Trigonometric Identities for all Competitive Exams By Shubham Jain (RBE)

(SSC, Railway, UPSC etc.)

Quotient Identities

𝒔𝒊𝒏∅ 𝒄𝒐𝒔∅
𝐓𝐚𝐧∅=𝒄𝒐𝒔∅ , 𝐂𝐨𝐭∅ = 𝒔𝒊𝒏∅

Reciprocal Identities
𝟏
𝐂𝐨𝐭∅=
𝒕𝒂𝒏∅

𝟏
Cos𝒆𝒄∅=𝒔𝒊𝒏∅

𝟏
sec∅=𝒄𝒐𝒔∅

Pythagorean Identities

Sin2∅+Cos2∅=1 √𝟑 /𝟏
Sin 15 = = cos 75
𝟐√𝟐
2 2
Tan ∅+1=sec ∅
√𝟑 0𝟏
2 2
Sin 75 = 𝟐√𝟐
= cos 15
1+Cot ∅=Cosec ∅
√𝟓 /𝟏
Trigonometric functions in First Quadrant Sin 18 = 𝟒
= cos 72
(0<∅ < 𝟗𝟎)
√𝟓 0𝟏
𝝅 Sin 54= = cos 36
(in radian) = 90 (in degrees) 𝟒
𝟐

𝝅 Tan 15 = 𝟐 − √𝟑 = cot 75
𝐂𝐨𝐬 1 − ∅5 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏∅
𝟐
Tan 75 = 𝟐 + √𝟑 = cot 15
𝝅
𝐒𝐢𝐧 1 − ∅5 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔∅
𝟐 Sin 36 =
3𝟏𝟎/𝟐√𝟓
= cos 54
𝟒
𝝅
𝐂𝐨𝐭 1 − ∅5 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏∅
𝟐 Sin 72 =
3𝟏𝟎0𝟐√𝟓
= cos 18
𝟒
𝝅
𝐓𝐚𝐧 1 − ∅5 = 𝒄𝒐𝒕∅
𝟐 3𝟐/√𝟐
Sin 22.5 = 𝟐
= cos 67.5
𝝅
𝐂𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐜 1 − ∅5 = 𝒔𝒆𝒄∅
𝟐
𝝅
𝐬𝐞𝐜 1 − ∅5 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄∅ Important Pythagorean Triplets
𝟐

Course Enquiry
Cosec (270+∅)=-Sec∅

Cosec (360-∅)=-Cosec∅

Cos(90-∅)=Sin∅

Cos (90+∅)=-Sin∅

Cos(180-∅)=-Cos∅

Cos(180+∅)=-Cos∅

Cos(270-∅)=-Sin∅

Cos(270+∅)=Sin∅

Cos(360-∅)=Cos∅

sec(90-∅)=Cosec∅
Value of Trigonometric Ratios in different
sec (90+∅)=-Cosec∅
Quadrants
sec (180-∅)=-sec∅
Sin(90-∅)=Cos∅
sec (180+∅)=-sec∅
Sin(90+∅)=Cos∅
sec (270-∅)=-Cosec∅
Sin(180-∅)=Sin∅
sec (270+∅)=Cosec∅
Sin(180+∅)=-Sin∅
sec (360-∅)=sec∅
Sin(270-∅)=-Cos∅

Sin(270+∅)=-Cos∅

Sin(360-∅)=-Sin∅

𝐒𝐢𝐧(−∅) = −𝒔𝒊𝒏∅
CoSec(90-∅)=Sec∅
𝐂𝐨𝐬(−∅) = 𝒄𝒐𝒔∅
Cosec (90+∅)=Sec∅
𝐓𝐚𝐧(−∅) = −𝒕𝒂𝒏∅
Cosec (180-∅)=Cosec∅
𝐂𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐜(−∅) = −𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄∅
Cosec (180+∅)=-Cosec∅
𝐬𝐞𝐜(−∅) = 𝒔𝒆𝒄∅
Cosec (270-∅)=-Sec∅

Course Enquiry
𝐂𝐨𝐭(−∅) = −𝒄𝒐𝒕∅ (𝒙𝟐 /𝟏)
(iii) cot𝜽=
𝟐𝒙
Important Relations (types)
Q) Sec𝜽+Tan𝜽=x, then
P SinA + B CosA = H
(i) Sec𝜽-Tan𝜽 = 1/x
H SecA - P TanA = B
(𝒙𝟐 0𝟏)
(ii) Sec𝜽 =
𝟐𝒙
H CosecA - B CotA = P
(𝒙𝟐 /𝟏)
Criss- Cross Relation (iii) Tan𝜽=
𝟐𝒙

If sinA + cosA =x, then

sinA – cosA = ±√𝟐 − 𝒙𝟐 Q) cosec𝜽-cot𝜽=x, then

(i) cosec𝜽+ cot𝜽 = 1/x

cosA – sinA = ∓√𝟐 − 𝒙𝟐
(𝒙𝟐 0𝟏)
𝑰𝒇 𝒂 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝑨 + 𝒃 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝑨 = 𝒄, (ii) cosec𝜽 = 𝟐𝒙
𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒃 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝑨 − 𝒂 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝑨 = = 𝒅,
/(𝒙𝟐 /𝟏)
2 2 2 2
(iii) cot𝜽=
Then a + b = c + d 𝟐𝒙

If (a sec𝜽 – b tan𝜽= c, b sec𝜽 - a tan𝜽= d) Q) Sec𝜽-Tan𝜽=x, then

Or (a sec𝜽 – b tan𝜽= c, a tan𝜽 − b sec𝜽= d) (i) Sec𝜽+Tan𝜽 = 1/x

(𝒙𝟐 0𝟏)
Or (a sec𝜽 + b tan𝜽= c, b sec𝜽 + a tan𝜽= d) (ii) Sec𝜽 = 𝟐𝒙

Then a2 - b2 = c2 - d2 (𝒙𝟐 /𝟏)

(iii) Tan𝜽= - 𝟐𝒙
If (a Cosec𝜽 – b Cot𝜽= c, b Cosec𝜽 - a Cot𝜽= d)

Or (a Cosec𝜽 – b Cot𝜽= c, a Cot𝜽 − b Cosec𝜽=

d)

Or (a Cosec𝜽 + b Cot𝜽= c, b Cosec𝜽 + a Cot𝜽=

d)

Then a2 - b2 = c2 - d2

Important Relation 𝟏0𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽

J = sec𝜽 + Tan𝜽
𝟏/𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽
Q) cosec𝜽+cot𝜽=x, then
𝟏/𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽
(i) cosec𝜽-cot𝜽 = 1/x J = sec𝜽 - Tan𝜽
𝟏0𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽

(𝒙𝟐 0𝟏)
(ii) cosec𝜽 = 𝟐𝒙 J
𝟏0𝑪𝒐𝒔𝜽
= cosec𝜽 + cot𝜽
𝟏/𝑪𝒐𝒔𝜽

Course Enquiry
𝟏/𝑪𝒐𝒔𝜽 8) Sin2A + Sin2B = 1
J =cosec𝜽 – cot𝜽
𝟏0𝑪𝒐𝒔𝜽
9) Cos2A + Cos2B = 1

10) SinA* Cos B + CosA* Sin B = 1

(1+tan𝜽+sec𝜽)(1+cot𝜽-cosec𝜽) = 2
11) Sec2A - Cot2B = 1
(1+tan𝜽 −sec𝜽)(1+cot𝜽 +cosec𝜽) = 2
12) Cosec2A – tan2B =1
Tan𝜽 + Cot𝜽 = sec𝜽* Cosec𝜽 = 1/(sin𝜽 ∗ 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝜽)
Other Relations
sec𝜽 + Tan𝜽 = (1 + Sin𝜽)/Cos𝜽
𝐈𝐟 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝜽 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐 𝜽 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟑 𝜽 = 𝟏.
(sec𝜽 + Tan𝜽)(1-Sin𝜽) = Cos𝜽
𝐓𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟔 𝜽 − 𝟒𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟒 𝜽 + 𝟖𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝜽 – 𝟒 = 𝟎
(sec𝜽 - Tan𝜽)(1+Sin𝜽) = Cos𝜽
𝐈𝐟 𝐒𝐢𝐧𝜽 + 𝐒𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝜽 + 𝐒𝐢𝐧𝟑 𝜽 = 𝟏.
cosec𝜽 + cot𝜽 = (1 + Cos𝜽)/Sin𝜽 𝐓𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝐂𝐨𝐬𝟔 𝜽 − 𝟒𝐂𝐨𝐬𝟒 𝜽 + 𝟖𝐂𝐨𝐬𝟐 𝜽 – 𝟒 = 𝟎

(cosec𝜽 + cot𝜽) (1-cos 𝜽) = Sin 𝜽 𝐈𝐟 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝜽 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝜽 = 𝟏, then

(cosec𝜽 - cot𝜽) (1+cos 𝜽) = Sin 𝜽 A) 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐 𝜽 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟒 𝜽 =1

cosec2𝜽 + sec2𝜽 = cosec2𝜽 * sec2𝜽 B) 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟐 𝜽 + 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟒 𝜽 = 1

𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 + 𝟏 C) 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟒 𝜽 + 𝟐𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟔 𝜽 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟖 𝜽 =1

= 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝜽 + 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝜽
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 − 𝟏 D) 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟔 𝜽 + 𝟑𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟖 𝜽 + 𝟑𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟏𝟎 𝜽 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟏𝟐 𝜽 =1

1- 2 Sin2 𝜽 ∗ 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐 𝜽 = (Sin4 𝜽 + Cos4 𝜽)

E) 𝟒𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟔 𝜽 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟏𝟐 𝜽 =1
1- 3 Sin2 𝜽 ∗ 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐 𝜽 = (Sin6 𝜽 + Cos6 𝜽)

𝐈𝐟 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝜽 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐 𝜽 = 𝟏
If A+B = 90, then A) 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝜽 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟒 𝜽 =1
1) Sin A = Cos B & Cos A = Sin B B) 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝟐 𝜽 + 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝟒 𝜽 = 𝟏

2) Tan A = Cot B & Cot A = Tan B C) 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟒 𝜽 + 𝟐𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟔 𝜽 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟖 𝜽 =1

3) Sec A = Cosec B & Cosec A = Sec B D) 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟔 𝜽 + 𝟑𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟖 𝜽 + 𝟑𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟏𝟎 𝜽 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟏𝟐 𝜽 =1

4) Sin A * Sec B = 1 E) 𝟒𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟔 𝜽 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟏𝟐 𝜽 = 𝟏

5) Cos A * Cosec B = 1

6) Tan A * Tan B = 1

7) Cot A * Cot B = 1

Course Enquiry
Product Formulas
Higher Trigonometry
Sin(A+B)* Sin(A-B)= Sin2A-Sin2B= Cos2B-Cos2A
Sum Identities Addition Formula
Cos(A+B)* Cos(A-B)= Cos2A-Sin2B= Cos2B-Sin2A
Sin(A + B) = Sin A Cos B + Cos A Sin B
Double angle Formulas
Sin(A - B) = Sin A Cos B - Cos A Sin B
Sin2A= 2SinA* CosA
Cos(A + B) = Cos A Cos B - Sin A Sin B
Cos2A= Cos2A-Sin2A = 2Cos2A-1 =1-2Sin2A
Cos(A - B) = Cos A Cos B + Sin A Sin B
𝟐𝒕𝒂𝒏𝑨
Tan2A= 𝟏/𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟐 𝑨
𝒕𝒂𝒏𝑨0𝒕𝒂𝒏𝑩
Tan (A +B)= 𝟏/𝒕𝒂𝒏𝑨 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝑩
Sin2A and Cos2A in terms of TanA
𝒕𝒂𝒏𝑨/𝒕𝒂𝒏𝑩
Tan (A - B)= 𝟏0𝒕𝒂𝒏𝑨 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝑩
𝟐 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝑨
Sin2A =
𝟏0 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟐 𝑨
𝒄𝒐𝒕𝑨𝒄𝒐𝒕𝑩/𝟏
𝐂𝐨𝐭(𝑨 + 𝑩) = 𝒄𝒐𝒕𝑨0𝒄𝒐𝒕𝑩
,
𝟏/ 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟐 𝑨
Cos2A =
𝟏0 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟐 𝑨
𝒄𝒐𝒕𝑨𝒄𝒐𝒕𝑩0𝟏
𝐂𝐨𝐭(𝑨 − 𝑩) = 𝒄𝒐𝒕𝑩/𝒄𝒐𝒕𝑨
,
Half angle Formula
Sum to Product Formulas
∅ 𝟏/𝒄𝒐𝒔∅
𝑨0𝑩 𝑨/𝑩
Sin1𝟐5 = ±J 𝟐
SinA+ SinB=𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏 1 𝟐
5 𝒄𝒐𝒔 1 𝟐
5
∅ 𝟏0𝒄𝒐𝒔∅
SinA- SinB=𝟐𝑪𝒐𝒔 1
𝑨0𝑩
5 𝑺𝒊𝒏 1
𝑨/𝑩
5 Cos1𝟐5 = ±J 𝟐
𝟐 𝟐

𝑨0𝑩 𝑨/𝑩
CosA+ CosB=𝟐𝒄𝒐𝒔 1 5 𝒄𝒐𝒔 1 5 ∅ 𝟏 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔∅
𝟐 𝟐 𝐓𝐚𝐧 U V = ±W
𝟐 𝟏 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔∅
𝑨0𝑩 𝑨/𝑩
CosA-CosB=−𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏 1 5 𝑺𝒊𝒏 1 5
𝟐 𝟐

Product to Sum Formulas

Triple angle Formulas
𝟏
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒂 ∗ 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒃 = [𝐂𝐨𝐬(𝒂 − 𝒃) − 𝐂𝐨𝐬 (𝒂 + 𝒃)] 𝑺𝒊𝒏𝟑∅ = 𝟑𝑺𝒊𝒏∅ − 𝟒𝑺𝒊𝒏3∅
𝟐
𝟏 𝑪𝒐𝒔𝟑∅ = 𝟒𝑪𝒐𝒔3∅-3Cos∅
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒂 ∗ 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒃 = [𝐂𝐨𝐬(𝒂 − 𝒃) + 𝐂𝐨𝐬 (𝒂 + 𝒃)]
𝟐
𝟑𝒕𝒂𝒏∅ − 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟑 ∅
𝟏 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟑∅ =
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒂 ∗ 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒃 = [𝐒𝐢𝐧(𝒂 + 𝒃) − 𝐒𝐢𝐧 (𝒂 − 𝒃)] 𝟏 − 𝟑𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟐 ∅
𝟐
𝟏
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒂 ∗ 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒃 = [𝐒𝐢𝐧(𝒂 + 𝒃) − 𝐒𝐢𝐧 (𝒂 − 𝒃)]
𝟐

Course Enquiry
Some other Useful results MAXIMA and MINIMA
Sin A * Sin (60-A) * Sin (60+ A) = ¼ (Sin 3A)
Differentiation of trigonometric
Cos A * Cos (60-A) * Cos (60+ A) = ¼ (Cos functions w.r.t x. (not important)
3A) 𝒅
𝒅𝒙
(sin x) = cos x
Tan A * Tan (60-A) * Tan (60+ A) = Tan 3A
𝒅
𝒅𝒙
(cos x) = -sin x
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽0𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽
Tan (45 + 𝜽) = Cot (45- 𝜽) = 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽/𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽
𝒅
𝒅𝒙
(tan x) = sec2 x
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽/ 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽
Tan (45 - 𝜽) = Cot (45 + 𝜽) =
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽0𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 𝒅
𝒅𝒙
(cot x) = -cosec2 x

𝒅
(cosec x) = - cosec x * cot x
If A + B = 45 or 225, then 𝒅𝒙

𝒅
1) (1 + tanA) (1 + tanB) = 2 𝒅𝒙
(sec x) = -sec x * tan x

2) (1- cotA) (1- cotB) = 2

3) (cotA– 1) (cotB-1) = 2 Maximum and minimum values

If A - B = 45 or 225, then a Sin A + b Cos B -> max = a +b , min = -(a + b)

1) (1 + tanA) (1 - tanB) = 2 a Sin 𝜽 + b Cos 𝜽 => max = Y𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 ; min = -

2) (1- cotA) (1+ cotB) = 2 Y𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐

3) (cotA– 1) (-cotB-1) = 2 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒏 𝜽 .𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒏 𝜽

If A + B + C = 180, then If n is even,

𝟏 𝒏
1) Tan A + tan B + tan C = tan A * tan B * Max = 1𝟐5
tan C
Min = 0
2) Cot A * cot B + cot B * cot C + cot A *
Cot C = 1 If n is odd,

3) Sin 2A + Sin 2B + Sin 2C = 4 Sin A * Sin B 𝟏 𝒏

Max = 1𝟐5
* Sin C
𝟏 𝒏
Min =- 1𝟐5

𝑺𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒏 𝜽 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒏 𝜽 => max =1

Course Enquiry
𝒂 𝑺𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽 + 𝒃𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽 => If 𝟎𝟎 ≤ 𝜽 ≤ 𝟗𝟎

𝒊𝒇 𝒂 > 𝒃, 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝒂, 𝒎𝒊𝒏 = 𝒃 a 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝜽 + 𝒃 𝒄𝒐𝐬𝐞𝐜𝜽 => max = ∞

𝒊𝒇 𝒃 > 𝒂, 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝒃, 𝒎𝒊𝒏 = 𝒂 if a>b, min = 2√𝒂𝒃

( 𝑺𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽 + 𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝜽 + 𝟏) => Combination of if a<b min = a +b

power 2 and power 1
a 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝜽 + 𝐛 𝐬𝐞𝐜𝜽 => max = ∞
Use completing the square method and solve.
if a>b, min = 2√𝒂𝒃
Other Relations
if a<b, min = a + b
𝟐 𝟏
𝒙 + => min =2, max = ∞
𝒙𝟐
𝒂 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝜽 + 𝐛 𝐜𝐨𝐭𝜽 => max = ∞
𝟐 𝟐
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝒆𝒄 𝜽 => min =2, max = ∞
Min = 2√𝒂𝒃
𝐜𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽 + 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝟐 𝜽 => min =2, max = ∞

𝐭𝐚𝐧𝟐 𝜽 + 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝟐 𝜽 => min =2, max = ∞

a 𝐒𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝜽 + 𝒃 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝜽 => max = ∞

if a>b min = 2√𝒂𝒃

𝟎
If 𝟎 ≤ 𝜽 ≤ 𝟗𝟎
if a<b min = a +b
𝐬𝐢𝐧𝜽 + 𝒄𝒐𝐬𝐞𝐜𝜽 => min =2, max = ∞
a 𝐂𝐨𝐬𝟐 𝜽 + 𝐛 𝐒𝐞𝐜 𝟐 𝜽 => max = ∞
𝐭𝐚𝐧𝜽 + 𝐜𝐨𝐭𝜽 => min =2, max = ∞
if a>b, min = 2√𝒂𝒃
𝐜𝐨𝐬𝜽 + 𝐬𝐞𝐜𝜽 => min =2, max = ∞
if a<b , min = a + b

𝒂 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟐 𝜽 + 𝐛𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝟐 𝜽 => max = ∞

Min = 2√𝒂𝒃

𝒂 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝜽 + 𝒃𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝜽 > max = ∞

𝟐
𝑴𝒊𝒏 = d√𝒂 + √𝒃 e

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