—Varnae[source]Blustering worm. I am Varnae! I watched and snickered as your savage ancestors gnawed their civilization from the bones of the old gods. To one who has survived the death of continents, you are less than an amusement. And perhaps a snack. Is your blood as sweet as that of your sheep, thunder god? Can you not afford me a taste?
Varnae was an ancient sorcerer from Atlantis before the Great Cataclysm, who underwent through a ritual conducted using the Darkhold and was transformed into the first ever vampire.[5] He is the progenitor of the entire vampire race, and therefore their lord.[10]
He lived for many years, influencing history throughout his lifetime, until deciding to pass on his role of Lord of the Vampires to his successor. Choosing Count Dracula as his worthy successor, Varnae manipulated his life which led to him becoming a vampire, and claiming the position of the Vampire Lord from Varnae. Varnae then committed suicide,[6] but returned back to life in the modern era after Doctor Strange decimated the vampire race, and went to work in unyoke his descendants and ascertain vampire dominance.[7]
Following his body's destruction,[8] Varnae went on to possess the half-vampire and vampire hunter Blade, kick-starting the worldwide takeover of vampires that came to be known as the Blood Hunt.[9]
History
Origin[]
Original body.
Varnae was an human[11] or a Giganthopitacus[12][13] sorcerer-king of pre-Cataclysmic Atlantis.[14] Varnae served in the cult of the Darkholders under Thulsa Doom. Injured due to the actions of King Kull of Valusia, a dying Varnae volunteered to be subjected to a ritual as described in the Chthon Scrolls and be transformed into a great evil. He subsequently died, but in his grave Varnae was transformed into a vampire by the Atlantean sorcerers.[5]
One such sorcerer attempted to take control of Varnae, only for the vampire to display his will by slaying him. Varnae proceeded to use his newfound powers to form a vast army of mindless vampires, bringing the rise of the vampire race. He turned on his fellow wizards and garnered a great following of the undead who worshiped him as the their lord.[15][5][16] The Ancient, a group comprised of the first vampires who also lived in Atlantis, were presumably formed by Varnae as part of his army.[17]
However, the vampires were hunted down in Atlantis, forcing Varnae and his followers to flee to an island in the Mediterranean Sea. They turned the island into their new homeland, with Varnae said to have used magic to create the land, air and structures. The island acted as a sanctuary for the vampires, impenetrable to teleporters and could tangle the powers of others.[18]
Varnae established a temple in the land that would become Wakanda where he planned to achieve godhood. Having stolen some vibranium from Ptah's fires, Varnae forged the metal into shackles and a gate to enslave and sacrifice people he captured as part of his ritual. Khonshu was alerted of Varnae's actions when the vampire lord killed one of his worshippers, and allied with the Orisha to take him down. The coalition of African Gods ambushed Varnae's temple, Kokou personally clashing with Varnae, while the other gods freed the vampire's prisoners who would go on to found Wakanda. Varnae was defeated and his temple washed away by Anuket, but he was not killed and continued roaming the Earth.[19]
He allegedly was the last survivor among the vampires created in Atlantis before the Great Cataclysm, and ruled over Earth's vampires.[6] During the Cataclysm, Varnae went into suspended animation inside his sarcophagus after feasting on humans, and in his sleep received visions of the world around him evolving.[16]
Lamia, a vampire presumably of the Ancient[20] and high priestess of Varnae,[21] allegedly slaughtered thousand people in his name.[22] After the Great Cataclysm, Lamia kept faith in Varnae, prophesying he would return, and that she would be among the exalted.[22]
Hyborian Age (10,000 BC)[]
In 10,000 BC, Varnae awoke and using his mental powers took control of the Afterlings to have them free him from the sarcophagus. Receiving a vision of a mercenary belonging to Amalric of Nemedia's group finding a parchment of the Darkhold, Varnae grew concerned as it could hold the spell that could destroy the vampire race. He planned to lure Amalric and his mercenaries to his base the Flaming Mountains of Khrosha to devour most of them. The Afterlings found and abducted Conan, Red Sonja and Zula, who were wandering through the Khrosha caves and were brought to Varnae.
The trio attempted to fight back against Varnae and the Afterlings, to no avail, leaving the Vampire Lord to imprison them in a pit, intending to use them along with Amalric's incoming mercenaries in a blood ritual to turn the Afterlings into full vampires. Luckily, Conan, Sonja and Zula escaped and arrived just in time to save Amalric from the Afterlings. The Afterlings managed to get the Darkhold's parchment, only for Sonja and Zula to steal it. Varnae intervened and attacked Sonja, before turning his attention to Conan who came to her rescue. Zula, protected by Sonja, read the parchment, invoking the names of the deities worshiped in Atlantis, which drove Varnae away while freeing the Afterlings from his control.[23]
Antiquity and Biblical Times[]
In 2000 BC, in the region known as Sumeria; Varnae forced a mystic named Aamshed to create a ritual which would make the vampire lord into a god. However, he could not complete the ritual as it must be done on his homeland and Atlantis had sunk beneath the ocean.[4]
In Babylonia, he was known as Baal.[1] Wanting to take the throne of kingdom of Mesopotamia, Ramsin, the eldest son of King Khalmeziir IV, led an uprising against his father and younger brother Sargon during the Blood Moon in 824 BC. To ensure his victory, Ramsin approached Varnae to gain more power. Varnae agreed to turn him into a vampire, desiring to gain influence over Mesopotamia, and promised to share his dominion with Ramsin once he ascended to godhood. Unfortunately for him, Ramsin, despite his new status as a powerful vampire, was killed by his dying father who had just attained the title of Moon Knight.[24]
Learning of the Crystal Skull which could show the holder the truth about anything, Varnae stalked a group of Wise Men who were in the possession of the artifact and were following the Star of Bethlehem. He eventually sent some vermin to attack the group, but some of them were saved by the Timespirit Cusick. Varnae bit Cusick from behind, commenting that his blood was quite vile, before claiming the Crystal Skull. Flying back to his throne of bones inside a cave, Varnae used the Crystal Skull to see if there was any good left in him, only to see that he was purely evil. Varnae was about to crush the Crystal Skull, but Cusick arrived and stole it back. Transforming into a monstrous bat, Varnae chased Cusick to the atmosphere. Varnae froze, causing him to fall back to Earth and shatter. Believing Varnae to be dead, Cusick went to deliver the Crystal Skull to the newborn Jesus, though Varnae's body parts managed to reattach themselves in the following decades.[12] Varnae revealed he witnessed Jesus Christ during the time he was alive.[6]
At some point, the Tcho-Tcho people knew him as Tsathoggua,[1] and seemingly worshiped him.
Varnae became known as Croatoan to the Native Americans.[1]
1000 AD[]
During the age of Vikings; Varnae traveled to the new world and attacked a Norse colony in North America turning the settlers into Vampires. A young girl escaped and prayed to the gods for help and Thor answered the call and battled the hordes of Vampires and eventually facing the first vampire himself. He was able to drive off Varnae and destroyed the vampire settlers by directing sunlight at them leaving only the young girl alive.[1]
1150 AD[]
Varnae became aware that the Catholic Church had under its possession the Darkhold, and fearing that they could use it to destroy all vampires. He and his vampire army attacked the Vatican, to prevent the spell from being discovered. Priest Paolo Montesi tried to hold the vampire lord at bay, but through trickery Varnae managed to kill the priest.[25]
Unfortunately for Varnae, Paolo's son Giacomo succeeded his father as the Darkhold's curator, and deduced the spell that could destroy the vampires was somewhere in Tibet. Giacomo sent several emissaries to Tibet in the following decades, finally discovering Kamar-Taj, but he was slayed by one of Varnae's agents. Giacomo was succeeded by Marcello who re-established communication with the hidden city, forcing Varnae to personally go to Kamar-Taj. There he trained Kaluu to make him strong enough to conquer Kamar-Taj, but the latter was defeated by the Ancient One.[26]
1459 AD[]
In 1459, tired of his ages-long existence, Varnae chose Dracula as his successor as lord of Earth's vampires. He manipulated the events surrounding Dracula which led to him becoming a powerful and ruthless vampire. By giving him false visions, Varnae led Dracula into being injured and captured by the Ottoman Empire. Varnae's minion Lianda then secretly turned Dracula into a vampire when the Turks tried to have her heal him. Once her job was done, an injured Lianda went back to her master who refused to heal her and let her die. Varnae proceeded to send his other minion Nimrod to duel Dracula as part of the test to see if Dracula would be fitting for the position of the Vampire Lord.
He successfully passed the test, but was tracked down and killed by a group led by a priest. Varnae sent another of his minions Serge to seduce the priest's niece Christina and use her blood to resurrect Dracula, while he personally slayed the group. As planned Dracula was revived, and soon he confronted Varnae in the aftermath of his carnage inside a church. Varnae imparted much of his supernatural power to Dracula by forcing him to drink his blood, turning him into the new Lord of Vampires. With his job complete, Varnae sealed Dracula in a coffin and committed suicide by exposing himself to direct sunlight,[6] but not before killing Marcello and taking the existence of the spell with him.[26]
1591 AD[]
In 1591, the young girl arrived at the English colony of Roanoke which would one day be part of Virginia. She was revealed to be a vampire and turned all the 121 settlers into vampires leaving only one message carved into a tree "Croatoan".[1]
Modern Era[]
Marie Laveau, wanting to get in her possession vampire blood to prolong her life, kidnapped Morgana Blessing and Victor Strange to threaten the latter's brother Doctor Strange into giving her the spell to recreate the vampire race. Strange refused, forcing Laveau to use the Darkhold to resurrect Varnae by sacrificing Blessing. Bambu, Doctor Voodoo's servant, intervened by sacrificing himself. This resulted in Varnae to possess Bambu's body, transforming it into an identical copy of his original body. Varnae refused to ally himself with Laveau and went to feast on Blessing, only to be confronted by Doctor Strange. Strange cast a spell on Varnae which caused the Vampire Lord to experience oblivion for five centuries and force him to flee.[7]
Assuming a normal human appearance, Varnae began hunting humans in the Cypress Hills Cemetery where he met with a powerless Johnny Blaze. Varnae attempted to trick Blaze into being turned into a vampire, but he saw through this and attempted to fight back. Varnae chased Blaze to the Midnight Sons' mausoleum where the latter pressed the vampire's face into the icon of the Midnight Sons' dagger that burned him as it was religious icon Blaze believed in and was from Varnae's time. Injured, Varnae fled while swearing vengeance.[27]
Varnae managed to undo the spell Doctor Strange casted, reviving the vampire race. He had his new minion Taj Nital kidnap Dracula's son Janus in order to use him against Dracula. He then urged Dracula's clone Bloodstorm to break free of the lab that created him and bring him the Exorcist Gun.[28]
Varnae had Taj Nital bring Blade, the vampire hunter to his base in Rhode Island. There he threatened him with the return of Dracula, but the Nightstalkers came to help Blade, though they were followed by Salomé. Salomé offered Varnae to become his master, but he refused, leading to her attacking Bloodstorm who was freed from Varnae's control. The Nightstalkers used the Exorcist Gun against Varnae but did no harm. He then ordered Taj Nital to slay the day-walker, forcing him to kill his former allies. Hannibal King's willpower was put to the test when he was ordered to kill his friends, instead he impaled himself to save his team. Frank Drake overpowered the gun and rushed at the vampire, sacrificing himself as it exploded, destroying the base and everyone inside.[8]
Another minion of Varnae, Aaron Thorne, started the Bad Seed organization that began distributing the Aceldama drug to spread vampirism. After their initial confrontation, Thorne assisted Blade in battling the resurrected Dracula on Varnae's behalf.[29]
Laveau, leading a group of vampires, captured Blade and Bible John in Los Angeles where they prepared a ritual for Varnae's soul to possess the vampire hunter's body. Varnae was eager to return to life, but had to wait as a sigil was inscribed on Blade in order for the possession to be complete. Unfortunately for him, Blade freed himself and wiped the sigil, leaving a desperate Varnae to instead possess another vampire Night Terror. He proceeded to battle Blade in a sword battle, but as the latter was running out of energy due to the surrounding poisonous gas, Blade used the sword clash to ignite the gas. The building they were in soon exploded, exposing the vampires to sunlight.[30]
Blood Hunt[]
Varnae was eventually able to return and at last managed to take possession of Blade, either as a result of a ritual conducted on Blade by a duplicate of Deacon Frost,[31] or him drinking Dracula's blood which turned Blade into a full vampire without any of their weaknesses.[32] Whatever the manner, Varnae took complete possession of Blade's body and began work on overthrowing humanity and establish vampire supremacy.
In preparation for the vampires' worldwide invasion, Varnae took over the cult-like Ponzi scheme known simply as the Structure from Tutor to organize all of the vampires throughout the world. Wanting to eliminate any threat to his plans, Varnae, under the identity of Blade, went to meet a group of vampire hunters whom Blade had personally trained at a dinner. The vampire hunters were unsuspecting of Blade, allowing Varnae to take them by surprise and slay all of them, with Blade's trapped consciousness forced to watch his pupils being massacred by his own hands.[33] Putting his plan into motion, Varnae executed a ritual of Atlantean origin to turn all of Darkforce users into portals to the Darkforce Dimension that covered the entire Earth, completely blocking out the sun and allowing the vampires to strike. Still pretending to be Blade, Varnae went to meet Spider-Man and while the latter was distracted by their conversation he bit him, turning the young hero into another of his progeny and ordering him to attack Blade's daughter, Brielle once the two were together, since she still posed a threat to his existence.[34]
Soon after, Varnae contacted the Avengers to teleport his truck to their base, the Impossible City, tricking them into believing they were teleporting him, but instead his truck contained the Bloodcoven, a group of superpowered vampires who proved to be a match for the heroes. Varnae then went to the Sanctum Sanctorum where he found Strange and his wife Clea rummaging through their books to find the Montesi Formula as they were willing to wipe out the entire vampire race. "Blade" explained to them what was really going on before biting Strange to turn him into a vampire and prevent the couple from killing all of the vampires.[35][36]
Varnae arrived to the Impossible City, pleased that the Bloodcoven had successfully captured Thor, the Scarlet Witch who held within her the True Darkhold, and Black Panther who had also been turned into a vampire. He dispatched the Bloodcoven to bring Brielle to him, while Black Panther would go back to Wakanda to retrieve his long lost temple.[37] While the Midnight Sons were investigating a demon in a hospital in Chicago, Varnae intercepted them and attacked, only to be driven back and forced to flee, but not before telling them that he wasn't Blade.[38] Next Varnae went to the dimension behind the Sanctorum's mirrors, the Crypt of Shadows, where he encountered Victor Strange's ghost. He helped Victor get back into the material world by allowing him to possess his brother's vampirized body after Stephen's astral form left it.[39]
Back to the Impossible City, Varnae was disappointed that the Bloodcoven not only failed to capture Brielle but had lost one of its members due to the interference of the remaining Avengers and Dracula himself who went against the Structure due to seeing it as a threat to his new Vampire Nation. To his delight, Black Panther had found his ancient temple submerged deep in the water. However, the Scarlet Witch confronted him, telling him that despite getting the better of them the heroes would manage to defeat him and his army. He and the Bloodcoven then witnessed a transmission of Captain America delivering a speech of hope and endurance to everyone around the world, telling all who heard him that no matter how much their enemies tried to batter them Earth would always prevail. This infuriated Varnae who immediately ordered Black Panther to teleport his temple to Central Park, intending for everyone to witness as he squashed the heroes.[40]
He and the Bloodcoven arrived to the temple, bringing both Thor and the Scarlet Witch along as he planned to use them as part of his ritual to finally achieve godhood. Black Panther asked him if he was actually Blade, prompting Varnae to drop the façade and reveal himself. On a haste, Varnae used Thor's blood and Scarlet Witch's Darkhold to complete his ritual that he had started millennia ago in his temple, calling all of the power of the Darkforce to him. Proclaiming himself a god, Varnae was interrupted by the inexplicable reappearance of the Moon, announcing the freedom of Khonshu.[2] Feeling threatened by this unexpectancy, Varnae tracked Brielle down himself and knocked her out.[41] Dracula attempted to fight Varnae to save her, but was prevented from reaching them by the First Vampire Lord's minions. Meanwhile, Varnae trapped Brielle's consciousness in a illusionary world taking appearance of a medieval version of Atlanta where "Blade" was her teacher inside a castle. Varnae attempted to corrupt her by increasing her bloodlust and convince her to join his side. This attempt would've succeeded hadn't been for her mother calling Brielle, waking her up and becoming determined to free her father from Varnae.[42]
Back to the temple, Varnae and his Bloodcoven were confronted by the Avengers, with Black Panther curing himself of his vampirism and freeing Thor. The heroes battled the vampires, also freeing the Scarlet Witch in the battle, but to make matters worse for Varnae Moon Knight and the Fists of Khonshu joined the fight. Varnae used the Darkforce to fend them all, though he was caught by surprise by Brielle who stabbed him in the chest. Varnae laughed it off, telling her that it was too late as he had by now fully possessed Blade's body and she wasn't considered of his bloodline anymore. Unfortunately for him, Spider-Man joined in by also stabbing Varnae with his bioelectric sword which heavily hurt him, since he was technically of his bloodline now. This led to Varnae's spirit and Darkforce to be purged from Blade's body, and with the Scarlet Witch successfully exorcising Varnae, she trapped him inside a crystal of Chaos Magic. This gave Doctor Doom, the new Sorcerer Supreme, the opportunity to undo Varnae's Atlantean ritual and retracted the Darkforce from the sky, ending the vampire invasion.[43]
In an attempt to be cured of his vampirism, Miles was set to fight Black Panther by their gods Bast and Anansi in the Spirit World. During the astral battle, Varnae managed to free himself and went to possess the Black Panther as the vampirism was transferring from Miles to him. He fought Miles, mocking him for wanting to get rid of the powers he bestowed him. Not wanting to sacrifice Black Panther to be cured, Miles refused to continue the fight, instead accepting his new life as a vampire. Varnae went to kill the young Spider-Man, but this whole ordeal turned out to be a test which Miles passed. With Miles victorious, Anansi exorcised Varnae from Black Panther and reimprisoned him, while the young hero was freed of his vampirism.[44]Personality
Attributes
 |
Powers
Varnae possesses a variety of superhuman attributes common to vampires. However, many of these powers were much higher than that of any other vampire, with the possible exception of Dracula.
- Vampirism: Varnae has the ability to transform others into vampires by draining them of enough of their blood to cause their physical death. During the process, an unknown enzyme in Varnae's saliva would enter the body and transform the remaining blood into a liquid called Ichor. As a result, an individual would rise from this death-like state after a period of 3 days.[6]
- Superhuman Strength: Varnae possesses superhuman strength greater than that of any other known vampire and was capable of lifting approximately 7 tons.
- Superhuman Speed: Despite his great size, Varnae can run and move at speeds greater than even the finest human athlete.
- Superhuman Stamina: Varnae's musculature generated less fatigue toxins during physical activity than the musculature of a human being. He could exert himself at peak capacity for several hours before fatigue began to impair him.
- Superhuman Agility: Varnae's agility, balance, and bodily coordination are enhanced to levels beyond the natural physical limits of even the finest human athlete.
- Superhuman Reflexes: Varnae's reaction time was enhanced to a level beyond the natural physical limits of even the finest human athlete.
- Immortality: As long as Varnae ingests fresh blood on a regular basis, he is functionally immortal in the sense that he is immune to aging and all known Earthly diseases and infections.
- Regenerative Healing Factor: If injured, Varnae is capable of rapidly healing damaged tissue sustained from mild to moderate injuries much faster than an ordinary human. Injuries such as severe burns and lacerations healed completely within a few hours. He is, however, incapable of regenerating missing limbs or organs.
- Telepathy: Varnae is capable of communicating and even mentally controlling any other vampire, with the exception of Dracula, even across great distances. Varnae's hold is particularly strong over other vampires that he himself has been responsible for creating. Varnae can also use his telepathy to mentally communicate with or control certain animals, such as bats or wolves.[16][12][8]
- Hypnotism: Varnae was capable of mentally enslaving most ordinary humans by maintaining eye contact with them for only a few seconds. However, exceptionally strong-willed individuals could fight the effects of his hypnotism.
- Dream Inducement: Varnae induced into Dracula while he slept false prophetic dreams as part of his plan to turn the latter into the new vampire lord.[6]
- Shapeshifting: Varnae is capable of altering his appearance to variable degrees, although he seldom uses this ability. He is capable of transforming himself into a giant bat, wolf, or assume the form of mist. Varnae is also capable of altering his height and weight to an unknown degree. However, he is capable of reaching a height of at least 25 feet.[12][1][27]
- Magic: Varnae was a knowledgeable sorcerer, having previously sought out the title of Sorcerer Supreme.[7]
- Darkforce Manipulation: Through a ritual combining a god's blood and the Darkhold, Varnae harnessed the Darkforce he had unleashed to block out the sun.[2]
- Flight: Varnae could levitate without transforming into a bat-like creature.
- Darkforce Constructs: Varnae could form tendrils to attack from a distance.
- Teleportation: Varnae could teleport himself to capture his prey.[41]
- Blood Manipulation: Varnae was able to control other people's blood utilizing Blood Magic spells. He could use this property to amalgamate bodies, both deceased and living, together to form bloody monstrosities.[42]
- Darkforce Manipulation: Through a ritual combining a god's blood and the Darkhold, Varnae harnessed the Darkforce he had unleashed to block out the sun.[2]
- Possession: As a spirit, Varnae could possess the bodies of others, using them as his vessels.[45]
Abilities
Weaknesses
Paraphernalia
Weapons
Notes
- In Timespirits #4, Varnae was referred to as a Gigantopithecus. This was much later corroborated in the notes of History of the Marvel Universe (Vol. 2) #1, stating that, before being transformed, Varnae was an "Atlantean Gigantopithecus". This would explain his ape-like appearance (though other ancient vampires, such as Verdelet, had the same form). Given Varnae has been mentioned as having been an human on several occasions, it is unknown whether this information is an error or a retcon, or if "Gigantopithecus" is more of a description than a classification.
- Bizarre Adventures #33 originally implied that Varnae originated from the prehistory Stone Age, having preyed on the cavemen. However, this was changed to make Varnae less ancient.
Trivia
- Varnae's name is based on the vampire novel Varney the Vampire, although Varney would later enter in Marvel continuity (mentioned in the Book of the Vishanti).
- The name "Croatoan", allegedly used by the Native Americans to designate Varnae, is presumably a reference to the Roanoke Colony, the Lost Colony, whose people (more than a hundred) mysteriously disappeared, and where was found carved on a palisade the word "CROATOAN", and "CRO" on a nearby tree.[46]
- Varnae is the first known possessor of the Book of the Vishanti.[47] Ironically, it was stated to be the antithesis of the Darkhold that was used to create him.[48]
- Marvel Year-In-Review #4, in the "Classifieds" section, a blond punker named Elsa left an ad for a vampire to come to meet her, stating that she would be wearing a shirt printed with the words "VARNAE ROCKS".
See Also
- 34 appearance(s) of Varnae (Earth-616)
- 9 appearance(s) in handbook(s) of Varnae (Earth-616)
- 4 minor appearance(s) of Varnae (Earth-616)
- 25 mention(s) of Varnae (Earth-616)
- 11 mention(s) in handbook(s) of Varnae (Earth-616)
- 31 image(s) of Varnae (Earth-616)
- 6 quotation(s) by or about Varnae (Earth-616)
- 3 victim(s) killed by Varnae (Earth-616)
- 1 item(s) used/owned by Varnae (Earth-616)
Links and References
References
- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 Marvel Comics Presents #63 ; Norse Blood
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Blood Hunt #4
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Vampires: The Marvel Undead #1 ; Varnae's entry
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Tomb of Dracula (Vol. 4) #2
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Doctor Strange, Sorcerer Supreme #11
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 Bizarre Adventures #33
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Doctor Strange, Sorcerer Supreme #18
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Nightstalkers #18
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Blood Hunt #1–4
- ↑ Vampires: The Marvel Undead #1
- ↑ Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe A to Z #12 ; Varnae's profile
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 Timespirits #4
- ↑ History of the Marvel Universe (Vol. 2) #1 ; Annotations
- ↑ Doctor Strange, Sorcerer Supreme Annual #2 ; His Master's Foes
- ↑ Doctor Strange (Vol. 2) #61
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 Conan the Barbarian #245
- ↑ Vampires: The Marvel Undead #1 ; Vampires's entry, History section
- ↑ X-Men: Curse of the Mutants - Storm & Gambit #1
- ↑ Black Panther: Blood Hunt #2
- ↑ Marvel Zombies: The Book of Angels, Demons & Various Monstrosities #1 ; Vampires' profile
- ↑ Vampires: The Marvel Undead #1 ; Vampires Appendix, Lamia's profile
- ↑ 22.0 22.1 Blade: The Vampire-Hunter #6
- ↑ Conan the Barbarian #244–245
- ↑ Phases of the Moon Knight #4
- ↑ Doctor Strange, Sorcerer Supreme #12
- ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 Doctor Strange, Sorcerer Supreme #13
- ↑ 27.0 27.1 Ghost Rider/Blaze: Spirits of Vengeance #19
- ↑ Nightstalkers #16–17
- ↑ Blade: The Vampire-Hunter #1–3
- ↑ Blade: The Vampire-Hunter #4–5
- ↑ Bloodline: Daughter of Blade #4
- ↑ Blade (Vol. 6) #6
- ↑ 33.0 33.1 Midnight Sons: Blood Hunt #1
- ↑ Miles Morales: Spider-Man (Vol. 2) #21
- ↑ 35.0 35.1 Blood Hunt #1
- ↑ 36.0 36.1 Doctor Strange (Vol. 6) #15
- ↑ Blood Hunt #2
- ↑ Midnight Sons: Blood Hunt #2
- ↑ Doctor Strange (Vol. 6) #16
- ↑ Blood Hunt #3
- ↑ 41.0 41.1 41.2 Dracula: Blood Hunt #2
- ↑ 42.0 42.1 Dracula: Blood Hunt #3
- ↑ Blood Hunt #5
- ↑ Miles Morales: Spider-Man (Vol. 2) #29
- ↑ 45.0 45.1 Blade: The Vampire-Hunter #5
- ↑ Roanoke Colony at Wikipedia
- ↑ Captain Marvel (Vol. 10) #29
- ↑ Mystic Arcana: The Book of Marvel Magic #1
- ↑ Vampires: The Marvel Undead #1
- ↑ Vampires: The Marvel Undead Vol 1 1