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ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING SOLUTONS

By Engr. Jeric M. Matutina, REE
1. A positively charged dielectric has a charge of 2 coulombs. If 12.5 X 1018 free electrons are
added to it, what will be the net charge on the said dielectric?
Solution:
Q1= 2c
1c
Q2= -12.5 x 1018e x 6.25 𝑥 1018 𝑒
Q2= -2c
QT= Q1 + Q2 = 2 + (-2) = 0

2. Two electrons in a vacuum experience a force of 2 x 10−15 N. How far apart are the electrons?

Solution:

𝑘𝑄1 𝑄2 𝑁𝑚2
F= ; 𝑘 = 9 𝑥 109
𝑟2 𝑐2

1𝑐
Q1 = Q2 = 1e x = 1.6 𝑥1019
6.25 𝑥 1018 𝑒

𝑘𝑄1 𝑄2 9 𝑥 109 (1.6 𝑥 1019 )2

r= √ =√
𝐹 2 𝑥 10−15
r= 3.39411255 x 𝟏𝟎 −𝟕
m

3. A battery can deliver 1O joules of energy to move 5 coulombs of charge. What is the potential
difference between the terminals of the battery?

Solution:

𝑊 𝑊
QV = W ; Q = ; V =𝑄
𝑉
10𝐽
V= = 𝟐𝑽
5𝐶

4. A cloud of 2.5 x 1019 electrons move past a given point every 2 seconds. How much is the
intensity of the electron Flow?
Solution:

𝑄
Q = tI ; I = 𝑡

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1𝑐
2.5 𝑥 1019 𝑒 𝑥
6.25 𝑥 1018𝑒
I= 2
4
I =2 = 2A

5. The current in an electric lamp is 5 Amperes. What quantity of electricity flows towards the
filament in 6 minutes?

Solution:

60 𝑠
Q = tI ; t= 6 min x = 360 𝑠
1 𝑚𝑖𝑛
Q = (360) (5) = 1800 c

6. A device produces 37.5 Joules per cycle. There is one power stroke per cycle. Calculate the
power output if the device is run at 45 rpm.

Solution:

𝐽 𝑐 45𝑐 1 𝑚𝑖𝑛
37.5 x x x
𝐶 1 𝑚𝑖𝑛 60 𝑠

𝑱
28.125 𝒔 or watts

7. Calculate the resistance of 100m length of wire having a uniform cross-sectional area of 0.1mm2
if the wire is made of manganin having a resistivity of 50x10-8 Ωm.

Solution:

𝜌𝐿
R= ; ρ = 50 x 10−8 Ω𝑚
𝐴
L = 100 m
1𝑚 2
A = 0.1 mm2 x (1000 𝑚𝑚)
50 𝑥 10−8 (100)
R= 1 2
0.1 ( )
1000
R = 500 Ω

8. Determine the resistance of a bus bar made of copper if the length is 10 meters long and the
cross section is 4 x 4 sq. cm. Use 1.7241 μΩ· cm as the resistivity.

Solution:

L = 10 meters ; ρ = 1.7241µΩ ∙ cm
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4 cm

10 m

𝜌𝐿 (1.7241 𝑥 10−6 )(10)(100)

R= =
𝐴 16 𝑐𝑚2

R = 1.0775625 X 𝟏𝟎−𝟒 Ω

CHALLENGE QUESTIONS
o Nichrome ribbon resistor element each has a resistance of 1 ohm. The element is made from
sheet of nichrome alloy , 0.025 cm. thick. If the width of the ribbon is 0.3cm, what length is
requires per element? Assume specific resistance of nichrome alloy to be 109μΩ·cm.

Solution:

0.025 cm

R = 1 Ω ; ρ = 109 μΩ·cm
𝜌𝐿 𝑅𝐴 1 (0.3)(0.025)
R= ;L= =
𝐴 𝜌 109μΩ·cm

L = 68.80733945 cm

o A coil has 6000 turns of wire and a resistance of 380 ohms. The coil is rewound with the same
quantity (weight) of wire but has 13400 turns. How many ohms will the new coil have?
Solution:

TT = 6000 Turns ; R = 380 Ω

T2 = 13400 Turns ; R2 = ?
BY CLAY METHOD: Same Volume and Same Weight
𝜌𝐿 𝐿 𝜌𝐿2 𝜌
R= ∙ = (𝑉 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡)
𝐴 𝐿 𝑉

R = kL2 ; but Length Turns

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R= kT2
𝑅1 2 𝑅2 380 𝑅2
K= = ; =
𝑇1 2 𝑇2 2 60002 134002

R2 = 1895.35556 Ω
o A kilometer of wire having a diameter of 11.7 mm and a resistance of 0.031ohm is drawn so
that its diameter is 5 mm. What is the new resistance?

Solution:

R1 = 0.031 Ω
11.7 mm

1 km

5 mm R2 = ?
L
𝜌𝐿 𝐴 𝜌𝑉
R= ∙ = (ρV ; k=constant)
𝐴 𝐴 𝐴2
𝑘
R= ; k = RA2 ; but Area Square of diameter
𝐴2

k = R (d2)2 = Rd4 ; R1d14 ; R2d24

0.031 (11.7)4 = R2 (5)4
R2 = 0.9294480562 Ω

9. The resistance of a copper wire at 30˚C is 50 ohms. If the temperature coefficient of copper at
0˚C is o.oo4, What is the resistance at 100˚C?

Solution:

𝑅1 𝑇+ 𝑡1 1
= ; = 𝑐𝐶𝑜
𝑅2 𝑇+ 𝑡2 𝑇
R30 = 50 Ω , cCo = 0.004
R100 = ?
𝑅30 𝑇 + 30 50 0.004−1 + 30
= ; =
𝑅100 𝑇 + 100 𝑅100 0.004−1 + 100

R100 = 62.5 Ω

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o The resistance of a Wire is 126.48 ohms at 100˚C and 100 ohms at 30˚C. Determine the
temperature coefficient of copper at 0˚C.
Solution:

R100 = 126.48 Ω
R30 = 100 Ω
𝑅100 𝑇+100 𝐶𝐶𝑜 −1 +100
= =
𝑅30 𝑇+30 𝐶𝐶𝑜 −1 +30

126.48 𝐶𝐶𝑜 −1 +100

=
100 𝐶𝐶𝑜 −1 +30

Using “SOLVE” function on calcu

cCo = 0.00427/˚C

10. An electrical insulator can be made a conductor by

Answer: c. Ionizing

11. If a material has low resistance,

Answer: a. It is a good conductor mainly in form of holes

12. Light is converted into electricity

Answer: d. In a photovoltaic cell

13. Suppose that the dc generator produces 10 V, and that the potentiometer is set to a value of
10 Ω. Then what is the current?

Solution:
IR = E ; E = 10V , R = 10Ω
𝐸 10
I= = = 𝟏𝑨
𝑅 10

14. Suppose the potentiometer is set to 100 ohms, and the measured current is 10 mA. What is the
dc voltage?
Solution:
IR = E; R = 100Ω, I = 10mA
E = IR = (10 𝑥 10−3 𝐴)(100)
E=1V

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15. If the voltmeter reads 24 V and the ammeter shows 3.0 A, what is the value of the
potentiometer?

Solution:
𝐸
IR = E; R = 𝐼 , E = 24 V , I = 3 A
24
R= =8Ω
3

16. A nichrome heating coil takes 30A when a voltage of 120V is applied. Determine resistance of
the coil.
Solution:
𝐸
IR = E; R = , E = 120 V , I = 30 A
𝐼
120
R= =4Ω
30

17.

Answer: 33kΩ
18. Answer: 20 Ω
19. A package of resistors is rated at 56 Ω, plus or minus 10 percent. You test them with an ohmmeter.
Which of the following values indicates a reject?
Solution:
R = 56Ω ± 10%
10% of 56 = 56 x 0.1 = 5.6
R = 56 ± 5.6
Range
R1 = 56 + 5.6 = 61.6
R2 = 56 – 5.6 = 50.4
From 50.4 Ω to 61.6 Ω

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REJECT: A

20. Suppose that the voltmeter reads 12 V and the ammeter shows 50 mA. What is the power
dissipated by the potentiometer?

Solution:
VI = P ; V=12 V , I = 50mA
P = (12) (50 x 10-3)= 0.6 W

21. The resistance of 120 meters of wire is 12 ohms. What is its conductance ?

Solution:
1 1
G = 𝑅 = 12 = 0.083 mho

22. A resistor has a value of 680 Ω, and you expect it will have to draw 1 mA maximum continuous
current. What power rating is best for this application?

Solution:
VI = P but V= IR ⃰IR (1) = P

P = I2 R = (1 x 10-3)2 (680)
P= 680 µ watt

23. A current of 25 A is most likely drawn by a ¼ watt

Answer: a. A flashlight bulb

24. A circuit breaker is rated for 15 A at 117 V. This represents approximately how many kilowatts?

Solution:
VI = P; V= 117, I = 15A
P = (117) (15) = 1755 W = 1.755 kW
25. A series circuit containing four resistors 2Ω, 2Ω, 3Ω, and 3Ω. Find the total resistance.
Solution:
RT = R1 + R2 + R3 + R4 = 2 + 2 + 3 + 3

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RT = 10 Ω
26-30. Calculate the total resistance, the total current flowing and the voltage drop across each
resistor with a total applied voltage of E = 220V and the value of each resistor is R1 = 24Ω , R2 =
66Ω and R3 =44 Ω.

Solution:

24 Ω

220 V 66 Ω

44 Ω

RT = 24 + 66 +44 = 134 Ω
IR = E ; ITRT = ET
𝐸𝑇 220
IT = = = 1.6417 A
𝑅𝑇 134

220
E1 = I1R1 = (134) (24) = 𝟑𝟗. 𝟒𝟎𝟐𝟗𝟖𝟓𝟎𝟕 𝑽
220
E2 = I2R2 = (134) (66) = 𝟏𝟎𝟖. 𝟑𝟓𝟖𝟐𝟎𝟗 𝑽
220
E3 = I3R3 = (134) (44) = 𝟕𝟐. 𝟐𝟑𝟖𝟖𝟎𝟓𝟗𝟕 𝑽

31. Three unequal value resistors in parallel of 2Ω, 3Ω, and 4Ω. Find the total resistance.
Solution:
RT-1 = R1-1 + R2-1 +R3-1
12
RT = (2-1 + 3-1 + 4-1)-1 = Ω
13

RT = 0.9230769231 Ω
32-36. In the figure if E = 200V, R1 = 54Ω, R2 = 112Ω, R3 = 164Ω.

200 V
54 Ω 112 Ω 164 Ω

Solution:

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RT = (54-1 + 112-1 + 164-1 )-1

RT = 29.81101226
𝐸𝑇 200
IT = = = 6.708930185 A
𝑅𝑇 29.81101226

𝐸1 200
I1 = = = 3.703703 A
𝑅1 54

𝐸2 200
I2 = = = 1.785714286 A
𝑅2 112

𝐸3 200
I3 = = = 1.219512195 A
𝑅3 164

CHALLENGE QUESTIONS
Find the total resistance between a and b

d e
1Ω 2Ω 3Ω 4Ω b
a c f

Solution:

1Ω cf
a

2Ω 3Ω 4Ω

deb

1 + (2-1 + 3-1 + 4-1 )-1 = Rab

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Rab = = 1.923076923 Ω
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A 5Ω resistance is connected in parallel with a 10Ω resistance. Another set of 8Ω and 6Ω resistances
are also connected in parallel. The two sets are connected in series. What is the equivalent
resistance?

Solution:

5Ω 8Ω

10 Ω 6Ω

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RT = (5-1 + 10-1)-1 + (8-1 + 6-1)-1

𝟏𝟒𝟐
RT = = 6.761904762
𝟐𝟏

A 10Ω and a 20Ω resistance are connected in parallel. Another 5Ω resistance is connected in
series with the two. If the supply voltage is 48 volts, what is the current through the 10Ω resistance?

Solution:
10 Ω
5Ω

20 Ω

48 V

RT = (10-1 + 20-1)-1 +5
35
RT = Ω
5
48 𝑉
IT = 35
Ω
3

144
IT = 𝐴
35
144 144
E5 = IT (5) = 𝑥5= v
35 7
144 192
E10 = 48 – E5 = 48 − = v
7 7
192
𝐸10 96
I10 = = 7
= = 𝟐. 𝟕𝟒𝟐𝟖𝟓𝟕𝟏𝟒𝟑 A
𝑅10 10 35

37. A cell that cannot be recharged.

Answer: c. Primary cell
38. A cell of 1.5 V supplies 100 mA for seven hours and twenty minutes, and then it is replaced. It
has supplied:
Solution:
mAh = I (t)
20
= 100mA (7 + 60) h = 733 mAh

39. The energy in a cell or battery depends mainly on

Answer: d. All of the above (Its physical size, The current drawn from it, Its voltage)

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40. A disadvantage of mercury cells and batteries is that:

Answer: a. They don’t last as long as other types.
41. Suppose you double the voltage in a simple dc circuit, and cut the resistance in half. The current
will become _______.

Solution:
IR=E
𝑅
E2 = 2E R2 = 2
𝐸 𝐸 2𝐸
I2 =𝑅 =𝑅2 = 𝑅 =4 I A
2
2

42. A 20 µF capacitor is charged by a 12-V battery. What is the stored energy in the capacitor?
Solution:
1
W = 2 𝑐𝑣 2
1
W = 2 (20µ𝐹)(12)2

W = 1.44mJ
43. A capacitor is charged with 0.23 watt-second of energy at a voltage of 48 volts. What is its
capacitance?
Solution:
*Note: watt-s =joule
1 2𝑊
W= 2 𝑐𝑣 2 ; c= 𝑉2
2 (0.23)
c= = 199.6527778 x 10-6
482

44. The result of Capacitance C1 = 6 microfarads and C2 connected in series is 3 microfarads. Capacitor
C2, in microfarads is?
Solution:

c1 c2

c1 = 6 µF cT = 3 µF
cT-1 = c1-1 + c2-1
c2-1 = (6-1 + 3-1)-1 = 6
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6 µF
45. Three capacitors of 20, 10 and 15 µF respectively are connected in series a 100 V supply. Find the
Voltage across the 10µF capacitor.

Solution:

20 µF

100 V 15 µF

10 µF

Q = CE CT = (20-1 +15-1 +10-1)-1

60
QT = CT ET CT = µF
13

60 6000
QT = (13) (100) = µC
13

𝑄10 6000 𝟔𝟎𝟎

E10 = = ÷ 10 = V
𝐶10 13 𝟏𝟑

46. Three capacitors of 16, 15 and 12µF respectively are connected in series. What is the maximum
voltage that can be supplied to the combination if the voltage drop across any of the three capacitors
must not exceed 100V?
Solution:
*Note: For maximum voltage always start with the lowest capacitance
Q =CE
𝑄
E= Q=CE= (12) (100) = 1200 µC
𝐶
𝑄 1200
ET = 𝐶 𝑇 =
𝑇 (16−1 +15−1 +12−1 )−1

ET = 225 V
47. Three Capacitors A, B and C are charged as follows : A = 10 µF, 100 V ; B = 15 µF, 150 V and C
= 25 µf, 200 V. They are connected in parallel with terminals of like polarity together. What is the
voltage across the combination?

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Solution:
Initial condition (CHARGING)

100 V 10 µf 150 V 15 µf 200 V 25 µf

After charging, note: each has charge.

Q1 = 10 (100)= 1000 µC
QT Q2 = 15 (150)= 2250 µC
Q3= 25 (200)= 5000 µC
10µf 15µf 25µf

Q1 Q2 Q3

QT = Q1 + Q2 + Q3
QT = 8250 µC
CT =(10 +15 +25) = 50 µf
𝑄𝑇 8250
Er = = = 𝟏𝟔𝟓 𝑽
𝐶𝑇 50

48. Two Capacitors with capacitance of 6μF and 4μF are connected in series across a 100V dc
source. If the supply voltage is cut – off and the two capacitors are connected in parallel, what will be
the final charge accumulated in the 4μF capacitor?

Solution:
Initial condition (CHARGING)

6 µf
100 V
4 µf

QT = CTET

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= (6-1 +4-1 )-1 (100)

= 240 µC
After Charging:

QT

4 µf 6 µf
Q1 Q2

Q T = Q 1 + Q2
But Q1 = Q2 =240 µC
QT = 240 + 240 = 480 µC
CT = 4 + 6 = 10 µC

𝑄𝑇 480
ET = = = 48 𝑉
𝐶𝑇 10

Q4 = C4E4= (4)(48) = 192 µC

49. Electrical Safety Month in the Philippines.
Answer: May
50. Fire Prevention Month in the Philippines.
Answer: March

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