SHS

General Chemistry 2
Activity Sheet
Quarter 3 – MELC 20-22
Week 8
Collision Theory

REGION VI-WESTERN VISAYAS

General Chemistry 2
Activity Sheet No. 17 - Collision Theory
First Edition, 2021

Published in the Philippines

By the Department of Education
Region 6 – Western Visayas

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Development Team of Chemistry 2 Activity Sheet

Writer: Martin John M. Salanatin Regional Management Team:
Editor: Anita S. Gubalane EdD, Dr. Ramir B. Uytico, CESO V
Language Editor: Rodel A. Española Pedro T. Escobarte, Jr. PhD, CESO V
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Anita S. Gubalane EdD Anita S. Gubalane, EdD,
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Phoenix Allanah Zandria S. Tordesillas
Marian Rose B. Sarmiento Daisy L. Lopez,

Joseph M. Pagalaran

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Introductory Message

Welcome to General Chemistry 2!

The Learning Activity Sheet is a product of the collaborative efforts of

the Schools Division of Antique and DepEd Regional Office VI - Western
Visayas through the Curriculum and Learning Management Division (CLMD).
This is developed to guide the learning facilitators (teachers, parents and
responsible adults) in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to
12 Basic Education Curriculum.

The Learning Activity Sheet is self-directed instructional materials

aimed to guide the learners in accomplishing activities at their own pace and
time using the contextualized resources in the community. This will also
assist the learners in acquiring the lifelong learning skills, knowledge and
attitudes for productivity and employment.

For learning facilitator:

The General Chemistry 2 Activity Sheet will help you facilitate the
leaching-learning activities specified in each Most Essential Learning
Competency (MELC) with minimal or no face-to-face encounter between you
and learner. This will be made available to the learners with the
references/links to ease the independent learning.

For the learner:

The General Chemistry 2 Activity Sheet is developed to help you

continue learning even if you are not in school. This learning material provides
you with meaningful and engaging activities for independent learning. Being
an active learner, carefully read and understand the instructions then
perform the activities and answer the assessments. This will be returned to
your facilitator on the agreed schedule.
Name of Learner: ________________________________________________________
Grade and Section:_____________________________ Date: ___________________

GENERAL CHEMISTRY 2 ACTIVITY SHEET No. 12

Collision Theory

I. Learning Competency with Code

• Explain reactions qualitatively in terms of molecular collisions.

STEM_GC11CKIIIi-j-136

• Explain activation energy and how the catalyst affects the

reaction rate. STEM_GC11CKIIIi-j-137

• Cite and differentiate types of catalysts. STEM_GC11CKIIIi-j-138

II. Background Information for Learners

In your previous science lesson, you learned about the properties

of solids, liquids and gases. You also learned about the forces of attraction
that binds molecules of matter together and are in constant random
motion. But do you know how fast these molecules move? What are the
conditions responsible for their movement? What would likely to happen
when molecules bump each other?
In this learning activity, you will be able to gain understanding by
explaining qualitatively the reactions of molecules in terms of molecular
collisions, its activation energy, the types of catalyst and how the catalyst
affects the reaction rate of molecules.

III. Accompanying DepEd Textbook and Educational sites

Science and Technology III, Chemistry Textbook

IV. Activity Proper

Activity 1: The “9-Ball Pool”

Directions: Read and analyze the situation below. Refer to movement of

billiard balls in pictures A and B, and answer the questions that follow.
Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
Picture A
Suppose you are playing billiards
with your friends. It is your turn now and
initially you wanted ball number 26 to
travel right while ball number 8 is
stationary. During the collision, number 26 Picture B
ball exerts a force on number 8 ball that
gets moving. But, the number 8 ball also
exerts a force on the number 26 ball that
slows it down.

Source:
https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/photo/
moving-billiard-balls-after-being-hit-by-cue-
ball-royalty-free-image/596418373

Questions:
1. What might happen to ball number 26 and ball number 8?
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Like the billiard balls, collisions may occur between two molecules
in chemical reaction at any given time. However not all collisions may result
in a chemical reaction. Reactions can only occur when two conditions are
met, this is the collision between two molecules.
In a simple chemical reaction similar to combustion or burning, two
conditions for spontaneity happened. First, the reaction results in greater
disorder in the system. Second, the energy of the system decreases. Thus,
paper, alcohol, gasoline, or any combustible material does not just burn at
any instance. Do you know why? First, the colliding molecules must have
the sufficient energy to reach an activated state and second, the molecules
must be properly oriented with respect to each other on collision.
Take a look at Figure 1.1 and Figulre 1.2 below.

Figure 1.1 Condtions for a successful reaction Figure 1.2 Energy changes with progress of
reaction
As shown in the above figures, at any given temperature, the
particles in a system possess a definite amount of energy corresponding to
the average energy of all particles present. The energy of most particles is
near the average value. Some particles have higher energy than the average
energy; others have lower than the average energy. The average energy of
reactant particles is shown in Figure 1.1 is at a.
Evidence shows that for a reaction to occur, the reactant
molecules must have a minimum energy. The minimum energy required to
start a reaction is called Activation Energy, Ea (see Figure 1.1). It is
sufficient to bring the molecules to an activated state (look at b, in Figure
1.1). For some reactions, activation energy is high, while the other is low. If
the energy possessed by the molecules is quite low, then the activation
energy can be supplied by heat, light, or electricity.
Particles in the activated state are unstable. Soon, weak bonds
break and new bonds formed. As new bonds formed, energy is lost. Thus,
the energy of the particles after the reaction at c is lower than the energy at
b, the activated state.
The final energy state, c, of the products may be either lower or
higher than the initial enegy state, a, of the reactants. In an exothermic
reaction, the final energy (Hf) of the products at c is less than the initial
energy (Hi) of the reactants at a. The difference corresponds to the heat of
reaction, ΔH. In an endothermic reaction, the final energy of the products is
higher than the initial energy reactants at a since energy is absorbed during
reaction.
You may also watch the video about Collision theory using the link
below:
https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-youtube-
converted/1iAxhc6EflI.mp4/1iAxhc6EflI.mp4#t=0
2. Using your ideas about the video you’ve watched and readings about
collision theory, explain why a reaction require an activation energy?
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3. How does activation energy of reaction affect the rate of the chemical
reaction?
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_____________________________________________________________________

4. Why does increasing reaction temperature by 10 degrees Celsius can

double the rate of chemical reaction?
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Activity 2. Elephant’ Toothpaste
Directions: Prepare the materials, perform the activity and answer the
questions that follow. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
Reminder: Guidance of adult is required in performing the activity at home.
1. Prepare an empty bottle of mineral water (350 ml capacity) and place it in
a clean basin.
2. Remove the cap of an empty bottle of mineral water and pour ½ cup of
hydrogen peroxide (3% with 10 volumes).
3. Add one table spoon of dish washing liquid and 10 drops of food coloring
4. Prepare a glass with 3 table spoons of yeast and add hot water enough to
mix the yeast.
5. Pour the mixture of yeast to the mineral bottle with mixture of hydrogen
peroxide, dish washing liquid and food color.
4. Observe what happen by taking the time of reaction to occur.
5. What happened when yeast was added to hydrogen peroxide?
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6. What was the role played by yeast in the chemical reaction?
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The chemical reaction that takes place in the mixture was hasten
when yeast was added into the mixture. Yeast is an example of a catalyst. A
catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of reaction without itself
undergoing a permanent chemical change. In cases where some reactions
occur at a very slow rate, it can be speed up by adding catalyst into the
chemical reaction.
A catalyst works by providing an alternative reaction pathway to
catalyzed one. With lower activation energy, it will increase the rate of
reaction. A catalyzed reaction is faster than the uncatalyzed one. Unlike
reactants, a catalyst is not consumed during the reaction process. The
process of speeding up a reaction by using a catalyst is known as catalysis.
Catalysts are commonly used in the manufacture of paper, plastic, sulfuric
acid, cracking of pertoluem, oxidation of hydrocarbons in automobiles and
many more. Hence, catalysis is the backbone of many industrial processes.
Even the human body runs on catalysts. Many proteins in your
body are actually made of catalysts called enzymes, which does everything
from creating signals that move your limbs to helping digest your food. They
are truly a fundamental part of life.
You may also watch the video about activation reaction, collision
and catalyst using the link below:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fEXq_RvnYgI
7. Explain how a catalyst speed up the rate of chemical reaction?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
8. It is a practice that adding a small amount of “paint thinner” to paint
increases the rate of paint drying. Is it reasonable to think that this paint
thinner is a catalyst? Explain.
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_____________________________________________________________________

Task:
Directions: Watch the video about the types of catalyst using this link and
fill out the table with necessary information.

https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-chemistry-
beta/x2eef969c74e0d802:kinetics/x2eef969c74e0d802:catalysis/v/types-of-
catalysts

Types Homogenoues Heterogeneous Enzymatic or

catalyst catalyst Biocatalyst
Example

Phases

Activity

Concentration

Active Sites

Temperature
Product separation

Catalyst Modification

From your responses on the above table, it shows that catalysts

and their associated catalytic reactions come in three main types:
homogeneous catalysts, heterogeneous catalysts and biocatalysts (usually
called enzymes). Other less common equally types of catalyst activities
include photocatalysis, environmental catalysis and green catalytic
processes. However, you will focus mainly on these three main types of
catalyst:
Homogeneous catalysts
▪ exist in the same phase (gas or liquid) as the reactants.
▪ mixes into the reaction mixture, allowing a very high collisions or
interaction between catalyst and reactant molecules
▪ often irretrievable after the reaction has been completed
▪ Both catalyst and reactants show high homogeneity which results in
high interaction between them that leads to high reactivity and
selectivity of the reaction under mild reaction conditions.
Heterogeneous catalysts
▪ are not in the same phase as the reactants
▪ involves the use of solid catalysts placed in a liquid reaction mixture.
▪ reacting mixture and catalyst are of different phase.
▪ surface area increases with decreasing particle size but the smaller
particles tend to aggregate and result in the deactivation of the catalyst
▪ metal oxides or supported metals exhibit less selectivity and reactivity.
▪ easy separation of product and recovery of catalyst.
Enzymatic Catalyst
▪ a biological catalyst that speeds up a chemical reaction without
altering its equilibrium.
▪ enzymes are proteins functioning as catalysts that increase the
reaction rate by lowering the amount of activation energy.
▪ essential for making biochemical reactions proceed at proper speed in
physiological conditions.
▪ they speed up the reactions in the cells so that they may occur in split
of seconds.
▪ the absence of catalysts most cellular reactions would not occur even
over time in span of years.
▪ Enzymes are present in food that is why in food preservation it should
control the rate at which food deteriorates and decompose. This can
be done by subjecting food to lower temperature to prevent the action
of catalytic enzymes, bacteria and other organisms of decay.

8. Some common products that require use of catalyst are ammonia,

polyester, margarine, and gasoline. What type of catalyst best suit this
production? Support your answer using the different types of catalyst.

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V. Reflection

The Chemistry of Fire Control

Fighting out fires requires the application of a number of chemistry

principles that you have studied. In most cases, water is used to extinguish
fires. Every gram of water vaporized to steam absorbs 2259.4 joules (540
calories) of heat from the burning substance. This has a considerable
contact of the burning material with air. However, water cannot be used to
extinguish fires caused by oil, kerosene, gasoline and other fuels that float
on water.

Explain why water cannot be used to put out oil fires?

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VI. Answer Key

VII. Links and/or Other References

https://byjus.com/chemistry/collision-theory/
https://lhs.sau88.net/ourpages/auto/2018/1/16/57190087/Unit%20
6_Kinetics%20Part%202.pdf