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Trogonometric Formula

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211 views

Trogonometric Formula

Note

Uploaded by

bksanjay562
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Foundation of Mathematics

Trigonometry

Pythagoras Theorem
𝒉𝟐 = 𝒑𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐
ℎ
Where, ℎ = ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑝
(𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒)
𝑝 = 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟
𝜃
𝑏 = 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒
𝑏
Trigonometric ratios
There are six trigonometric ratios they are
𝒔𝒊𝒏, 𝒄𝒐𝒔, 𝒕𝒂𝒏, 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄 , 𝒔𝒆𝒄, 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒄𝒐𝒕
If 𝜃 be the angle between the base and hypotenuse then
trigonometric ratios are defined by

𝒑 𝒃 𝒑
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽 = 𝒉 , 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽 = 𝒉 , 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝜽 = 𝒃
𝒉 𝒉 𝒃
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝜽 = , 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝜽 = , 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝜽 =
𝒑 𝒃 𝒑

Trigonometric formula

1. a) sin 𝜃. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 = 1
b) cos 𝜃. 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 = 1
c) tan 𝜃. cot 𝜃 = 1
sin 𝜃
d) tan 𝜃 = cos 𝜃
1
cos 𝜃
e) cot 𝜃 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃

2) Pythagorean identity
sin2 𝜃 + cos 2 𝜃 = 1
sec 2 𝜃 − tan2 𝜃 = 1
𝑐𝑜𝑐𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃 − cot 2 𝜃 = 1
Proof 1.
Here LHS:
sin2 𝜃 + cos 2 𝜃
𝑝 2 𝑏 2
=( ) +( )
ℎ ℎ
2
𝑝 𝑏2
= 2+ 2
ℎ ℎ
𝑝 + 𝑏2
2
=
ℎ2
ℎ2
= 2
ℎ
=1
= 𝑅𝐻𝑆
Similarly we can proof others.
And from these Pythagorean identity we can derive other
relation such as
Here we have ,
sin2 𝜃 + cos 2 𝜃 = 1

𝑜𝑟, sin2 𝜃 = 1 − cos 2 𝜃


𝑜𝑟, sin 𝜃 = √1 − cos 2 𝜃
𝑜𝑟, cos 2 𝜃 = 1 − sin2 𝜃
2
𝑜𝑟, cos 𝜃 = √1 − sin2 𝜃
Similarly we can do from other identity.

Ratio of negative angles.


a) sin(−𝜃) = − sin 𝜃
b) cos(−𝜃) = cos 𝜃
c) tan(−𝜃) = − tan 𝜃

Addition and subtraction formula


a) sin(𝐴 + 𝐵) = sin 𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐵 + cos 𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐵
b) sin(𝐴 − 𝐵) = sin 𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐵 − cos 𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐵
c) cos(𝐴 + 𝐵) = cos 𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐵 − sin 𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐵
d) cos(𝐴 − 𝐵) = cos 𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐵 + sin 𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐵
tan 𝐴+tan 𝐵
e) tan(𝐴 + 𝐵) = 1−tan 𝐴 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝐵
tan 𝐴−tan 𝐵
f) tan(𝐴 − 𝐵) =
1+tan 𝐴 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝐵
𝑐𝑜𝑡𝐴.cot 𝐵−1
g) cot(𝐴 + 𝐵) = cot 𝐴+cot 𝐵
𝑐𝑜𝑡𝐴.cot 𝐵+1
h) cot(𝐴 − 𝐵) = cot 𝐴−cot 𝐵

Transformation of sum or difference to product


𝐶+𝐷 𝐶−𝐷
a) sin 𝐶 + sin 𝐷 = 2 sin 2 . cos 2
𝐶+𝐷 𝐶−𝐷
b) sin 𝐶 − sin 𝐷 = 2 cos . sin
2 2
𝐶+𝐷 𝐶−𝐷
c) cos 𝐶 + cos 𝐷 = 2 cos . cos
2 2
𝐶+𝐷 𝐶−𝐷
d) cos 𝐶 − sin 𝐷 = −2 sin . sin
2 2
𝐶+𝐷 𝐷−𝐶
𝑜𝑟, cos 𝐶 − sin 𝐷 = 2 sin . sin
2 2

3
Transformation of product to sum or difference
a) 2 sin 𝐴. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵 = sin(𝐴 + 𝐵) + sin(𝐴 − 𝐵)
b) 2 cos 𝐴. 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐵=sin(𝐴 + 𝐵) − sin(𝐴 − 𝐵)
c) 2 cos 𝐴. cos 𝐵= cos(𝐴 + 𝐵) + cos(𝐴 − 𝐵)
d) 2 sin 𝐴. sin 𝐵= cos(𝐴 + 𝐵) − cos(𝐴 − 𝐵)

Double angle and half angle


Double angle Half angle
1) sin 2𝐴 = 2 sin 𝐴. cos 𝐵 𝐴 𝐵
1) sin 𝐴 = 2 sin . cos
2 2
2) cos 2𝐴 = cos2 𝐴 − sin2 𝐴 2𝐴 𝐴
2) cos 𝐴 = cos − sin2
= 2 cos 2 𝐴 − 1 2 2
𝐴
= 1 − 2 sin2 𝐴 = 2 cos 2
−1
1 − tan2 𝐴 2
= 2
𝐴
1 + tan2 𝐴 = 1 − 2 sin
2 tan 𝐴 2
3) tan 2𝐴 = 1−tan2 𝐴 𝐴
1 − tan2 2
cot2 𝐴−1
4) cot 2𝐴 = =
2 cot 𝐴 𝐴
1 + tan2 2
𝐴
2 tan
2
3) tan 𝐴 = 2 𝐴
1−tan
2
2 𝐴
cot −1
2
4) cot 𝐴 = 𝐴
2 cot
2

Triple angle
a) sin 3𝐴 = 3 sin 𝐴 − 4 sin3 𝐴
b) cos 3𝐴 = 4 cos 3 𝐴 − 3 cos 𝐴
3 tan 𝐴−tan3 𝐴
c) tan 3𝐴 = 1−3 tan3 𝐴
4
Trigonometric angle table

For more,

5
CAST Rule

900

𝑠𝑖𝑛, 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝐴𝑙𝑙


+𝑉𝑒 +𝑉𝑒
2𝑛𝑑 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑡 1𝑠𝑡 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑡
1800
00 , 3600
𝑡𝑎𝑛, 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠, 𝑠𝑒𝑐
+𝑉𝑒 +𝑉𝑒
3𝑟𝑑 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑡 4𝑡ℎ 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑡

2700

𝑪 = 𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒆 𝑵 = 𝑵𝒐 𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒆
𝐶
𝑁
𝐶
𝑁

900 = 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 = 900 × 1


1800 = 𝑁𝑜 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 = 900 × 2
2700 = 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 = 900 × 3
3600 = 𝑁𝑜 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 = 900 × 4

6
In summary.
900 × 𝑜𝑑𝑑 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑒 = 𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒
900 × 𝐸𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑒 = 𝑁𝑜 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒

What are the changes?


𝑠𝑖𝑛 ↔ 𝑐𝑜𝑠
𝑡𝑎𝑛 ↔ 𝑐𝑜𝑡
𝑠𝑒𝑐 ↔ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐

For, 𝟎𝟎 ≤ 𝜽 ≤ 𝟗𝟎𝟎 then


Using CAST rule

Taking, 𝐬𝐢𝐧 ratio


sin(900 − 𝜃) = cos 𝜃
sin(900 + 𝜃) = cos 𝜃
sin(1800 − 𝜃) = sin 𝜃
sin(1800 + 𝜃) = − sin 𝜃
sin(2700 − 𝜃) = − cos 𝜃
sin(2700 + 𝜃) = − cos 𝜃
sin(3600 − 𝜃) = − sin 𝜃
sin(3600 + 𝜃) = sin 𝜃
Similarly, we can do for other trigonometric ratio using cast
rule.

Note: To find the angle more than 3600 , at first express


the given angle in the form (900 × 𝑛 ± 𝜃) then using the
above CAST rule, where
𝑛 = 𝑛𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑡 900
𝜃 = 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝐷𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑡

7
Example:
Find the value of 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝟏𝟎𝟑𝟓𝟎

Solution:
Here tan 10350 = tan(900 × 11 + 450 ) which is in the
form (900 × 𝑛 ± 𝜃).
Which lies in the 4𝑡ℎ 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑡 where cos 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠𝑒𝑐 + 𝑉𝑒
so, tan is -Ve
11 is a odd number so, tan 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑔 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑎 cot
Therefore,

tan 10350 = tan(900 × 11 + 450 ) = − cot 450 = −1

Similarly you can do for


sin 10350
cos 10350
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 7800
sec 7800
cot 4050

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