum Minimum CAT II/III CAT II/III

MAPt (Pilot derived DA/H) Published DA/H

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ICAO Approach Classifications

ICAO Approach Classification

Domain Document Relationship
Type A Type B
Classification CAT I CAT II
(based minima) CAT III
(250' or higher) (less than 250' (less than 200'
Approach (less than 100')
Annex 6 & 200' or higher) & 100' or higher)
Operations
Method 2D 3D

Minima MDA/H DA/H*

M(DA/H) >= VMC Non Instrument RWY

M(DA/H) >= 250'

Non Precision Approach RWY
Visibility >= 1000m

Approach DA/H >= 200'

Precision Approach RWY, Category I
Annex 14 RVR >= 550m
Runways
DA/H >= 100'
Precision Approach RWY, Category II
RVR >= 300m
DA/H >= 0'
Precision Approach RWY, Category III (A, B & C)
RVR >= 0m

NDB, Lctr, LOC, VOR, Azimuth,

NPA
Annex 10 GNSS
System
Performance
Procedures
PANS-OPS Vol. II APV GNSS/Baro/SBAS

PA ILS, MLS, SBAS Cat I, GBAS

* NPA procedures require a derived DA/H
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