PCPT JOSHUA O ABOGA DEC.

5 2020
OAC CL 11-2020

Investigation Management

1. Describe the importance of Investigation in relation to our PNP Mission.

The role of the PNP has a clear mandate which is to "enforce the law,

prevent and control crimes, maintain peace and order, and ensure public safety

& internal security with the active support of the community.

Criminal investigation is very essential in achieving its mission, investigation

refers to the process of collecting information (or evidence) about a crime in

order to: (1) determine if a crime has been committed; (2) identify the perpetrator;

(3) apprehend the perpetrator; and (4) provide evidence to support a conviction

in court. In having good investigation with positive results, we had already served

and protected the community from internal and external threats and we also win

the hearts of the Filipino people.

2. Discuss the relation of Locard’s Exchange Principle in the conduct of crime

In forensic science, Locard's principle holds that the perpetrator of a crime

will bring something into the crime scene and leave with something from it, and

that both can be used as forensic evidence.

Wherever the criminal steps, whatever he touches, whatever he leaves,

even unconsciously, will serve as a silent witness against him. Not only his
fingerprints or his footprints, but his hair, the fibers from his clothes, the glass he

breaks, the tool mark he leaves, the paint he scratches, the blood or semen he

deposits or collects. All of these and more, bear mute witness against him. This

is evidence that does not forget. It is not confused by the excitement of the

moment. It is not absent because human witnesses are. It is factual evidence.

Physical evidence cannot be wrong, it cannot perjure itself, it cannot be wholly

absent. Only human failure to find it, study and understand it, can diminish its

value.

Thorough investigation using Locard’s Exchange Principle will lead to the

identification of the criminal or perpetrator and it will provide physical and other

evidences to support conviction to the court which will aid to crime solutions.

3. What is the importance of Case Review in crime solution and Discuss the
different types of Case Review.

Case reviews attempt to explore why systems fail and what can be done

to minimize failure. Investigative failure, which may be due to investigative errors,

may reflect the unique circumstances of an offense. Case reviews can be seen

as a form of risk management that seeks to apply the principles of systems audit

in order to reduce the likelihood of both recurrent and typical errors. They will

also identify both the positive and negative aspects of an investigation for

incorporation or improvement in future investigations. They will provide a new

standpoint to identify areas where support, guidance and appropriate direction to

investigators will be supplied particularly during difficult situations. PNP

appropriate responses to crime investigation and gradually develop policies and

procedures for investigation based on best practices.

The case review introduces new perspectives to identify and develop

investigative opportunities and practices, allowing investigators to learn lessons

and improve their work individually and collectively so as to increase public

confidence on the effectiveness of police investigation.

The golden hour is the term used for the period immediately after an

offence has been committed, when material is readily available in high volumes

to the police. Positive action in the period immediately after the report of a crime

minimises the amount of material that could be lost to the investigation, and

maximises the chance of securing the material that will be admissible in court.

Thematic Review focuses on a specific issue mainly on forensics, records,

communication, additional affidavits, investigation response etc. This review is

being conducted at any stage of the investigation. Moreover, this review is

relevant when there are significant matter arises which will aid to the

investigation.

Detective review is a review on a sample of their solved cases and

thereby learn from their past successes. Basically, criminals/offenders has the

modus operandi in doing criminal activities, this review seek to some solved

cases to aid the current case.

ongoing investigation and to assist the investigator in identifying investigative

opportunities.

4. Discuss the causes of investigative weaknesses.

 Lack of Knowledge

Knowledge about investigation is the foundation in having crime

solutions. Lack of knowledge in an investigation will lead to the following:

Inaccurate findings, lack of evidences, information will not be timely

acquire, you cannot lead your investigation team, you might also violate

protocols and procedures in investigation that might lead to failure.

 Non-compliance with processes/procedures

Non-compliant behavior with processes or procedures can lead to

health and safety risks, contamination of evidences, It can also be

grounds for termination in some cases, it might also lead to administrative

penalties (neglect of duty). As an investigator, observance of proper

processes or procedures are vital because it is required by law.

 Management Style

Managers are typically tasked with monitoring, evaluating, and

guiding the work of his people. This focus on external goals and activities

does not necessarily encourage introspection; however, it is vital that

managers become examiners of their own behavior and performance, as

strengths, and your limitations can help you become a more effective team

member, and can make it easier to guide the performance of your men as

well.

Wrong choice of management styles will lead to negative outcomes and

will that will be a weakness of an investigation. Basically, it will be a

weakness if a manager doesn’t have good relationship with his team

members.

 Lack of resources

In the 20th century technology advancement is rapidly developing,

there are many tools/technology that can aid investigation. A lack of

resources is the biggest challenge in PNP for the reason that criminals

now a days are using modern technologies. Unit of PNP with lack of

resources will hamper investigations since budget and resources is the

foundation of an organization.