SHS

STEM

General Chemistry 2
Quarter 2- Week 1 (Module 1)
Kinetic Molecular Model

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General Chemistry 2 (SHS-STEM)
Quarter 2 – Week 1 (Module 1): Kinetic Molecular Model

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Regional Director: Gilbert T. Sadsad

Asst. Regional Director: Jessie L. Amin

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Kent Lexinn Ian M. Cantal

Zendle Ann O. Barrameda

Editors/Reviewers: Agnes B. Barsaga

Arlen B. Bertiz
Ronaldo C. Reyes
Noel V. Ibis

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MOST ESSENTIAL
LEARNING COMPETENCY

Use kinetic molecular model to explain

properties of liquids and solids

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

At the end of the module, you will be able to:

1. State what kinetic molecular theory is;

2. Enumerate the postulates of KMT; and,

3. Explain the properties of solids and liquids using kinetic

molecular model.

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Let’s Begin Here

This Self-Directed Module in General Chemistry 2 is designed to use kinetic

molecular model in explaining the properties of liquids and solids.

After completing the activities in this material, you should be able to state the

kinetic molecular theory, enumerate its postulates and explain the properties of

liquids and solids using the kinetic molecular model.

Good luck and have an awesome journey as you go through the different

activities in this module!

GIVE THIS A TRY

Draw a star ( ) if the statement is correct and a triangle ( ) if the statement is

incorrect.
_____ 1. Liquid particles are constantly moving.
_____ 2. Solid particles vibrate at a certain frequency.
_____ 3. Matter is made of particles that are constantly in motion.
_____ 4. Liquids have definite volume and shape.
_____ 5. Solid particles move.

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Let Us
Start!

Learning Activities
A. Engage

Re-arrange the following words to form the definition of kinetic molecular

theory:

behavior model explain the of matter used to

B. Explore

I – Fill in the blanks: Try to fill out the missing words on the sentences below

about the postulates of Kinetic Molecular Theory. You can choose you answer

from the box below.

1. Matter is made of ____________ that are constantly in motion. This

energy in __________ is called ________________.

2. The amount of ________ energy in a substance is related to its

___________.

3. There is space between __________. The amount of space in between

particles is related to the substance’s _____ of matter.

4. Phase changes happen when the __________ of the substance changes

sufficiently.

temperature particles kinetic energy particles

state
motion temperature potential energy kinetic energy
solar

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II – Comparing the illustration of solid and liquid particles.

Guide question:

• Based on the activity on Part I of explore, how can you compare the

properties of the two materials above?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Remember This

Let us now discuss you answers on the activity above.

1. Matter is made of particles that are constantly in motion. This is energy in

motion.

- This is true in both solids and liquids. Even the solid particles move, but

not very far.

2. The amount of kinetic energy in a substance is related to its temperature.

- In your Grade 10 lessons about gas laws, you learned how

temperature and kinetic energy are related to each other; they are

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directly related. If the temperature is high, it means that kinetic energy

is also high.

- In the case of solids and liquids, liquid particles have more kinetic

energy since they can freely flow.

3. There is space between particles. The amount of space in between

particles is related to the substance’s state of matter.

- Again, this is true for both solids and liquids. Even solid particles have

spaces between but only very limited as compared to gases.

4. Phase changes happen when the temperature of the substance changes

sufficiently.

- What happens when ice is exposed in a hot environment? Or even

when you just place it on a table? It melts right? Why do you think so?

Can you write your answer below?

________________________________________________________________

Let Us Process
Your Discoveries

Read the lesson summary below and try to answer the following questions: (pictures

maybe inserted for every concept mentioned)

• Liquids and solids are quite a different story compared to gases. The principal

difference between the condensed states (liquids and solids) and the gaseous

state is the distance between molecules.

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• In a liquid, the molecules are so close together that there is very little empty

space. If you can still recall your lesson in junior high school, liquids are much

more difficult to compress than gases, and they are also much denser under

normal conditions. Molecules in a liquid are held together by one or more

types of attractive forces, which will be discussed in the next modules.

• A liquid also has a definite volume, because molecules in a liquid do not break

away from the attractive forces. The molecules can, however, move past one

another freely, and so a liquid can flow, can be poured, and assumes the

shape of its container.

• In a solid, molecules are held rigidly in position with virtually no freedom of

motion. Many solids are characterized by long-range order; that is, the

molecules are arranged in regular configurations in three dimensions. There is

even less empty space in a solid than in a liquid. Thus, solids are almost

incompressible and possess definite shape and volume.

One of these images is of pyrite crystals in their naturally occurring cubic

form; the other is the structure of phosphorus trioxide (colorless crystal used as
dehydrating agent) on molecular scale. What properties of solids do you notice?

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EXTEND

One is a photo of water in a swimming pool; the other is of liquid water on the
molecular level. What properties are evident in these two pictures?

Let’s Check
What You’ve Learned

1. Which of the following best defines Kinetic Molecular Theory?

a. It is used to justify the gas laws

b. It is a model used to explain why ice melts

c. It is a model used to explain the behavior of matter

d. It is a hypothesis that compared the three states of matter

2. Can you enumerate at least 2 postulates in the Kinetic Molecular Theory?

______________________________________________________________

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3. Find any material that you see in your house to complete the table below:

Description of Picture of
Substance State of Matter
Molecular Motion Molecular Motion

Your Vocabulary List

• Density is a measure of mass per unit of volume.

• Molecule is a group of two or more atoms.
• Phosphorus trioxide is a volatile crystalline compound that appears as white
crystalline solid.
• Pyrite is a brass-yellow mineral with a bright metallic luster. It has a chemical
composition of Iron Sulfide (FeS2) and is the most common sulfide mineral.
.

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Your Post Test

A. Directions: Read all the items carefully and encircle the letter

corresponding to your correct answer.

1. Kinetic Molecular Theory is used to explain the ______________ of

________.

a. behavior, particles

b. behavior, matter

c. speed, particles

d. speed, matter

2. Juan observed the ice as it melts on the table. He wondered what happened

to the movement of the particles present on the ice. Which of the following

concepts can help Juan?

a. The movement of the particles become slower as phase change happens.

b. The movement of the particles become slower because there are spaces

between particles.

c. The movement of the particles become faster because the temperature of

the ice changes sufficiently as phase change happens.

d. The movement of the particles become faster because the particles in ice

is faster than the particles in water.

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3. Based on the KMT, what happens to the kinetic energy of the particles as

temperature increases?

a. KE increases

b. KE decreases

c. KE remains the same

d. KE is constant

4. Which of the following is TRUE about the properties of solids?

a. Molecules are not held rigidly in position.

b. Many solids are characterized by long-range order; that is, the molecules

are arranged in regular configurations in three dimensions.

c. There is even less empty space in a liquid than in a solid.

d. Solids are almost incompressible and possess definite shape and volume

5. Which of the following is NOT true about the properties of liquids?

a. Liquids are incompressible

b. The molecules in liquid can move past one another freely

c. Liquid can flow, can be poured, and assumes the shape of its container

d. In a liquid, the molecules are so close together that there is very little

empty space.

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B. Complete the table below.

Description of Picture of
Substance State of Matter
Molecular Motion Molecular Motion

Mineral Water

Stone

Your Assignment:
1. Enumerate at least two substances in your house and identify its state.

2. Explain their properties using the Kinetic Molecular Theory. You may use the

postulates that were stated in our discussion.

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References

A. Books:

o Chang, R. (2008). General Chemistry. New York. The Mc-Graw Hill

Companies, Inc.

o Religioso, T. (2008). You and the Natural World of Chemistry. Quezon

City. Phoenix Publishing House, Inc

B. Guides:

o Prototype and Contextualized Daily Lesson Plans in Science 5

Developed by SDO Albay, 2019

C. Websites:

Accessed last June 22, 2020

o https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

o https://geology.com

o https://study.com

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Answer Key

Pre-test:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Evaluate:
1. C
2. Postulates of KMT:
- Matter is made of particles that are constantly in motion. This energy in motion.
- The amount of kinetic energy in a substance is related to its temperature.
- There is space between particles. The amount of space in between particles is
related to the substance’s state of matter.
- Phase changes happen when the temperature of the substance changes
sufficiently.
Post Test
A.
1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. A
B.
State of Picture of
Substance Description of Molecular Motion
Matter Molecular Motion
Mineral LIQUID Has a definite volume, because
Water
molecules in a liquid do not break

away from the attractive forces. The

molecules can, however, move past

one another freely, and so a liquid

can flow, can be poured, and

assumes the shape of its container.

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Stone SOLID Molecules are held rigidly in position

with virtually no freedom of motion.

Many solids are characterized by

long-range order; that is, the

molecules are arranged in regular

configurations in three dimensions.

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