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S.No. TABLE OF CONTENTS Pages
A ANATOMY
1 Histology - glands types, epithelium, cartilage 1

2 Broadmann areas 4

3 Hypothalamus nuclei 5

4 Spinal cord tracts 5

5 Cerebrum cut section coronal 6

6 Types of white matter tracts 7

7 Ivc development , diaphragm development 8

8 Cranial nerves columns and identification 9

9 Cadaveric images 10
10 Types of muscle fibers 16

11 Thalamus connections 17
12 Cerebellum 18

B PHYSIOLOGY
13 Darrow yannet diagram 21
14 Baroreceptor 22
15 Renin angiotensin aldosterone system 22
16 Action potential 23
17 Excitation contraction coupling 23
18 O2 hb dissociation curve 24
19 Hypoxia and hypoxemia 25
20 High altitude changes 26
21 Physiology graphs 26
22 Erlanger gasser classification of nerve fibres 29

C BIOCHEMISTRY
23 Summary of pathways 32

24 Krebs cycle 34
25 Urea cycle 34
26 Glycosaminoglycans and MPS 35
27 genetics and molecular biology techniques 37

D FORENSIC MEDICINE
28 Bone age - ossification centres 40
29 Postmortem changes 43
30 Tests for seminal and blood stain 43

31 Autopsy techniques 44

32 Wound of entry range 45

E PHARMACOLOGY
33 Anti arrhythmic drugs 48
34 Hypertension drugs 52
35 Hyperlipidemia types and hypolipidemic drugs 54
36 Anticoagulants 58
37 Hiv drugs 61
38 Asthma treatment 62
39 Anti epileptics 64
40 Antidepressants, Lithium 66
41 Anti psychotics 67
42 Drug schedules 68
43 Diuretics 69

F PSM
44 Post exposure prophylaxis - hiv,rabies, tetanus 73

45 National immunisation schedule and everything about vaccines 74

46 Biostatistics 77

47 Screening - errors, graphs 78

48 Epidemiology - studies types 79

49 Leprosy,nlep, drugs 80

50 NTEP (tb program) ,TB drugs , TB regimen 83

G MICROBIOLOGY
51 Sterilization and disinfectant 86
52 MHC 1 VS MHC 2 88
53 Parvovirus 88
54 AIDs and opportunistic infections 88
55 Plasmodium 90
56 Virology classification, inclusion bodies ,images 90

H PATHOLOGY
57 Interleukins cytokines 95
58 Tumor markers 97
59 Genetic disorders, chromosomes 98
60 Renal casts 101
61 MEN syndrome 103
62 Bleeding disorders 104

I ENT
63 Tympanogram 107

64 Ca larynx staging 107

J OPHTHALMOLOGY
65 Astigmatism 110
66 Diabetic retinopathy 110

K PSYCHIATRY
67 Thought disorders 114
L DERMATOLOGY
68 Psoriasis 117
69 Acne vulgaris 117

M ORTHOPEDICS
70 Osteoporosis,including drugs 121

N SURGERY
71 Shock 124

72 Burns 125
73 Breast cancer - everything - staging, classification,treatment 126

74 Named surgeries 128

75 Named hernia 129
76 Scores and classification in surgery 129
77 ATLS( Trauma) 131

O OBS & GYNE

78 ca cervix ,pap smear, hpv vaccine 137
79 Gynec cancer staging - vulva, endometrium ,ovary 137

80 Fetal skull diameters , maternal pelvis 138

81 Fetal biophysical profile 139
82 Molar pregnancy 140
83 Placental types and abnormalities 141
84 Contraception 141
85 Primary amenorrhea approach 143
86 PCOS treatment 143
87 Gestational DM 145
88 Rh negative mother 146

89 Pre eclampsia ,mgso4 147

90 Physiological changes in pregnancy 148

P PEDIATRICS
91 Neonatal jaundice 153
92 Newborn resuscitation 154
93 TORCH 154

Q MEDICINE
94 Aphasia 158
95 Pre renal Vs Renal AKI 160

R ANESTHESIA
96 OXYGEN DELIVERY DEVICES 163
97 BLS,ACLS,PALS 164

S RADIOLOGY 168

SHOTS HIGHIELD IMAGES 181

KEY POINTS FOR CLINICAL VIGNETTES

CLASSICAL FINDINGS
Previous year INICET Topics
Magic Book 2.0- Dr.Nikita Nanwani

S.No. TABLE OF CONTENTS Pages

A. ANATOMY
1. 2
Skull Foramina
2. 5
Upper limb nerve injuries
3. Brachial plexus Branches & root value 10
4. 12
Brachial plexus injury
5. Upper limb fractures and nerve injury 13
6. 14
Neuroanatomy - Brainstem
7. 16
Cranial nerves
8. Brain blood supply 17
9. 18
Neural crest cell (NCC) derivatives
10. Eye Embryology 19
11. Pharyngeal apparatus derivatives 20
12. Dermatomes & Reflex root value 22
13. Types of joints 23
14 Muscles of mastication 25
15 Diaphragm openings 26
16 Heart - Blood supply , Embryology 27
B PHYSIOLOGY
17 31
Hormones second messenger
18 33
Basal ganglia circuit
19 35
Site of lesion of movement disorders
20 GFR -Starling forces & factors 36
21 Heart sounds 37
22. JVP 38
23. Wigger diagram 39
24. PV loop 41
25. 42
Respiratory Flow volume loops
26. 43
Spirometry , PFT
27. GIT Hormones 44
C BIOCHEMISTRY
28. Enzymes active in phosphorylated and dephosphorylated state 47
29. HSL vs LPL 48
30. 49
Folate vit B12 deficiency
31. 50
Enzyme inhibition
32. 52
Amino acid disorders
Magic Book 2.0- Dr.Nikita Nanwani

33. Pellagra 53
34. Amino acid derivatives 54
35. ETC inhibitors 55
36. Inhibitors of glycolysis and TCA 57
37. Enzyme cofactors 58
38. Rate limiting enzymes 59
39. DNA polymerase 60
40. Vitamins 61
41. Vitamin assays 63
42. Glycogen storage disorders 64
43. 66
Lysosomal storage disorders
44. 70
Molecular Biology
D. PATHOLOGY
45. 74
AD/AR/XLR/XLD diseases
46. Trinucleotide repeat disorders 76
47. 77
Anemia
48. 78
CD markers
49. 80
Lymphoma
50. Renal deposits 83
51. 87
Hypersensitivity reactions
E. PHARMACOLOGY
52. Cyp 450 -inducers & inhibitors 90
53. Glaucoma drugs 91
54. 92
DM drugs
55. Vd & clearance 94
56. Graphs - General Pharmacology 95
57. 97
Antifungal drugs
58 Anti TB drugs 99
59. 100
Anticancer drugs
60. Antimicrobials MOA 102
F MICROBIOLOGY
61. Culture media 107
62. 109
Mycology
63. Protozoa 111
64. 113
Rickettsia
65. 114
Hepatitis B serology
Magic Book 2.0- Dr.Nikita Nanwani

66. 116
Parasitology egg tricks
G FMT
67. 119
Plant poison images
68. 120
Aconite poisoning
69. Arsenic & Lead poisoning 121
70. Snake identification 122
71. 123
Drugs of abuse
72. IPC sections 124
H PSM
73. HDI vs PQLI 127
74. Triage 128
75. Biomedical waste management 129
76. Tests of significance 131
77. STI kits 132
78. 133
Vector/ Mosquito
79. Food adulteration diseases 136
I ENT
80. Hearing tests 140
81. Structures opening into Meatus 141
82. X ray views - PNS & orbit 142
J OPHTHALMOLOGY
83 146
Keratoconus
84 Fundus images 148
85. Extra ocular muscles 149
86. Park 3 step test 152
87. Direct vs indirect ophthalmoscopy 153
K MEDICINE
88. ECG - Named waves 156
89. 157
ECG - Supraventricular arrhythmias
90. ECG - Ventricular arrhythmias 158
91. 159
ECG - AV block
92. ECG-MI and PERICARDITIS 160
93. 162
Acid base disorders
94. CURB 65 165
95. Porphyria 166
96. ECG in electrolyte abnormalities 169
97. SAAG 170
Magic Book 2.0- Dr.Nikita Nanwani

98. 171
CSF - meningitis
99. Causes of acidosis / alkalosis 172
100. Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) 173
101. Renal tubular syndromes 174
102. Vasculitis 175
103. 176
Autoimmune diseases with Antibodies
L SURGERY
104. Trauma scoring systems 178
105. GCS 179
106. Liver scoring systems 180
107. Strasberg classification 181
108. Urine crystals 182
109. Upper GI Bleed scores 183
110. 185
IV cannula color coding
111. Vacutainer color coding 186
112. Thyroid scan 187
113. CEAP classification -Chronic venous disease 188
M OBGY
114. Ectopic pregnancy criteria 191
115. Obstetric maneuvers 192
116. Dual/Triple/ Quadruple marker test 194
117. Ovarian tumors classification 195
118 Ovarian tumor - Bodies & tumor markers 196
119. Twins - Lambda vs T sign 198
120. Bishop score 199
121. 200
Vaginal infections
N PEDIATRICS
122. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia 204
123. Malnutrition 205
124. Scores in Pediatrics - APGAR , Silverman Anderson 207
125. Important milestones 208
O DERMATOLOGY
126. STI 212
P PSYCHIATRY
127. Personality disorders 214
Q ORTHOPEDICS
128. 215
Trendelenburg sign
129. Casts , splints, braces 216
130. Named fractures - Upper Limb 219
Magic Book 2.0- Dr.Nikita Nanwani

131. Named fractures - Lower limb 220

132. Named fracture - Vertebrae , pelvis 221
133. Osteochondritis 122
134. Angles 123
135. Metabolic bone disorders 225
136. 226
Bone tumors
R ANESTHESIA
137. Mapleson circuit 229
138. Cylinder color coding 231
139. Pin index system 232
S RADIOLOGY
140. 235
Emergency Radiology images
141. 237
Frequently asked Radiology Images
142. Visual defects 238
143. Bacterial toxins 239
144. Immune deficiency disorders 240
145. Endocarditis 243
146. Sarcomere 245
147. cardiac murmurs 247
148. Embryological structures and their derivatives in the genital system 248
149. Various Vocal cord palsies 249
150 Vesiculobullous lesions 250
SUBJECT WISE IMPORTANT TOPICS 255-
264
1. ANATOMY
1. HISTOLOGY - GLANDS TYPES, EPITHELIUM, CARTILAGE
Table No.1.1

Stratified squamous
Keratinised strat squamous
Transitional
Pseudostratified columnar ciliated
Simple squamous
URINARY SYSTEM
Table No.1.2

Bowman’s capsule
PCT ,Thick desc limb
Loop of henle
Thick desc limb , DCT
Collecting ducts
Calyx to prostatic urethra
Middle urethra – membranous, Spongy
Terminal urethra
GIT
Table No.1.3

• Tongue
• Esophagus
• Epiglottis
• Anus
• Intestine
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Table No.1.4

Nasal mucosa to proximal bronchiole

Terminal bronchiole
Respiratory bronchiole
Alveolus
Ducts
Sebaceous gland duct

1
Image No. 1.1

Image No. 1.2

Image No. 1.3

Image No. 1.4

2
Image No. 1.5

Types of glands
Image No. 1.6

Image No. 1.7

Image No. 1.8

3
Types of cartilages
Image No. 1.9

2. Broadmann area
Image No. 1.10 Image No. 2.1

4
3. Hypothalamic nuclei
Image No. 3.1

Image No. 3.2

4. Spinal cord tracts

Image No. 4.1

5
5. Cut section of cerebrum
Image No. 5.1 Image No. 5.2

6
6. Types of white mater
Image No. 6.1

7. Development of diaphragm
Image No. 7

7
7.1Development of IVC
Image No. 7.1

Image No. 7.2

8
8. CRANIAL NERVE COLUMNS AND IDENTIFICATION
Image No. 8.1

Image No. 8.2

9
9. CADAVERIC IMAGES
Image No. 9.1

Image No. 9.2

Image No. 9.3

10
Image No. 9.4

Image No. 9.5

Image No. 9.6

11
Image No. 9.7

Image No. 9.8

Image No. 9.9

12
Image No. 9.10

Image No. 9.11

Image No. 9.12

Image No. 9.13

13
Image No. 9.14

Image No. 9.15

Image No. 9.16

Image No. 9.18

14
Image No. 9.19

Image No. 9.20

Image No. 9.21

15
10. Types of muscle fibres
Image No. 10.1

Table No.10.2

16
11. Thalamus
Images No.11.1

Images No.11.2

17
12. Cerebellum
Images No.12.1 Images No.12.2

Images No.12.3

18
19
20
2. PHYSIOLOGY
13. Darrow Yannet
Table No.13.1

Image No.13.2

Image No.13.3

21
14. Baroreceptor
Image No.14.1

Image No.14.2

15. Renin angiotensin aldosterone system

Image No.15.1

22
16. Action Potential
Image No.16.1

17. Excitation contraction coupling

Image No.17.1

Image No17.2

23
18. O2- HB DISSOCIATION CURVE
Image No.18.1

Image No.17.2

Image No.17.3

Image No.17.4

24
19. HYPOXIA AND HYPOXEMIA
Image No.19.1

Image No.19.2

Image No.19.3

25
20. HIGH ALTITUDE CHANGES
Table No.20.1

FIO2 , PIO2
Pao2
ventilation
Paco2
respiratory alkalosis
altitude sickness (headaches, nausea, fatigue, lightheadedness,
sleep disturbance).
erythropoietin
Hct and Hb (due to chronic hypoxia).
2,3-BPG (binds to Hb
shift of oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve
O2 ( release).
Cellular changes ( mitochondria).
renal excretion of HCO3

pulmonary vaso______
_______ ventricular hypertrophy (RVH)

21. PHYSIOLOGY GRAPHS

Image No.21.1

Image No.21.2

Image No.21.3

26
Image No.21.4

Image No.21.5

Image No.21.6

27
Image No.21.7

Image No.21.8

Image No.21.9

Image No.21.10

Image No.21.11

28
Image No.21.12

Image No.21.13

22. ERLANGER GASSER CLASSIFICATION OF NERVE FIBERS

Table No..22.1

Table No.22.2
Fiber type Function Fiber Conductionvelocity(m/s) Spike
diameter(μm) duration(ms)
Aα Proprioception,somatic 12-20 70-120
motor
Aβ Touch,pressure 5-12 30-70 0.4-0.5

Aγ Motor tomusclespindles 3-6 15-30

Aδ Pain,temperature 2-5 12-30

B Preganglionicautonomic <3 3-15 1.2

C Pain, 0.4-1.2 0.5-2 2

Dorsal root temperature
C Post 0.3-1.3 0.7-2.3 2
Sympathetic ganglionicsympathetic

29
30
31
3. BIOCHEMISTRY
23.Summary of pathways
Image No.23.1

32
Image No.23.2

Image No.23.3

Image No.23.4

33
24. Krebs cycle
Image No.24.1

25. Urea cycle

Image No.25.1

Image No.25.2

34
26. Glycosaminoglycans/Mucopolysaccharidoses
Table No.26.1

Image No.26.2

35
Image No.26.3

Table No.26.1

Disease Findings Deficient Accumulation Inheritance

enzyme substrate

Hurler syndrome Developmental delay, hirsutism, α- -iduronidase Heparan sulfate, dermatan AR

skeletal anomalies, airway sulfate
obstruction, clouded cornea,
hepatosplenomegaly.

Hunter syndrome Mild Hurler + aggressive Iduronate-2 Heparan sulfate, dermatan XR

behavior, no corneal clouding (two)- sulfatase sulfate

36
27. MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

37
38
39
4. FORENSIC MEDICINE
28. BONE AGE
Image No. 28.1

Image No. 28.2

Table No. 28.1

Ossification centers of lateral epicondyle, capitulum and trochlea fuse with each
other at about 13–14 years to form a conjoint epiphysis which fuses with shaft at
about 14–15 years

40
Table No. 28.3

Image No. 28.4

Table No.28.5

41
Image No. 28.6

Table No. 28.7

Image No. 28.8

42
29. POST MORTEM LIVIDITY
Table No. 29.1

30. TESTS FOR SEMINAL AND BLOOD STAINS

Image No. 30.1

43
Image No. 30.2

Image No. 30.3

Image No. 30.4

31. Autopsy techniques

 One by one
 En block
 En bloc in situ
 En masse
44
32. WOUND OF ENTRY RANGE
Table No. 32.1
CHARACTERISTICS CONTACT SHOT CLOSE SHOT NEAR SHOT DISTANT SHOT
Range In-touch with 2.5-7.5 cm 30-60 cm) >60 cm
skin
Size Largest size Bullet size Smaller Smallest
Shape Stellate Circular Circular Circular
Muzzle end Positive Negative Negative Negative
imprint
Edge eversion Positive Negative Negative Negative
Blackening Negative Positive Negative Negative
Tattooing Negative Positive Positive Negative
Singeing Negative Positive Negative Negative
Abrasion collar Negative Positive Positive Negative
Grease collar Negative Positive Positive Negative
Image No. 32.1

45
46
47
5. PHARMACOLOGY
33. Anti arrhythmic drugs
Table. 33.1

Images 33.2

48
Image 33.3

Image :33.5

49
Table : 33.2

50
Image : 33.6

Image : 33.7

Image : 33.8

Image : 33.9

51
Image : 33.10

Image 33.11

34. Anti hypertension drugs

Image 34.1

52
Table No: 34.1

Image 34.2

53
35. HYPERLIPIDEMIA CLASSIFICATION AND HYPOLIPIDEMIC DRUGS
Image 35.1

Table No:35.1

54
Drug
Statins
Atorvastatin
Lovastatin, pravastatin,
rosuvastatin
simvastatin
Bile acid resins
Cholestyramine,
Colesevelam,
Colestipol
Ezetimibe
Fibrates
Fenofibrate,
gemfibrozil
Niacin
PCSK9 Inhibitors
Alirocumab,
evolocumab
Fish oil and marine omega-3 fatty acids

Table 35.1

55
56
Table No: 35.2

57
36. Anticoagulants
Image No: 36.1

Image No: 36.2

58
Image No: 36.3

59
Image No: 36.4

60
37. HIV drugs
Image No: 37.1

61
38. Asthma drugs
Image No: 38.1

62
Image No: 38.2

63
39. Anti epileptics
Image No: 39.1

Image No: 39.2

64
Image No: 39.3

65
40. Anti depressants
Image No: 40.1

66
41. Antipsychotics
Image No: 41.1

67
42. Drug schedules

68
43. Diuretics
Image No: 43.1

69
Table No: 43.1

DRUG OF CHOICE

70
71
72
6. PSM
44. POST EXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS - HIV,RABIES, TETANUS HIV
Table No: 44.1

TETANUS
Table No: 44.2

RABIES

73
Table No: 44.2
TYPE OF ROUTE OF DOSE OF DAY OF NO OF TOTA SITE OF
PROPHYLA ADMINISTRATI VACCINE DOSE INJECTI L NO INJECTION
XIS ON ON PER
VISIT
POST INTRA 0.1ML 0,3,7,28 2 4 ADULTS:
EXPOSURE DERMAL DOSE DELTOID
PROPHYLA MUSCLE
XIS O,3,7,14,28 1 5
INTRA 1ENTIRE INFANTS
MUSCULAR VACCINE &CHILDREN:
VIAL ANTEROLATE
RAL THIGH
PRE INTRA 0.1ML 0,7&BOOST 1 3
EXPOSURE DERMAL DOSE ER DOSE
PROPHYLA ON 21 OR
XIS 1 ENTIRE 28 1 3
INTRA VACCINE 0,7&BOOST
MUSCULAR VIAL ER ON 21
OR 28
RE INTRADERMA 0.1MLDO DAY 0&3 1 2
EXPOSURE L SE

1 ENTIRE
INTRAMUSCU VACCINE DAY0&3 1 2
LAR VIAL

74
45. NATIONAL IMMUNISATION SCHEDULE
Table :45.1

75
76
46. BIOSTATISTICS
Image No: 46.1

Image No: 46.2

Image No:46.3

77
Image No: 46.4

Image No: 46.5

Image No: 46.6

47. Screening
Image No: 47.1

Image No: 47.1

78
Image No: 47.2

Image No: 47.3

48. EPIDEMIOLOGY – STUDIES TYPES

79
49. LEPROSY
Who approved treatment for multibacillary leprosy
Age group Drug Duration of treatment
Adult Rifampicin 600 mg once a month + 12
Clofazimine 300 mg once a month months(Multibacillary)
and 50 mg daily 6
+ months(Paucibacillary)
Dapsone 100 mg daily
Children (10-14 years) Rifampicin 450 mg once a month + 12
Clofazimine 150 mg once a month months(Multibacillary)
and 50 mg alternate days. + 6
Dapsone 50 mg daily months(Paucibacillary)
Children <10 years old or Clofazimine 100mg once a month, 12
<40kg 50mg twice weekly months(Multibacillary)
+ 6 months(Paucibacillary
Dapsone 2 mg/kg daily

80
Image No: 49.1

81
82
50. NTEP

83
84
85
7.MICROBIOLOGY

51.STERILIZATION AND DISINFECTANT

Disinfection and sterilization REDUCTION&INACTIVATION OF ORGANISMS
AUTOCLAVE
PRESSURIZED STEAM>120C BUT NOT PRIONS
ALCOHOLS
DENATURATE PROTEINS&DISRUPT CELL MEMBRANES
CHLORHEXIDINE
DISRUPTS CELL MEMBRANES&COAGULATES
INTRACELLULAR COMPONENTS
CHLORINE
OXIDIZES &DENATURATES PROTEINS
ETHYLENE OXIDE
ALKYLATING AGENT
HYDROGEN PEROXIDE
FREE RADICAL OXIDATION
IODINE &IODOPHORS HALOGENATION OF DNA,RNA,&PROTEINS

86
QUALITY CONTROL AGENTS
 Hot oven: Bacillus atropheus subspecies niger
 Autoclave : Geobacillus stearothermophilus
 Radiation: Bacillus pumilus
 Filtration: Serratia marcescans Brevundimonas dimunita
 Ethylene oxide (Eto) : B. atropheus subspecies globigii

87
52. MHC VS MHC 2

53. PARVOVIRUS

54. AIDS AND OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTION

Pathogen Indication for prophylaxis Treatment Notes
P jiroveci CD4+<200/mm prior p jiroveci Single strength TMP SMX Discontinue prophylaxis when
Pneumonia infection unexplained fever X 2 CD4+ is>200/mm for > 3
weeks or HIV related oral months.
candidiasis
Mycobacterium avium CD 4+<50-100/mm3 Weekly azithromycin. Discontinue prophylaxis when
complex (MAC) CD4 + is > 100/mm3 for >6
months.
Toxoplasma gondii CD 4+<100/mm3+ igG Double strength TMP SMX -
serologies
M tuberculosis PPD>5mm or high risk (500 TB Inhx9 months(+pyridoxine) or Include pyridoxine with INH
section) rifampin X 4months containing regimens
Candida Multiple recurrences Esophagitis: fluconazole -
oral nystatin swish and swallow
HSV Multiple recurrences Daily suppressive acyclovir -
Famicidovir or valacydovir
S pneumonia All patients Pneumovax Given every 5 year provided
that CD4 + is >200/mm3
Influenza All patients Influenza vaccine annually

88
PNEUMOCYSTIS JIROVECI

CYTOMEGALO –OWLEYE INCLUSION

89
55. PLASMODIUM

56.VIROLOGY CLASSIFICATION,INCLUSION BODIES ,IMAGES

90
INCLUSION BODIES
Negri bodies

91
MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM

92
93
94
8. PATHOLOGY
57. Interleukin and cytokines

95
96
58. Tumor markers
Alkaline phosphatase
α-fetoprotein
hCG
CA15-3/CA27-29
CA 19-9
CA 125
Calcitonin
CEA
Chromogranin
LDH
Neuron-specific enolase
PSA
Immunohistochemical stains
Chromogranin and synaptophysin
Cytokeratin
Desmin
GFAP
Neurofilament
PSA
PECAM-1/CD-31
S-100
TRAP
Vimentin

97
59. GENETIC DISORDERS

98
GENETIC DISORDERS BY CHROMOSOME

MODES OF INHERITANCE
Autosomal dominant

Autosomal recessive

99
X linked recessive

Mitochondrial inheritance

100
60. Renal casts
RBC casts

WBC casts

Granular casts

Fatty casts (“oval fat

bodies”)
Waxy casts

Hyaline casts

101
102
61MEN SYNDROMES
MEN1 Pituitary tumors (prolactin or GH)
Pancreatic endocrine tumors—Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, insulinomas, VIPomas, glucagonomas
(rare)
Parathyroid adenomas
Associated with mutation of MEN1 (tumor suppressor, codes for menin, chromosome 11),
angiofibromas, collagenomas, meningiomas
MEN2A Parathyroid hyperplasia
Medullary thyroid carcinoma—neoplasm of parafollicular C cells; secretes calcitonin; prophylactic
thyroidectomy required
Pheochromocytoma (secretes catecholamines)
Associated with mutation in RET (protooncogene, codes for receptor tyrosine kinase, chromosome
10)
Medullary thyroid carcinoma
Pheochromocytoma
Mucosal neuromas (oral/intestinal ganglioneuromatosis)
Associated with marfanoid habitus; mutation in RET gene.
MEN2B

103
62. Bleeding disorders

104
105
106
9. ENT
63. TYMPANOGRAM

64. CALARYNX

107
108
109
10.OPHTHALMOLOGY
65. ASTIGMATISM

66.Diabetic retinopathy

110
111
112
113
11.PSYCHIATRY
67.Disorders of thought

114
115
116
12.DERMATOLOGY
68. PSORIASIS

117
69.Acne vulgaris

118
119
120
13.ORTHOPEDICS
70.OSTEOPOROSIS

121
122
123
14. SURGERY
71. SHOCK

124
72. BURNS

125
73.BREAST CANCER

126
127
74. NAMED SURGERIES
Hadfeild Sx
Orringer Sx
Longo Procedure
Patey's Sx
Sistrunk’s Sx
Frey procedure
Whipples Sx
Ladd's Procedure
Milligan Morgan operation
Kasai procedure.
Bishop Koop operation
Duhamel, Swensen and Soave Operations
Strong Procedure
Palomo Operation
Palma Operation
Nesbitt Operation
Gray hack Shunt operation
Dennis Brown Operation
Anderson Hynes Operation
Hellers Cardiomyotomy
POEM
Stretta Procedure
Nissen Fundoplication
Belsey Mark 4 Operation
Ivor Lewis Operation

128
75. NAMED HERNIA

76. SCORES AND CLASSIFICATION IN SURGERY

129
130
131
77. ATLS(TRAUMA)

132
133
134
135
136
15.OBG

CANCER STAGING
78.CACERVIX

79. Ca endometrium

Ca ovary

137
Ca vulva

80. Maternal pelvis , fetal skull

138
PAP smear , HPV vaccine

81. Fetal biophysical profile

139
82.Molar pregnancy

140
83. Placenta abnormalities

84.Contraception

141
142
85. Primary amenorrhea

86. PCOS TREATMENT

Diagnosis:
Biochemical hyperandrogenemia ↑ testosterone (total +/− free),
DHEAS.
Other causes of hyperandrogenism  TSH, prolactin.
 17-OH progesterone to rule out nonclassical CAH.
 Consider screening in the setting of clinical signs of
Cushing’s syn- drome (eg, moon facies, buffalo hump,
abdominal striae) or acromeg- aly (eg, ↑ head size).
Metabolic abnormalities  Two-hour oral glucose tolerance test.
 Fasting lipid and lipoprotein levels (total cholesterol, HDL,
LDL, tri-glycerides).
Optional tests  Ultrasound: Look for > 8 small, subcapsular follicles
forming a "pearl necklace" sign.
 Seen in roughly two-thirds of
women with PCOS.
 Gonadotropins: ↑ LH/FSH ratio (>2:1).
 24-hour urine for free cortisol: Adult-onset CAH or
Cushing's syndrome.

143
Treatment:
Women who are not attempting to conceive Treat with a combination of OCPs, progestin, and
metformin (or other insulin-sensitizing agents).
Women who are attempting to conceive Clomiphene +/- metformin is first-line treatment
for ovulatory stimulation
Symptom-specific treatment HIRSUTISM: Combination OCPs are first line;
antiandrogens (spirono- lactone, finasteride) and
metformin may also be used.
CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS AND LIPID
LEVELS: Diet, weight loss, and exercise plus
potentially lipid-controlling medication (eg,
statins).

144
87. GESTATIONAL DIABETIS MELLITUS

Diabetes in pregnancy

Gestational Pregestational

GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS

 Carbohydrate intolerance of variable severity that is first diagnosed during

pregnancy
 Occurs in 3-5% of all pregnancies, usually in late pregnancy.
 HISTORY: Typically asymptomatic.
 May present with edema, polyhydramnios, or a large-for-CA infant
(>90thpercentile).
 DIAGNOSIS:

Conduct a 1-hour 50-g glucose challenge 1. Venous plasma glucose is measured I hour
test later.
2. Performed at 24-28 weeks.
3. Values ≥ 140 mg/dl are considered
abnormal.

145
88. RH NEGATIVE MOTHER

Definition

Diagnosis:

Treatment:

Prevention:

Complications:

146
89. PRE ECLAMPSIA, MGSO4

Disease severity Signs and symptoms

Mild pre eclampsia
Severe pre eclampsia
eclampsia
Treatment:

preeclampsia
Severe preeclampsia
eclampsia
Mgso4

147
90. PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES IN PREGNANCY

Changes in metabolic system

Skin changes in pregnancy

148
CHANGES IN BREAST

VAGINA, CERVICAL AND UTERINE CHANGES

UTERINE CHANGES:

HEMATOLOGICAL CHANGES IN PREGNANCY

INCREASED DECREASED

149
RESPIRATORY CHANGES IN PREGNANCY

GIT CHANGES IN PREGNANCY

CHANGES IN RENAL SYSTEM

CHANGES IN ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

INCREASED DECREASED

150
151
152
16. PAEDIATRICS

91. Neonatal jaundice

153
92. Neonatal resuscitation

93. TORCH

TORCH INFECTIONS
CONGENITAL TOXOPLASMOSIS
CLINICAL TRIAD- CHORIORETINITIS , HYDROCEPHALUS, CEREBRAL CALCIFICATIONS
TOXOPLASMOSIS – MACROCEPHALY (Hydrocephalus)
HEADLIGHT IN FOG APPEARENCE
CONGENITAL RUBELLA
C- CATARACT

H-HEART DISEASE (MC –PDA )

D-DEAFNESS
SALT AND PEPPER RETINOPATHY
BLUE BERRY MUFFIN LESIONS – CHARACTERISTIC OF CONGENITAL RUBELLA

154
CMV
90% are Asymptomatic
Developing countries – reactivation of CMV infection of mother
PeriVentricular calcifications,microcephaly ,chorioretinitis
S – SNHL(non syndromic)
Most children symptomatic at birth develops hearing loss
Incidence of CMV infection in fetus with mainly primary infection
Herpes zoster
Limb hypoplasia
Zika virus
Aydes aegyptie mosquito
Hoffbauer cell in placental tissue
Feature –
 Microcephaly (HC <-3SD) AND Micrencephaly
 Macular scarring
 Hypertonia and limb deformities (CTEV)
 Subcortical calcifications
Congenital Syphilis
Late (>2yrs)
Hutchison triad
 Teeth (notching / peg shaped incisors )
 Interstitial keratitis
 Deafness
Mulberry molars
Fissure – Rhagades

155
156
157
17. MEDICINE

94. APHASIA

158
159
95. Pre renal vs renal AKI

160
161
162
18. ANAESTHESIA
96. OXYGEN DELIVERY DEVICES

163
97. BLS ACLS

164
165
166
167
19. RADIOLOGY

168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
Boston brace

Taylor brace

Milwaukee Brace

Galeazzi Fracture
181
Reticulin stain

Bacillus anthracis, methylene blue stain

182
Ebola Virus Disease

Schistosoma haematobium

Dermatitis herpetiforms

Trichuris trichiura

183
Reticulin Stain

Pemphigus tombstone apearence

Kimmelsteil Wilson Lesion

Hess chart

184
Synoptophore

Pemphigus vulgaris fish net pattern

Dermatitis Herpetiformis

Lichen nitidus

Book test
185
Ecg psvt

Neisseria gonorhhea

Ecg VT

Groove sign off lgv

186
Pseudomonas Oxidase Positive

Ecg torsedes de pointus

Ankle Foot Orthrosis

Chromoblastomycosis
187
Ecg hyperkelemia

Double bleb sign

Genital herpes

Kf ring

188
Shawl sign dermatomyositis

Lilac rash

Sporotrichosis

189
Dermatomyositis

Malecot drain catheter

Orange foleys

Green cannula
190
Maddox rod

Fincham test

Pawlik grip

191
Stargardts disease

Goldman tonometer

REM sleep eeg

Giant cell tumor x-ray

192
Veress Needle

Stage ii sleep eeg – sleep spindles

193
sporotrichosis

Romovac suction

194
CLINICAL PRESENTATION
DIAGNOSIS /DISEASE CLINICAL PRESENTATION
Anaphylaxis following blood transfusion IgA deficiency
Aortic regurgitation Bounding pulses, wide pulse pressure, diastolic heart
murmur, head bobbing
Aortic stenosis Systolic ejection murmur (crescendo-decrescendo),
narrow pulse pressure, pulsus parvus et tardus
Angina (stable: with moderate exertion; unstable: Chest pain on exertion
with minimal exertion or at rest)
Angina (⊝ troponins) or NSTEMI (⊕ troponins) Chest pain with ST depressions on ECG
Acute adrenal insufficiency Shock, altered mental status, vomiting, abdominal
pain, weakness, fatigue in patient under
glucocorticoid therapy
Anterior drawer sign ⊕ Anterior drawer sign ⊕
Alport syndrome (mutation in type IV collagen) Hereditary nephritis, sensorineural hearing loss,
retinopathy, anterior lenticonus
Alkaptonuria (homogentisate oxidase deficiency; Bluish-black connective tissue, ear cartilage, sclerae;
ochronosis) urine turns black on prolonged exposure to air
Becker muscular dystrophy (X-linked non-frameshift Slow, progressive muscle weakness in boys
deletions in dystrophin; less severe than Duchenne)
Babinski sign (UMN lesion) Dorsiflexion of large toe with fanning of other toes
upon plantar scrape
Bowlegs (children), bone pain, and muscle weakness Rickets (children), osteomalacia (adults); vitamin D
deficiency
Recurrent Neisseria infection Terminal complement deficiencies (C5-C9)
Beck triad of cardiac tamponade Distant heart sounds, distended neck veins,
hypotension
Burton line (lead poisoning) Bluish line on gingiva
B symptoms of malignancy Fever, night sweats, weight loss
Basal ganglia lesion Resting tremor, athetosis, chorea
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (WT2 mutation) Wilms tumor, macroglossia, organomegaly,
hemihyperplasia, omphalocele
Mucor or Rhizopus fungal infection Black eschar on face of patient with diabetic
ketoacidosis and/or neutropenia
Cri-du-chat (cry of the cat) syndrome Microcephaly, high-pitched cry, intellectual disability
Cori disease (debranching enzyme deficiency) or Infant with hypoglycemia, hepatomegaly
Von Gierke disease (glucose-6-phosphatase
deficiency, more
severe)
Chronic granulomatous disease (defect of NADPH Recurrent infections and granulomas with catalase ⊕
oxidase) organisms
Clostridioides difficile infection Abdominal pain, diarrhea, leukocytosis, recent
antibiotic
Use
Corynebacterium diphtheria infection Tonsillar pseudomembrane with “bull’s neck”
appearance
Condylomata lata (2° syphilis) Smooth, moist, painless, wartlike white lesions on
genitals
Coxsackie A, 2° syphilis, Rocky Mountain spotted Rash on palms and soles
fever
Cystic fibrosis (CFTR gene defect, chromosome 7, Meconium ileus in neonate, recurrent pulmonary
ΔF508) infections, nasal polyps, pancreatic insufficiency,
infertility/subfertility
Chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, intracranial Congenital toxoplasmosis
calcifications
Chvostek sign (hypocalcemia) Facial muscle spasm upon tapping
Carcinoid syndrome ( urinary 5-HIAA) Cutaneous flushing, diarrhea, bronchospasm, heart
murmur
DIAGNOSIS /DISEASE CLINICAL PRESENTATION
Chronic 1° adrenal insufficiency (Addison disease)  Skin hyperpigmentation, orthostatic hypotension,
 ACTH,  MSH fatigue,
weakness, muscle aches, weight loss, GI
disturbances
Courvoisier sign (distal malignant obstruction of Jaundice, palpable distended non-tender gallbladder
biliary
tree)
Crigler-Najjar syndrome (congenital unconjugated Severe jaundice in neonate
hyperbilirubinemia)
Cholelithiasis (gallstones) Female, fat (obese), fertile (multiparity), forty, fair
Cancer of the pancreatic head obstructing bile duct Painless jaundice with enlarged gallbladder
Cold agglutinin disease (autoimmune hemolytic Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
anemia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae,
infectious mononucleosis, CLL)
Cerebellar lesion (lateral affects voluntary movement Truncal ataxia, nystagmus, head tilting, fall towards
of extremities; medial affects axial and proximal injured side
movement)
Chronic bronchitis (hypertrophy and hyperplasia of Hypoxemia, polycythemia, hypercapnia
mucus-secreting glands, “blue bloater”)
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (Gowers sign) Child uses arms to stand up from squat
Down syndrome Single palmar crease, intellectual disability
Dressler syndrome (autoimmune-mediated post-MI Chest pain, pericardial effusion/friction rub, persistent
fibrinous pericarditis, 2 weeks to several months after fever following MI
acute episode)
Diabetic ketoacidosis (Kussmaul respirations) Rapid, deep, labored breathing/hyperventilation
Delirium (usually 2° to other cause) “Waxing and waning” level of consciousness (acute
onset),  attention span,  level of arousal
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (type V collagen defect, Elastic skin, hypermobility of joints,  bleeding
type III tendency
collagen defect seen in vascular subtype of ED)
Edwards syndrome (trisomy 18) Infant with microcephaly, rocker-bottom feet,
clenched
hands, and structural heart defect
Erb-Duchenne palsy (superior trunk [C5–C6] brachial Neonate with arm paralysis following difficult birth,
plexus injury) arm
in “waiter’s tip” position
Epidural hematoma (middle meningeal artery Lucid interval after traumatic brain injury
rupture; branch of maxillary artery)
Emphysema (“pink puffer,” centriacinar [smoking] or Pink complexion, dyspnea, hyperventilation
panacinar [α1-antitrypsin deficiency])
Familial hypercholesterolemia ( LDL receptor Achilles tendon xanthoma
signaling)
Fanconi anemia (genetic loss of DNA crosslink Short stature, cafe-au-lait spots, thumb/radial
repair; often progresses to AML) defects,  incidence of tumors/leukemia, aplastic
anemia
Fanconi syndrome (multiple combined dysfunction of Polyuria, renal tubular acidosis type II, growth
the proximal convoluted tubule) retardation,
electrolyte imbalances, hypophosphatemic rickets
Clostridium botulinum infection (floppy baby Flaccid paralysis in newborn after ingestion of honey
syndrome)
Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (due to host response to Fever, chills, headache, myalgia following antibiotic
sudden release of bacterial antigens) treatment for syphilis
Friedreich ataxia Staggering gait, frequent falls, nystagmus, hammer
toes, diabetes mellitus, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Gaucher disease (glucocerebrosidase [β- Hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia, osteoporosis,
glucosidase] deficiency) avascular necrosis of femoral head, bone crises
Guillain-Barre syndrome (acute inflammatory Rapidly progressive limb weakness that ascends
demyelinating polyneuropathy) following GI/upper respiratory infection
Gout/podagra (hyperuricemia) Sudden swollen/painful big toe joint, tophi
DIAGNOSIS /DISEASE CLINICAL PRESENTATION
Gardner syndrome (subtype of FAP) Multiple colon polyps, osteomas/soft tissue tumors,
impacted/supernumerary teeth
Homocystinuria (autosomal recessive) Arachnodactyly, pectus deformity, lens dislocation
(downward)
Hookworm (Ancylostoma spp, Necator americanus) Pruritus, serpiginous rash after walking barefoot
Child with fever later develops red rash on face that Erythema infectiosum/fifth disease (“slapped cheeks”
spreads to body appearance, caused by parvovirus B19)
Hyperthyroidism Heat intolerance, weight loss, palpitations
Hypothyroidism Cold intolerance, weight gain, brittle hair
Huntington disease (autosomal dominant CAG Chorea, dementia, caudate degeneration
repeat expansion)
Horner syndrome (sympathetic chain lesion) Ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (Osler-Weber- Telangiectasias, recurrent epistaxis, skin
Rendu syndrome) discoloration,
arteriovenous malformations, GI bleeding, hematuria
Immunoglobulin A vasculitis (Henoch-Schonlein Palpable purpura on buttocks/legs, joint pain,
purpura, affects skin and kidneys) abdominal pain (child), hematuria
Infective endocarditis Splinter hemorrhages in fingernails
Internuclear ophthalmoplegia (damage to MLF; may Conjugate horizontal gaze palsy, horizontal diplopia
be unilateral or bilateral)
Janeway lesions (infective endocarditis, septic Painless erythematous lesions on palms and soles
emboli/ microabscesses)
Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome
(meningococcemia)
Red “currant jelly” sputum in patients with alcohol Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia
overuse or diabetes
Kawasaki disease (mucocutaneous lymph node Cervical lymphadenopathy, desquamating rash,
syndrome, treat with IVIG and aspirin) coronary aneurysms, red conjunctivae and tongue,
hand-foot changes
Kaposi sarcoma, associated with HHV-8 Dark purple skin/mouth nodules in a patient with
AIDS
Kluver-Bucy syndrome (bilateral amygdala lesion) Babinski sign (UMN lesion)
Koplik spots (measles [rubeola] virus) Small, irregular red spots on buccal/lingual mucosa
with
blue-white centers
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (HGPRT deficiency, X-linked Gout, intellectual disability, self-mutilating behavior in
recessive) a boy
Erythema migrans from Ixodes tick bite (Lyme Large rash with bull’s-eye appearance
disease: Borrelia)
Lower GI bleeding (eg, colonic diverticulosis) Hematochezia
Lichen planus Kaposi sarcoma, associated with HHV-8
Lateral medullary (Wallenberg) syndrome (posterior Dysphagia, hoarseness,  gag reflex, nystagmus,
inferior cerebellar artery lesion) ipsilateral Horner syndrome
LMN damage Hyporeflexia, hypotonia, atrophy, fasciculations
LMN facial nerve (CN VII) palsy; UMN lesions spare Unilateral facial drooping involving forehead
the Forehead
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency (type 1; defective Late separation (>30 days) of umbilical cord, no pus,
LFA-1 integrin) recurrent skin and mucosal bacterial infections
Marfan syndrome (fibrillin defect) Arachnodactyly, lens dislocation (upward and
temporal), aortic dissection, hyperflexible joints
McCune-Albright syndrome (Gs-protein Cafe-au-lait spots (unilateral), polyostotic fibrous
dysplasia, precocious puberty, multiple endocrine
abnormalities
Muscular dystrophy (most commonly Duchenne, due Calf pseudohypertrophy
to X-linked recessive frameshift mutation of
dystrophin gene)
McArdle disease (skeletal muscle glycogen Chronic exercise intolerance with myalgia, fatigue,
phosphorylase painful cramps, myoglobinuria
deficiency)
DIAGNOSIS /DISEASE CLINICAL PRESENTATION
Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection Atypical "walking pneumonia" with x-ray looking
worse than the patient
Myxedema (caused by hypothyroidism, Graves Cutaneous/dermal edema due to deposition of
disease [pretibial]) mucopolysaccharides in connective tissue
MEN1 (autosomal dominant MEN1 mutation) Pancreatic, pituitary, parathyroid tumors
MEN2A (autosomal dominant RET mutation) Thyroid and parathyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma
MEN2B (autosomal dominant RET mutation) Thyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma,
ganglioneuromatosis, Marfanoid habitus
Mallory-Weiss syndrome (alcohol use disorder, Vomiting blood following gastroesophageal
bulimia nervosa) lacerations
Male child, recurrent infections, no mature B cells Bruton disease (X-linked agammaglobulinemia)
McBurney sign (acute appendicitis) Severe RLQ pain with deep tenderness
Mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma) or Skin patches/plaques, Pautrier microabscesses,
Sezary syndrome (mycosis fungoides + malignant atypical T cells
T cells in blood)
Multiple sclerosis Nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech,
bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia
Meniere disease Episodic vertigo, tinnitus, sensorineural hearing loss
Meigs syndrome Ovarian fibroma, ascites, pleural effusion
Measles Fever, cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, diffuse rash
Nonpainful, indurated: chancre (1° syphilis, Ulcerated genital lesion
Treponema pallidum) Painful, with exudate:
chancroid (Haemophilus ducreyi)
Neurosyphilis (Argyll Robertson pupil) Pupil accommodates but doesn’t react to light
Normal pressure hydrocephalus Urinary incontinence, gait apraxia, cognitive
dysfunction
Neurofibromatosis type I Cafe-au-lait spots, Lisch nodules (iris hamartoma),
cutaneous neurofibromas, pheochromocytomas,
optic gliomas
Nevus flammeus (benign, but associated with Sturge- Vascular birthmark (port-wine stain) of the face
Weber syndrome)
Nephrotic syndrome Periorbital and/or peripheral edema, proteinuria (>
3.5g/ day), hypoalbuminemia, hypercholesterolemia
Osteogenesis imperfecta (type I collagen defect) Blue sclera, multiple fractures, dental problems,
conductive hearing loss
Osler nodes (infective endocarditis, immune complex Painful, raised red lesions on pads of fingers/toes
deposition)
Osteitis deformans (Paget disease of bone,  Bone pain, bone enlargement, arthritis
osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity)
Osteoarthritis (osteophytes on PIP [Bouchard nodes], Swollen, hard, painful finger joints in an elderly
DIP [Heberden nodes]) individual, pain worse with activity
Patau syndrome (trisomy 13) Infant with cleft lip/palate, microcephaly or
holoprosencephaly, polydactyly, cutis aplasia
Phenylketonuria Intellectual disability, musty body odor,
hypopigmented skin, eczema
Pompe disease (lysosomal α-1,4-glucosidase Myopathy (infantile hypertrophic cardiomyopathy),
deficiency) exercise intolerance
Pott disease (vertebral TB) Back pain, fever, night sweats
Pasteurella multocida (cellulitis at inoculation site) Dog or cat bite resulting in infection (cellulitis,
osteomyelitis)
PDA (close with indomethacin; keep open with PGE Continuous “machinelike” heart murmur
analogs)
Primary polydipsia, diabetes insipidus (central, Polyuria (water diuresis), polydipsia
nephrogenic)
Plummer-Vinson syndrome (may progress to Dysphagia (esophageal webs), glossitis, iron
esophageal squamous cell carcinoma) deficiency anemia
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (inherited, benign polyposis Hamartomatous GI polyps, hyperpigmented macules
can cause bowel obstruction;  breast/GI cancer risk) on mouth, feet, hands, genitalia
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria Red/pink urine, fragile RBCs
DIAGNOSIS /DISEASE CLINICAL PRESENTATION
Platelet disorders (eg, Glanzmann thrombasthenia, Petechiae, mucosal bleeding, prolonged bleeding
Bernard Soulier, HUS, TTP, ITP, uremic platelet time
dysfunction)
Paget disease of the breast (sign of underlying Red, itchy, swollen rash of nipple/areola
neoplasm)
Parkinson disease (loss of dopaminergic neurons in Resting tremor, rigidity, akinesia, postural instability,
substantia nigra pars compacta) shuffling gait, micrographia
Peyronie disease (connective tissue disorder) Fibrous plaques in tunica albuginea of penis with
abnormal curvature
Pellagra (niacin [vitamin B3] deficiency) Dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea
Roth spots (infective endocarditis) Retinal hemorrhages with pale centers
Rovsing sign (acute appendicitis) Severe RLQ pain with palpation of LLQ
Raynaud phenomenon (vasospasm in extremities) Painful fingers/toes changing color from white to blue
to red with cold or stress
Recurrent cold (noninflamed)abscesses, eczema, Hyper-IgE syndrome (Job syndrome: neutrophil
high serum IgE, eosinophils chemotaxis abnormality)
Situs inversus, chronic ear infections, sinusitis, Primary ciliary dyskinesia or Kartagener syndrome
bronchiectasis, infertility (dynein arm defect affecting cilia)
Scurvy (vitamin C deficiency: can’t hydroxylate Swollen gums, mucosal bleeding, poor wound
proline/ healing,
lysine for collagen synthesis); tea and toast diet petechiae, corkscrew hairs
Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome Fever, vomiting, diarrhea, desquamating rash
following use of nasal pack or tampon
Scarlet fever (sandpaper rash); Kawasaki disease “Strawberry tongue”
(lymphadenopathy, high fever for 5 days)
Streptococcus bovis Colon cancer associated with infective endocarditis
Sheehan syndrome (severe postpartum hemorrhage No lactation postpartum, absent menstruation, cold
leading to pituitary infarction) Intolerance
Sjogren syndrome (autoimmune destruction of Dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis
exocrine glands)
Reactive arthritis associated with HLA-B27 Urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis in a male
Systemic lupus erythematosus “Butterfly” facial rash, arthritis, cytopenia, and fever in
a young female
Sarcoidosis (noncaseating granulomas) Bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis
Tay-Sachs (ganglioside accumulation; no “Cherry-red spots” on macula
hepatosplenomegaly); Niemann-Pick disease
(sphingomyelin accumulation; hepatosplenomegaly);
central retinal artery occlusion
Terminal complement deficiencies (C5-C9) Recurrent Neisseria infection
Turner syndrome (45,XO) Streak ovaries, congenital heart disease, horseshoe
kidney, cystic hygroma, short stature, webbed neck,
lymphedema
Trousseau sign (hypocalcemia) Carpal spasm upon inflation of BP cuff
Upper GI bleeding (eg, peptic ulcer disease) Hematemesis, melena
UMN damage Hyperreflexia, hypertonia, Babinski sign present
Vitamin B5 deficiency Burning feet syndrome
Vitamin K deficiency Hemorrhagic disease of newborn with  PT,  a PTT
Virchow node (abdominal metastasis) Enlarged, hard left supraclavicular node
von Hippel-Lindau disease (deletion of VHL on Renal cell carcinoma (bilateral),
chromosome 3p) hemangioblastomas,
angiomatosis, pheochromocytoma
Bilateral vestibular schwannomas Neurofibromatosis type II
Wernicke encephalopathy (add Confusion, ophthalmoplegia/nystagmus, ataxia
confabulation/memoryloss for Korsakoff syndrome)
Wet beriberi (thiamine [vitamin B1] deficiency) Dilated cardiomyopathy/high-output heart failure,
edema, alcoholism or malnutrition
DIAGNOSIS /DISEASE CLINICAL PRESENTATION
Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome Adrenal insufficiency, fever, DIC
(meningococcemia)
Whipple disease (Tropheryma whipplei) Arthralgias, adenopathy, cardiac and neurological
symptoms, diarrhea
Wilson disease (Kayser-Fleischer rings due to copper Golden brown rings around peripheral cornea
accumulation)
“Worst headache of my life” Subarachnoid hemorrhage
CLASSIC LABS / FINDINGS
DIAGNOSIS /DISEASE LAB /DIAGNOSTIC
FINDING
“Apple core” lesion on Colorectal cancer (usually
barium enema x-ray left-sided)

“Bamboo spine” on x-ray Ankylosing spondylitis

(chronic inflammatory
arthritis:
HLA-B27)

“Boot-shaped” heart on x- Tetralogy of Fallot (due to

ray RVH)
“Brown” tumor of bone Hyperparathyroidism or
osteitis fibrosa cystica
(deposited
hemosiderin from
hemorrhage gives brown
color)

“Chocolate cyst” of ovary Endometriosis (frequently

involves both ovaries)

“Delta wave” on ECG, short Wolff-Parkinson-White

PR interval, supraventricular syndrome (bundle of Kent
Tachycardia bypasses AV node)

“Hair on end” (“crew cut”) β-thalassemia, sickle cell

appearance on x-ray disease (marrow expansion)
“Honeycomb lung” on x-ray Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
or CT

“Lead pipe” appearance of Ulcerative colitis (loss of

colon on abdominal imaging haustra)

“Lumpy bumpy” appearance Poststreptococcal

of glomeruli on glomerulonephritis (due to
Immunofluorescence deposition
of IgG, IgM, and C3)

“Nutmeg” appearance of Chronic passive congestion

liver of liver due to right heart
failure or Budd-Chiari
syndrome
“Onion skin” periosteal Ewing sarcoma (malignant
reaction small blue cell tumor)

“Soap bubble” in femur or Giant cell tumor of bone

tibia on x-ray (generally benign)

“Spikes” on basement Membranous nephropathy

membrane, “domelike” (nephrotic syndrome)
subepithelial deposits

“Tennis racket”-shaped Birbeck granules

cytoplasmic organelles (EM) (Langerhans cell
in Langerhans cells histiocytosis) 442
“Thumb sign” on lateral neck Epiglottitis (Haemophilus
x-ray influenzae)

“Tram-track” appearance of Membranoproliferative

capillary loops of glomerular glomerulonephritis
basement membranes on
light microscopy

“Waxy” casts with very low Chronic end-stage renal

urine flow disease

“Wire loop” glomerular Diffuse proliferative

capillary appearance on glomerulonephritis (usually
light seen
Microscopy with lupus)
Absence seizures Ethosuximide

Acute gout attack NSAIDs, colchicine,

glucocorticoids

Acute promyelocytic All-trans retinoic acid,

leukemia (M3) arsenic trioxide

ADHD Methylphenidate,
amphetamines, behavioral
therapy,
atomoxetine, guanfacine,
clonidine
Alcohol use disorder Disulfiram, acamprosate,
naltrexone, supportive care

Alcohol withdrawal Long-acting benzodiazepines

Anorexia Nutrition, psychotherapy,

SSRIs

Anticentromere antibodies Limited scleroderma (CREST

syndrome)
Anti-desmoglein (anti- Pemphigus vulgaris
desmosome) antibodies

Anti–glomerular basement Goodpasture syndrome

membrane antibodies (glomerulonephritis and
hemoptysis)

Anti-GpIIb/IIIa antibodies Immune thrombocytopenia

Antihemidesmosome Bullous pemphigoid

antibodies
Anti-histone antibodies Anti-histone antibodies

Anti-IgG antibodies Rheumatoid arthritis

(systemic inflammation, joint
pannus, boutonniere and
swan neck deformities)

Antimitochondrial antibodies 1° biliary cholangitis (female,

(AMAs) cholestasis, portal
hypertension)

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic Microscopic polyangiitis,

antibodies (ANCAs) eosinophilic granulomatosis
with polyangiitis, and primary
sclerosing cholangitis
(MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA);
granulomatosis with
polyangiitis (PR3-ANCA/c-
ANCA)
DIAGNOSIS /DISEASE LAB /DIAGNOSTIC
FINDING

Antinuclear antibodies SLE (type III hypersensitivity)

(ANAs: anti-Smith and
antidsDNA)

Anti-smooth muscle Autoimmune hepatitis

antibodies (ASMAs), anti-
liver/kidney microsomal-1
(anti-LKM1) antibodies

Anti-topoisomerase Diffuse scleroderma

antibodies
Anti-transglutaminase/anti- Celiac disease (diarrhea,
gliadin/anti-endomysial weight loss)
antibodies

Arrhythmia in damaged Class IB antiarrhythmic

cardiac tissue (lidocaine, mexiletine)

Atypical lymphocytes, Infectious mononucleosis

heterophile antibodies (EBV infection)

Azurophilic peroxidase ⊕ Auer rods (APL)

granular inclusions in
granulocytes and
myeloblasts
Bacitracin response Sensitive: S pyogenes
(group A); resistant: S
agalactiae (group B)

Bacteria-covered vaginal “Clue cells” (Gardnerella

epithelial cells vaginalis)

Basophilic nuclear remnants Howell-Jolly bodies (due to

in RBCs splenectomy or nonfunctional
spleen)

Basophilic stippling of RBCs Lead poisoning or

sideroblastic anemia
Benign prostatic hyperplasia α1-antagonists, 5α-
reductase inhibitors, PDE-5
inhibitors,TURP

Bipolar disorder Mood stabilizers (eg, lithium,

valproate,
carbamazepine),atypical
antipsychotics

Bloody or yellow tap on Xanthochromia (due to

lumbar puncture subarachnoid hemorrhage)

Branching gram ⊕ rods with Actinomyces israelii

sulfur granules
Breast cancer in Aromatase inhibitor
postmenopausal woman (anastrozole)

Bronchogenic apical lung Pancoast tumor (can

tumor on imaging compress cervical
sympathetic chain
and cause Horner syndrome)

Buerger disease Smoking cessation

Bulimia nervosa Nutrition rehabilitation,

psychotherapy, SSRIs
Candida albicans Topical azoles (vaginitis);
nystatin, fluconazole,
caspofungin (oral);
fluconazole, caspofungin,
amphotericin B (esophageal
or systemic)

Carcinoid syndrome Octreotide, telotristat

symptom control

Cardiotoxicity from Dexrazoxane

anthracyclines Doxorubicin

Cellular crescents in Rapidly progressive

Bowman capsule (crescentic)
glomerulonephritis
Chediak-Higashi disease Sensitive: S pneumoniae;
(congenital failure of resistant: viridans
phagolysosome formation) streptococci (S mutans, S
sanguis)

Chlamydia trachomatis Azithromycin or doxycycline

(+ ceftriaxone for gonorrhea
coinfection), oral
erythromycin to treat
chlamydial
conjunctivitis in infants

Chronic gout Xanthine oxidase inhibitors

(eg, allopurinol, febuxostat)

Chronic hepatitis B or C IFN-α (HBV and HCV);

ribavirin, simeprevir,
sofosbuvir
(HCV)
Chronic myelogenous BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase
leukemia inhibitors (eg, imatinib)

Clostridioides difficile Oral vancomycin or

fidaxomicin Refractory
cases: repeat regimen or
fecal microbiota transplant

Clostridium botulinum Human botulinum

immunoglobulin

Clostridium tetani Antitoxin and wound

debridement
CMV Ganciclovir, foscarnet,
cidofovir

Colonies of Pseudomonas in Cystic fibrosis (autosomal

lungs recessive mutation in CFTR
gene  fat-soluble vitamin
deficiency and mucous
plugs)

Crohn disease Glucocorticoids, infliximab,

azathioprine

Cryptococcus neoformans Induction with amphotericin

B and flucytosine,
maintenance with
fluconazole (in AIDS
patients)
DIAGNOSIS /DISEASE LAB /DIAGNOSTIC
FINDING

Dabigatran reversal Idarucizumab

Depigmentation of neurons Parkinson disease (basal

in substantia nigra ganglia disorder: rigidity,
resting tremor, bradykinesia)

Depression SSRIs (first-line)

Desquamated epithelium Curschmann spirals
casts in sputum (bronchial asthma; can result
in
whorled mucous plugs)

Diabetes insipidus Desmopressin (central);

hydrochlorothiazide,
indomethacin, amiloride
(nephrogenic)

Diabetes mellitus type 1 Dietary intervention (low

carbohydrate) + insulin
Replacement

Diabetes mellitus type 2 Dietary intervention,

hypoglycemic agents, and
insulin (if refractory)
Diabetic Fluids, insulin, K+
ketoacidosis/hyperosmolar
hyperglycemic state

Dilated cardiomyopathy with Chagas disease

apical atrophy, megacolon, (Trypanosoma cruzi)
megaesophagus

Direct factor Xa inhibitor Andexanet alfa

reversal

Disarrayed granulosa cells Call-Exner bodies (granulosa

arranged around collections cell tumor of the ovary)
of eosinophilic fluid
Drug of choice for Low-molecular-weight
anticoagulation in heparin
pregnancy

Dysplastic squamous Koilocytes (HPV:

cervical cells with “raisinoid” predisposes to cervical
nuclei and hyperchromasia cancer)

Electrical alternans Cardiac tamponade

(alternating amplitude on
ECG)

Empty-appearing nuclei with “Orphan Annie” eyes nuclei

central clearing of thyroid (papillary carcinoma of the
cells thyroid)
Enterococci Vancomycin,
aminopenicillins/cephalospori
ns. VRE:
daptomycin, linezolid,
tigecycline, streptogramins

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic Mallory body (alcoholic liver

inclusion in liver cell disease)

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic Lewy body (Parkinson

inclusion in neuron disease and Lewy body
dementia)

Eosinophilic inclusion bodies Negri bodies of rabies

in cytoplasm of
hippocampal and cerebellar
neurons
ER/PR ⊕ breast cancer Tamoxifen

Erectile dysfunction Sildenafil

Ethylene glycol/methanol Fomepizole (alcohol

intoxication dehydrogenase competitive
inhibitor)

Extracellular amyloid Senile plaques (Alzheimer

deposition in gray matter of disease)
brain
Generalized anxiety disorder SSRIs, SNRIs (first line);
buspirone (second line)

Gestational Diabetes Dietary intervention and

exercise, add insulin (if
refractory to nutritional
therapy)

Giant B cells with bilobed Reed-Sternberg cells

nucleus with prominent (Hodgkin lymphoma)
inclusions (“owl’s eye”)

Giant cell arteritis High-dose glucocorticoids

Glomeruluslike structure Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk
surrounding vessel in sac tumor)
germ
Cells

Granular casts in urine Acute tubular necrosis (eg,

ischemia or toxic injury)

Granuloma with giant cells Aschoff bodies (rheumatic

after pharyngeal infection fever)
Granulomatosis with Cyclophosphamide,
polyangiitis glucocorticoids

Haemophilus influenzae (B) Amoxicillin } clavulanate

(mucosal infections),
ceftriaxone (meningitis),
rifampin (prophylaxis)

hCG elevated Multifetal gestation,

hydatidiform moles,
choriocarcinomas, Down
syndrome

Hemorrhagic cystitis from Mesna

cyclophosphamide/ifosfamid
e
Heparin reversal Protamine sulfate

HER2 ⊕ breast cancer Trastuzumab

DIAGNOSIS /DISEASE LAB /DIAGNOSTIC

FINDING

Hexagonal, double-pointed, Bronchial asthma (Charcot-

needlelike crystals in Leyden crystals: eosinophilic
bronchial secretions granules)
High level of d-dimers DVT, DIC

Hilar lymphadenopathy, Ghon complex (1° TB:

peripheral granulomatous Mycobacterium bacilli)
lesion in middle or lower
lung lobes (can calcify)

HIV pre-exposure Tenofovir + emtricitabine

prophylaxis

Hyperaldosteronism Spironolactone
Hypercholesterolemia Statin (first-line)

Hypersegmented Megaloblastic anemia

neutrophils (vitamin B12 deficiency:
neurologic symptoms; folate
deficiency: no neurologic
symptoms)

Hypertension, hypokalemia, 1° hyperaldosteronism (eg,

metabolic alkalosis Conn syndrome)

Hypertriglyceridemia Fibrate
Hypochromic, microcytic Iron deficiency anemia, lead
anemia poisoning, thalassemia (fetal
hemoglobin sometimes
present)

Immediate anticoagulation Immediate anticoagulation

Infertility Leuprolide, GnRH (pulsatile),

clomiphene

Influenza Oseltamivir, zanamivir

Iron-containing nodules in Ferruginous bodies
alveolar septum (asbestosis: • chance of lung
cancer)

Kawasaki disease IVIG, aspirin

Keratin pearls on a skin Squamous cell carcinoma

biopsy

Large granules in Chediak-Higashi disease

phagocytes, (congenital failure of
immunodeficiency phagolysosome formation)
Legionella pneumophila Macrolides (eg,
azithromycin) or
fluoroquinolones

Linear appearance of IgG Goodpasture syndrome

deposition on glomerular
and
alveolar basement
membranes

Long-term anticoagulation Warfarin, dabigatran, direct

factor Xa inhibitors

Low serum ceruloplasmin Wilson disease

(hepatolenticular
degeneration; Kayser-
Fleischer rings due to copper
accumulation)
Lytic (“punched-out”) bone Multiple myeloma
lesions on x-ray

Malaria Chloroquine, mefloquine

(chloroquine resistant
cases),
atovaquone/proguanil,
primaquine (for liver
hypnozoite)

Malignant hyperthermia Dantrolene

Mammary gland (“blue Fibrocystic change of the

domed”) cyst breast
Medical abortion Mifepristone

Migraine Abortive therapies (eg,

sumatriptan, NSAIDs);
prophylaxis(eg, propranolol,
topiramate, anti-CGRP
antibodies,amitriptyline)

Migratory thrombophlebitis Trousseau syndrome

(leading to migrating DVTs (adenocarcinoma of
and vasculitis) pancreas)

Monoclonal spike on serum Multiple myeloma (usually

protein electrophoresis IgG or IgA)
Waldenstrom
macroglobulinemia (IgM)
Monoclonal gammopathy of
undetermined significance
Mucin-filled cell with “Signet ring” cells (diffuse
peripheral nucleus gastric carcinoma)

Multiple sclerosis Disease-modifying therapies

(eg, β-interferon,
glatiramer,natalizumab,
alemtuzumab, rituximab); for
acute flares,use IV steroids

Mycobacterium tuberculosis RIPE (rifampin, isoniazid,

pyrazinamide, ethambutol)

Myelosuppression from Leucovorin

methotrexate
Narrowing of bowel lumen “String sign” (Crohn disease)
on barium x-ray

DIAGNOSIS /DISEASE LAB /DIAGNOSTIC

FINDING

Narrowing of upper trachea Croup (parainfluenza virus)

and subglottis (Steeple sign)
on x-ray

Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) Granulomatosis with

and necrotizing polyangiitis (PR3-ANCA/c-
Glomerulonephritis ANCA)
and Goodpasture syndrome
(anti–basement membrane
antibodies)
Needle-shaped, ⊝ Gout (monosodium urate
birefringent crystals crystals)

Neisseria gonorrhoeae Ceftriaxone (add

azithromycin or doxycycline
to cover
likely concurrent C
trachomatis)

Neisseria meningitidis Penicillin/ceftriaxone,

rifampin/ciprofloxacin/ceftriax
one
(prophylaxis)

Nephrotoxicity from platinum Amifostine

compounds
Neural tube defect Prenatal folic acid
prevention

Nodular hyaline deposits in Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules

glomeruli (diabetic nephropathy)

Novobiocin response Sensitive: S epidermidis;

resistant: S saprophyticus

Osteomalacia/rickets Vitamin D supplementation

Osteoporosis Calcium/vitamin D
supplementation
(prophylaxis);
bisphosphonates, PTH
analogs, SERMs, calcitonin,
denosumab (treatment)

Patent ductus arteriosus Close with NSAIDs (eg,

indomethacin, ibuprofen) or
acetaminophen; keep open
with PGE analogs

Pheochromocytoma α-antagonists (eg,

phenoxybenzamine) then β-
blockers)

Pneumocystis jirovecii TMP-SMX (prophylaxis and

treatment in
immunosuppressed patients,
CD4 < 200/mm3),
pentamidine, dapsone,
atovaquone
Podocyte fusion or Minimal change disease
“effacement” on electron (child with nephrotic
microscopy syndrome)

Prolactinoma Bromocriptine (dopamine

agonists)

Prostate adenocarcinoma Flutamide, GnRH

(continuous), degarelix,
ketoconazole

Protein aggregates in Neurofibrillary tangles

neurons from (Alzheimer disease) and Pick
hyperphosphorylation bodies (Pick disease)
of tau protein
Psammoma bodies Meningiomas, papillary
thyroid carcinoma,
mesothelioma, papillary
serous carcinoma of the
endometrium and ovary

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Piperacillin-tazobactam,

cephalosporins (3rd/4th gen),
monobactams,
fluoroquinolones,
carbapenems

Pseudopalisading Glioblastoma multiforme

pleomorphic tumor cells on
brain Biopsy

Pulmonary arterial Sildenafil, bosentan,

hypertension (idiopathic) epoprostenol, iloprost
Raised periosteum (creating Aggressive bone lesion (eg,
a “Codman triangle”) osteosarcoma, Ewing
sarcoma)

RBC casts in urine Glomerulonephritis

Rectangular, crystal-like, Reinke crystals (Leydig cell

cytoplasmic inclusions in tumor)
Leydig cells

Recurrent infections, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome

eczema, thrombocytopenia
Recurrent UTI prophylaxis TMP-SMX

Rhomboid crystals, ⊕ Pseudogout (calcium

birefringent pyrophosphate dihydrate
crystals)

Rib notching (inferior Coarcation of aorta

surface, on x-ray)

Rickettsia rickettsii Doxycycline,

chloramphenicol
Ring-enhancing brain lesion Toxoplasma gondii
on CT/MRI in AIDS (multiple), CNS lymphoma
(may be solitary)

Schizophrenia Atypical antipsychotics

DIAGNOSIS /DISEASE LAB /DIAGNOSTIC

FINDING

Sheets of medium-sized Burkitt lymphoma (t[8:14] c-

lymphoid cells with scattered myc activation, associated
pale, tingible body–laden with EBV; “starry sky” made
macrophages (“starry sky” up of malignant cells)
histology)
Sheets of uniform “fried egg” Dysgerminoma
cells,  hCG,  LDH

SIADH Fluid restriction, IV

hypertonic saline, tolvaptan,
Demeclocycline

Sickle cell disease Hydroxyurea ( fetal

hemoglobin)

Silver-staining spherical Pick bodies (frontotemporal

aggregation of tau proteins dementia: progressive
in dementia, changes in
Neurons personality)
Small blue cells surrounding Homer-Wright rosettes
central area of neurophil (neuroblastoma,
medulloblastoma)

Sporothrix schenckii Itraconazole, oral potassium

iodide (only for cutaneous/
lymphocutaneous)

Stable angina Sublingual nitroglycerin

Stacks of RBCs Rouleaux formation (high

ESR, multiple myeloma)
Staphylococcus aureus MSSA: nafcillin, oxacillin,
dicloxacillin
(antistaphylococcal
penicillins); MRSA:
vancomycin,
daptomycin, linezolid,
ceftaroline

Streptococcus bovis Penicillin prophylaxis;

evaluation for colon cancer if
linked to infective
endocarditis

Streptococcus pneumoniae Penicillin/cephalosporin

(systemic infection,
pneumonia),
vancomycin (meningitis)

Streptococcus pyogenes Penicillin

Thousands of polyps on Familial adenomatous
colonoscopy polyposis (autosomal
dominant, mutation of APC
gene)

Thrombi made of white/red Lines of Zahn (arterial

layers thrombus, layers of
platelets/RBCs)

Thyroidlike appearance of Chronic pyelonephritis

kidney (usually due to recurrent
infections)

Tonic-clonic seizures Levetiracetam, phenytoin,

valproate, carbamazepine
Toxoplasma gondii Sulfadiazine +
pyrimethamine

Treponema pallidum Penicillin G

Trichomonas vaginalis Metronidazole (patient and

partner[s])

Trigeminal neuralgia (tic Carbamazepine

douloureux)
Triglyceride accumulation in Fatty liver disease (alcoholic
liver cell vacuoles or metabolic syndrome)

Ulcerative colitis 5-ASA preparations (eg,

mesalamine), 6-
mercaptopurine,infliximab,
colectomy

Uterine fibroids Leuprolide, GnRH

(continuous)

Warfarin reversal Vitamin K (slow) +/– fresh

frozen plasma or
prothrombin complex
concentrate (rapid)
WBC casts in urine Acute pyelonephritis,
transplant rejection,
tubulointerstitial inflammation

WBCs that look “smudged” CLL 

 AFP in amniotic Dating error, anencephaly,

fluid/maternal serum spina bifida (open neural
tube defects)

 serum homocysteine,  Vitamin B12 deficiency

methylmalonic acid,  folate
 uric acid levels Gout, Lesch-Nyhan
syndrome, tumor lysis
syndrome,
loop and thiazide diuretics

β-hCG,  PAPP-A on Down syndrome

first trimester screening

 T cells,  PTH,  Ca2+, Thymic aplasia (DiGeorge

absent thymic shadow on syndrome, velocardiofacial
CXR syndrome)

AFP in amniotic Down syndrome, Edwards

fluid/maternal serum syndrome
Anatomy INICET PYQ Topics
1 Circle of Willis

2 Types of cartilage
3 Muscles of larynx
4 Cerebrum cut section spotter, coronal section of brain spotter
5 Muscles of mastication spotter
6 Reticular fibres of collagen
7 Foramen in skull spotter ,structure passing through skull
foramina
8 Types of joints ,classification of synovial joints, fibrous joints
9 Corpus callosum spotter
10 Types of glands
11 Cvs embryology foramen and lesser sac
12 Relations of epiploic foramen and lesser sac
13 H/P section of cerebellum and it’s nuclei
14 Cerebellar circuit ,layers ,cells of cerebellum
15 Muscles of abdomen, conjoint tendon spotter
16 Pharyngeal pouch derivatives
17 Nerve injuries also written in ortho
18 Pelvic diaphragm
19 Cerebrum and broadman’s area ,aphasia
20 Supracondylar humerus # and nerve injuries also written in
ortho
21 Cranial nerves/ origin spotters/ cut section of brain/foramina
related to it
22 Azygos system of veins
23 Muscles of gluteal region
24 Palmar nd dorsal interossei
25 Brachial Plexus
26 Relations of Kidney,stomach, liver all organs of abdomen
27 Pterion spotter
28 Deep cervical fascia
29 Carotid sheath and triangle of neck
30 Muscle attachment of femur
31 Blood supply of tonsils
32 Internal iliac artery branches
33 Spermatogenesis
34 NCC derivatives

Physiology INICET PYQ Topics

1
Tetanization and graphs related to muscle fibre
2 Hormones of git
3 O2 dissociation curve
4 Pulmonary compliance and also its graph
5 Function oh Golgi tendon organ
6 Feed forward control system
7
Cellular junction in cardiac muscle
8
Membrane potential
9 JVP
10 Poiseuille’s law
11
GFR
12 Baroreceptor
13 Darrow yannet diagram
14
Secondary active transport
15
Hormones acting on the pancreas
16
Creatinine clearance

Mechanism of action of hormones

17 Skeletal muscle - dihydropyridine and ryanodine receptor
18 Baroreceptor
19
Action potential in skeletal muscle
20 Cardiac cycle
21 Volume pressure diagram during cardiac cycle
22 High altitude
23 GLUT transport

Biochemistry INICET PYQ Topics

1 Kerbs cycle /TCA cycle
2 DNA replication
3 Glycogen storage disorder
4 Post translational modification
5 Starvation state test ( rothera’s test
6 Glycogenolysis
7 Gluconeogenesis
8 Cofactor/coenzyme
9 Thiamine def and all other vitamins super important
10 Glycolysis
11 Urea cycle disorder
12 Epigenetics
13 DNA methylation
14 Insulin/glucagon ratio in various metabolic processes
15 PKU
16 Fed/fast all details
17 RNA based techniques
18 Respiratory quotient
19 CRISPR-Cas9
20 RNAi
21 ETC component and inhibitors
22 Michaelis menten kinectics
23 Lysosomal storage disorder
24 Human genome project
25 Cystic fibrosis
26 Inhibitors of etc,tca,oxidative phosphorylation

Micro INICET PYQ Topics

1 Hept virus- most imp Hept B,Hept A
2 Cornyebacteria
3 AIDS and opportunistic infections
4 Plasmodium falciparum ,vivax, ovale

5
Paul bunnell test
6 Sterilisation and disinfectant
7 M.Tb
8 Aspergillosis
9 Chromblastomycosis
10 Pneumocystis jiroveci
11 Histoplasma capsultum
12 Nocardia
13
Zika fever and virus
14 H.nana
15 E.coli
16 Influenza virus
17
Syphillis nd darkfield microscopy
18 N.gonorrhoea

19 Echinococcus
20 Xenodiagnostic method

21 SARS cov 2

22 Formalin ether sedimentation technique

23
Scrub typhus

24 Actinomycetes and treatment ,cervicofacial actinomycosis

25
Parvovirus and it’s manifestations
26 Gram negative positive cell wall
27 Dematiaceous fungus
28 Rotavirus
29 Spirochtes and jarish herxheimer rtn

Pathology-
1 Membranous nephropathy
2 Urinary cast – maltese cross

General pathology
1 T helper cells types and differences
2 Apoptosis
3 Types of calcification
4 Flowcytometry – hyper lgM syndrome
5 Immunodeficiency disorder
6 Anaphylactoid reaction
7 Cytokins and interleukin
8 Hypersensitivity types
9 Tumor suppressor genes and growth factor receptor and
associated tumours and oncogene – associated cancer tables
10 Graft vs host disease
11 Wiskott aldrich syndrome

Patho+Medicine INICET PYQ Topics

1 Mitral stenosis
2 Heart failure management
3 SVT/PSVT/VT management
4 JVP
5 Hypertension drugs
6 NSTEMI
7 Mi dx
8 Atrial fibrillation

Hematology
Pathology-
1 Staining and fixation –sweet reticulum stain, acetone free
methanol used in fixation,staining techniques and cell/inclusion
stained complete list
2 Iron deficiency anemia
3 AML/ALL/CML/SLL/CLL
4 Polycythemia
5 Multiple meloma
6 NLPHL
7 NHL/HL
8 Storage of blood- CDPA
9 Extrinsic and intrinsic Pathway
10 Mantle cell lymphoma and other lymphoma too
11 Blood component – storage temperature
12 Vaccutainers and use
13 Iron absorption
14 TACO
15 Blood transfusion reaction
16 Bone marrow biopsy needle
17 G6pd deficiency
18 Thromboelastography
19 LCH- birbeck granules and whole topic
20 Blood transfusion screening
21 Corrected reticulocyte count

Rheumatology /Bone
Pathology
1 SLE

Endocrine
Pathology
1 Cancer of thyroid proto-oncogene
2 Acromegaly

Respiratory
Pathology-
1 Asbestosis
2 Covid 19
3 Cystic fibrosis
4 SCC lung

Pharmacology INICET PYQ Topics

2014-2022 nov pyq . Highlighted ones are repeated
1 First order kinetics
2 Classification of opioids receptors
3 Anti arrhythmic drugs
4
Division of ceftriaxone drug
5
Atropine
6 Lithium , lithium in pregnancy
7 Carbamazepine
8
DM drugs
9 Seizure drugs
10
Plasm concentration calculation
11 Insulin
12 Cvs effects of sympathomimetics
13 Drug regulatory schedule
14 Anticoagulant
15 GPCR
16 Misbranded drugs
17 Plasma concentration vs time graph
18 Bioavailability
19
Malaria drugs
20 HIV drugs
21 Anti-TB drugs
22
Cholingeric drugs
23 Non-competitive and competitive inhibitors
24
Beta blocker
25 Thiazide diuretics
26
Organophosphate poisoning
27 Gout drugs
28 IOP glaucoma drugs
29 5HT4
30 Anti microbial- tedizolid
31 Anti fungal
32 Covid 19 drugs
33 Migraine drugs
34
Disulfiram
35 Asthma management
36
Local Anesthesia also written in Anesthesia
37 Adrenaline- in cardiac arrest,anaphylaxis,la
38 Atypical antipsychotics
39 Thiazide diuretic
40
Drug interactions
41 Dose response curve
42
Teratogenic/essential drugs
43 Breast Ca drugs
44 Beta lactam antibiotics
45 Valproate
46
Urine alkalisation
47 Clinical trials
48 Statin
49
Antiplaltelet drugs
50
Losartan
51 Anti glaucoma drugs

FMT INICET PYQ Topics

1 IPC- 85,193,criminal act 2013 consent age of sexual
offences,316,92 (doctrine of anticipation),IPC269
2 Toxicology-cannabis,white oleander,conium maculatum
,kerosene,st Anthony fire referes
to poisoning by - ergot,nicotine, arsenic,ethylene
glycol,aconite,cocaine,belladonna ,iron
toxicity , argemone Mexicans,nerium odorum,papver
somniferum,,datutra,ricinus,digitalis
purpurea,calotropis ,organophosphate poisoning ,phosphorus
,methanol
3 Animal based toxo- viper ,krait bite,management of snake bite
4 Common popular names of toxins matche the following-
cocaine,lsd,abrus
5 Classical hanging ,judicial hanging site of knot
6 Eonism
7 Ossification of bones nd age of fusion nd interpretation of X-ray
for age determination
8 MTP act
9 McNaughten rule
10 Marbling/lividity of death/mummification/adipocere
11 Early late post-mortem changes
12 Skull traits male female
13 POCSO act
14 Laceration image, split lacerations
15 Drowning - sea nd freshwater
16 Durham/ curren/murphy/Ashley
17 Antemortem and postmortem hanging
18 Res IPsa loquitur

PSM INICET PYQ Topics

1 Biomedical waste disposal
2 P value
3 Triage
4 Null hypothesis/type 1 and type 2 errors/alpha and beta error
5 VVM
6 NLEP
7 Multi drug therapy for treatment of leprosy
8 Calories recommended in pregnancy
9 NIS
10 ARR/RRR
11 Incidence and prevalence
12 Sensitivity and specificity
13 Chi square test
14 Timeline of natural history of disease
15 WHO guidelines for post exposure prophylaxis regimen in HIV
16 Anemia Mukth Bharath initiative
17 Types of vaccines live,killed, toxoid,polysaccharide
18 Post exposure prophylaxis for tetanus
19 Test of significance
20 HIV/AIDS and health program
21 Sentinel surveillance of HIV
22 Mass prophylaxis/Rx for anemia
23 Meta analysis in research
24 Measure of central tendency,dispersion, position all examples
25 Correlation (Biostatistics)
26 Correlation coefficient
27 Positive nd negative skewed data
28 Biostatistics 56. Negative predictive value
29 Cohort and epidemiological studies,case/control studies
30 Blinding
31 Odds ratio
32 Rabies vaccines and immunoglobulins schedules
33 Levels of prevention
34 Dengue warning signs
35 NVBDCP and treatment of malaria
36 Disaster management
37 Mean,mode,median
38 Period of isolation of selected disease
39 Mid day meal programme
40 ATT regimen and NTEP
41 STI kits colours
42 RCT
43 Verbal autopsy report most common cause of death,neonatal
mortality causes
44 Histogram and other graphs
45 Measles
46 Confidence interval
47 DPT vaccine

Pediatrics INICET PYQ Topics

1
Dehydration
2 TORCH infection
3 Chromosomal and karyotyping
4
Milestones
5 PKU
6 Jaundice
7 Height wt changes in children
8 APGAR
9 Pneumonia
10
Congenital heart disease
11 Meningitis
12 Newborn resuscitation
13 JME
14 West syndrome
15 Neonatal seizure
16
Glycogen and lysosomal disorders
17 Pattern of inheritance (ad/ar,pedigree,mendal)
18 Silverman anderson score( Aiims neonatal baby package on
YouTube)
19
Asthma and spirometer
20
SAM
21 Vaccines
22
Thalessemia
23
KMC
24
LBW
25
Breast feeding
26
PALS

Psychiatry INICET PYQ Topics

1 OCD and management
2 Sleep and polysommography
3 Memory test and forms
4 Delusion of grandiosity and persecution
5 Personality disorder
6 Delirium tremens
7 Ssri s/e
8 Korsakoff syndrome

Surgery INICET PYQ Topics

1 Neurogenic shock
2 Etiology of pancreatitis ,management
3 Breast cancer Investigation ,follow up pts after Rx,

mammography,management,locally advanced breast

cancer ,hormonal therapy , inflammatory carcinoma

,frozen section of breast ca,FISH interpretion of Her2/neu,

genetic counselling nd testing for genetic mutations

,BIRADS,triple assessment,c/I for breast conservative sx

4
ATLS
5
During inguinal hernia operation nerve involved
6 Acute appendicitis and it’s signs
7 Southampton grading
8
Chest tube
9 Obstructive jaundice
10 Thyroid Cancer
11 I/V cannula also written in Anesthesia
12 Foleys catheter
13 Triage
14 Psoas abscess
15 Bile duct injury management
16 Triangle of Doom
17 Tension pneumothorax
18 Ryle’s tube
19 Thyroid storm
20 GCS
21 Achalasia cardia
22 Thymoma
23 qSOFA
24
SIRS
25 Variceal bleeding management
26
Pneumoperitoneum- veress neddle spotter
27 Nerve injured in thyroid sx
28 Colon ca
29
Bile duct injury classification
30 CEAP
31 CHPS
32 Pneumoperitoneum management
33 Hollow viscus perforation X-ray
34 PUV
35
RTA management
36
Appendectomy

Anesthesia INICET PYQ Topics

1 Critical care ventilator normal setting and values like peep , tv,
fio2nov Inicet 2022)
2 Cannulation
3 BLS
4 Local Anesthesia
5 Oxygen delivery system
6 Entdotrachel intubation
7 HFNC
8 Pre anesthestic drugs-glycopyyrolate
9 Venous air embolism
10 Local Anesthesia toxicity
11 Capnography
12 Cylinder nd pipeline
13 Airway management

OBGY INICET PYQ Topics

1 Management of second stage of labor
2 Parameter of male infertility
3 Emergency contraception
4 Bishop score
5 Triple test
6 Partogram
7 Pap smear
8 Pregnancy induced hypertension
9 HPV vaccine
10 Rh D negative mother management
11
Evaluation of amenorrhea
12 Trichomonas vaginalis treatment
13 CIN management
14 Vulval ca
15 Fibroid management
16 Semen analysis
17 CTG
18 Pretern labor management
19 OCP
20 Irreversible method of contraception
21 GDM
22 MgSo4
23 HRT
24 Bacterial vaginosis
25 Screening of ca cervix
26 Infertility in females
27 Fetal biophysical profile
28 PCOD treatment
29 AMTSL

30 Secondary amenorrhea causes

31 Ovarian tumor
32 PPH
33 AUB management
31 MTP
ENT INICET PYQ Topics
1 Audiometry-otosclerosis
2 Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma
3 Kisselbach plexus
4 Epistaxis management
5 Nystagmus
6 BPPV
7 ICA branches nd ECA branches
8 Nerves of larynx
9 Objective test for hearing
10 Auditory pathway
11 Mucormycosis
12 Laryngeal ca staging
13 Tympanometry curve
14 Sinusitis treatment prvs fess done

Opthal INICET PYQ Topics

1 Optic tract defect
2 Diabetic retinopathy
3
3/4/6 nerve palsy
4 Refractive error
5
Pterygium
6 Drusen spotter
7 Retina layers
8 Congenital glaucoma
9 NMO
10 IOL
11 Refractive error testing
12
Marcus Gunn pupil
13
POAG
14 Retinoblastoma
15
SAFE for trachoma
16 Cataract sx
17 Follicular conjunctivitis
18 Optic neuritis
19
Test in opthal match the following
20 Keratoconus

Ortho INICET PYQ Topics

1 TB spine
2 Tumor in ortho
3
Osteoporosis
4
Supra condylar
5 Compartment syndrome
6 Fat embolism
7 Recurrent dislocation of shoulder
8 Neck of femur
9 Thomas test
10
Rickets
11 Osteomyelitis- involucrum,cloacae,sequestrum ,ring sequestrum
12
Osteoarthritis
13 Ankylosing spondylitis
14 Chondroblastoma
15
Ant/post dislocation of hip
16 Colle’s
17 Open
18 Ulnar nerve injury image and test
19
Axonotmesis, seddon’s classification of nerve injury
20 Galeazzi

Medicine
1 Hypothyroidism
2 Grave’s disease
3 DM drugs,screening of DM
4 Vitamin D toxicity
5 MEN syndrome

Medicine
1 DIC
2 Haemophilia

Infections
Medicine-
1 Doc for scrub typhus
2 Infection post organ transplant
3 ATT and ART
4 AIDS defining malignancy
5 HIV and prophylaxis for various organisms

Neurology
1 GBS –myelinated axon electron microscope appearance spotter

Medicine-
1 Parkinson –Paralysis
2 Thrombolysis stroke and management
3 Ischemic stroke and management
4 CSF finding in meningitis
5 Central pontine myelinolysis
6 Anti epileptic drugs
7 Spinal card tracts and localization of lesions
8 Neuromyelitis optica
9 Lateral medullary syndrome
10 Types of headache
11 Seizure
12 Clinical examination for umn lesion ,babinski sign spotter
13 Internal capsule, types of lacunar syndrome

Medicine-
1 ATT ,role of pyridoxine
2 Flow volume curve
3 CAP
4 Pleural effusion
5 PFT of obstructive and restrictive
6 FEV1/FVC
Core medicine topics
1 Electrolytes imbalance- hypo/hyperkalemia ,
hyper/hypocalcemia, hyponatremia
2 ABG
3 Anion gap

Nephrology
Medicine-
1 AKL and it’s criteria

Liver/git
1 Esophageal Cancer –SCC, AdenoCa
2 Barrett esophagus
3 Celiac disease
4 Peutz- jeghers syndrome

Medicine-
1 Concept of SAAG
2 Hepatitis A,B most important, remote infection of hep
b,serology of hept b

Breast/male/female reproductive
1 BRCA 1/her 2 neu etc
2 Klinefelter syndrome

Derma INICET PYQ Topics

1 Pemphigus vulgaris also it’s h/p ( can read rest other types)
2 Fixed drug eruptions
3 Tinea and alopecia and dermatophytosis
4 Leprosy and lepra reaction and NLEP program
5 Chicken gunya skin changes
6 Acne vulgaris
7 STD and STD kits along with spotter
8 Psoriasis nd impetigo herptiformis and doc for various psoriasis
9 Herpes zoster
10 Juvenile dermatomyosisits
11 Basal cell carcinoma

Derma Pathology
1 Immunofluorescence of pemphigus vulgaris
2 Molluscum contagiosum

Radiology INICET PYQ Topics

1 FDG PET
2 Primary hypothyroidism - sestamibi scan
3 Pneumothorax
4 Renal angiomyolipoma
5 Pneumoperitoneum
6 EDH
7 Air bronchogram
8 Sea shore sign
9 NCC
10 Diaphragmatic hernia
11 Achalasia cardia
12 Sigmoid volvulus