Measurement of angle:

• The measure of an angle, is the amount of rotation performed to get the initial side.

• The sense of an angle is positive or negative according as the initial side rotates in
anticlockwise or clockwise direction to get the terminal side.

• Three systems of measuring angles are

o Sexagesimal system
o Centesimal system
o Circular system

• In Sexagesimal system:

 1 Right angle = 90 degrees (90°)

 1° = 60 minutes (60′)
 1’ = 60 second (60’’)

• In Centesimal system:

 1 Right angle = 100 grades (𝟏𝟎𝟎𝒈 )

 𝟏𝒈 = 100 minutes (100′)
 1′ = 100 seconds (100’’)

• In circular system, the unit of measurement is radian. One radian is the measure of
an angle subtended at the centre of a circle by an arc of length equal to the radius of
the circle.

 𝝅 𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒊𝒂𝒏𝒔 = 180°
 𝟏 radians ( 𝟏𝒄 ) = 57°𝟏𝟔′𝟐𝟐′′ (approx)
𝒔
• 𝜽 = 𝒓 radians

 𝜽 = angle in radian
 𝒔 = length of arc of circle
 𝒓 = radius of circle

• The relation between three systems of measurement of an angle is

𝑫 𝑮 𝟐𝑹
= 𝟏𝟎𝟎 =
𝟗𝟎 𝝅

Trigonometric ratios and identities:

Randhir sir. ( 10+ years experience )

𝐏𝐞𝐫𝐩𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐫
• 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐀 = 𝐇𝐲𝐩𝐨𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐮𝐬𝐞

𝐁𝐚𝐬𝐞
• 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐀 = 𝐇𝐲𝐩𝐨𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐮𝐬𝐞

𝐏𝐞𝐫𝐩𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐫
• 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐀 = 𝐁𝐚𝐬𝐞

𝐇𝐲𝐩𝐨𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐮𝐬𝐞
• 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝐀 = 𝐏𝐞𝐫𝐩𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐫

𝐇𝐲𝐩𝐨𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐮𝐬𝐞
• 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝐀 = 𝐁𝐚𝐬𝐞

𝐁𝐚𝐬𝐞
• 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝐀 = 𝐏𝐞𝐫𝐩𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐫

𝟏
• 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐀 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐀

𝟏
• 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐀 =
𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐀

𝟏
• 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐀 = 𝐜𝐨𝐭𝐀

𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐀
• 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐀 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐀

• 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐀 = sine of angle A

• 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝐀 = secant of angle A

• 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐀 = cosine of angle A

• 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐀 = tangent of angle A

• 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝐀 = cosecant of angle A

• 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝐀 = cotangent of angle A

Randhir sir. ( 10+ years experience )

• 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝐀 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐 𝐀 = 1

• 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝟐 𝐀 - 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝟐 𝐀 = 1

• 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝟐 𝐀 - 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝟐 𝐀 = 1

• 𝐢𝐟, 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝐀 + 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐀 = x

𝟏
Then, 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝐀 − 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐀 = 𝐱 and vice versa.

• 𝐢𝐟, 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝐀 + 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝐀 = x

𝟏
Then, 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝐀 − 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝐀 = 𝐱 and vice versa.

• 𝐢𝐟, 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐀 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐀 = x

Then, 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐀 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐀 = ±√𝟐 − 𝐱 𝟐 and vice versa

• 𝐬𝐢𝐧( 𝟗𝟎° − 𝐀 ) = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐀

• 𝐜𝐨𝐬( 𝟗𝟎° − 𝐀 ) = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐀

• 𝐭𝐚𝐧( 𝟗𝟎° − 𝐀 ) = 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝐀

• 𝐜𝐨𝐭( 𝟗𝟎° − 𝐀 ) = 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐀

• 𝐬𝐞𝐜( 𝟗𝟎° − 𝐀 ) = 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝐀

• 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐜( 𝟗𝟎° − 𝐀 ) = 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝐀

Randhir sir. ( 10+ years experience )

• 𝐬𝐢𝐧(−𝐀 ) = −𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐀

• 𝐭𝐚𝐧(−𝐀 ) = −𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐀

• 𝐜𝐨𝐭(−𝐀 ) = −𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝐀

• 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐜(−𝐀 ) = −𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝐀

• 𝐜𝐨𝐬(−𝐀 ) = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐀

• 𝐬𝐞𝐜(−𝐀 ) = 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝐀

𝟏+ 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐀
• √ = 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝐀 + 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐀
𝟏− 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐀

𝟏−𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐀
• √ = 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝐀 − 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐀
𝟏+ 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐀

𝟏+ 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐀
• √ = 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝐀 + 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝐀
𝟏− 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐀

𝟏− 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐀
• √ = 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝐀 − 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝐀
𝟏+ 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐀

• If, 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐀 . 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐁 = 1, then A + B = 90°

• 𝐈𝐟, 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐀 . 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝐁 = 1, then A + B = 90°

• 𝐈𝐟, 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝐀 . 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝐁 = 1, then A + B = 90°

• 𝐈𝐟, 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐀 . 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝐁 = 1, then A + B = 90°

• 𝐈𝐟, 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐀 . 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝐁 = 1, then A + B = 180°

• If, 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝐀 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝐁 = 2 or 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐀 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐁 = 2,

Then A = B = 90°

• If, 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝐀 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐 𝐁 = 2 or 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐀 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐁 = 2,

Then A = 90° and B = 0°

• If, 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐 𝐀 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐 𝐁 = 2 or 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐀 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐁 = 2,

Then A = B = 0°

• If, 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝐀 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝐁 = 0, then A = B = 0°

• If, 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝐀 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐 𝐁 = 0, then A = 0°, B = 90°

Randhir sir. ( 10+ years experience )
• If, 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐 𝐀 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐 𝐁 = 0, then A = B = 90°

Sum and difference formulas:

• 𝐬𝐢𝐧( 𝐀 + 𝐁 ) = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐀 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐁 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐀 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐁

• 𝐬𝐢𝐧( 𝐀 − 𝐁 ) = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐀 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐁 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐀 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐁

• 𝐜𝐨𝐬( 𝐀 + 𝐁 ) = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐀 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐁 − 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐀 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐁

• 𝐜𝐨𝐬( 𝐀 − 𝐁 ) = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐀 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐁 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐀 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐁

𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐀 + 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐁
• 𝐭𝐚𝐧( 𝐀 + 𝐁) = 𝟏 − 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐀 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐁

𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐀 − 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐁
• 𝐭𝐚𝐧( 𝐀 − 𝐁) =
𝟏 + 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐀 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐁

𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝐀 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝐁 − 𝟏
• 𝐜𝐨𝐭( 𝐀 + 𝐁) = 𝐜𝐨𝐭𝐁 + 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝐀

𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝐀 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝐁 + 𝟏
• 𝐜𝐨𝐭( 𝐀 − 𝐁) = 𝐜𝐨𝐭𝐁 − 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝐀

• 𝐬𝐢𝐧( 𝐀 + 𝐁 ) . 𝐬𝐢𝐧( 𝐀 − 𝐁 ) = 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝐀 − 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝐁 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐 𝐁 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐 𝐀

• 𝐜𝐨𝐬( 𝐀 + 𝐁 ) . 𝐜𝐨𝐬( 𝐀 − 𝐁 ) = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐 𝐀 − 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝐁 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐 𝐁 − 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝐀

• 𝐬𝐢𝐧( 𝐀 + 𝐁 + 𝐂) = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐀 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐁 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐂 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐀 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐁 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐂 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐀 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐁 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐂 − 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐀 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐁 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐂

• 𝐜𝐨𝐬( 𝐀 + 𝐁 + 𝐂) = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐀 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐁 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐂 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐀 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐁 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐂 − 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐀 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐁 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐂 − 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐀 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐁 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐂
𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐀 + 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐁 + 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐂 − 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐀𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐁𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐂
• 𝐭𝐚𝐧( 𝐀 + 𝐁 + 𝐂) = 𝟏 − 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐀 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐁 − 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐁 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐂 − 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐂 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐀

𝛑 𝟓𝛑
• If A + B = 𝟒 or , then (1 + 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐀). (1 + 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐁) = 2
𝟒

𝛑 𝟓𝛑
• A + B = 𝟒 or , then (1 - 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝐀). (1 - 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝐁) = 2, or (𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝐀 − 𝟏). (𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝐁 − 𝟏) = 2
𝟒

𝟐 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐀
• 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝐀 = 𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐀 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐀 = 𝟏 + 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝟐 𝐀

𝟏− 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝟐 𝐀
• 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐𝐀 = ( 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐 A - 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 A ) = ( 2𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐 𝐀 − 𝟏 ) = ( 𝟏 − 𝟐𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝐀 ) = 𝟏+ 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝟐 𝐀

𝟐 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐀
• tan 2A = 𝟏 − 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝟐 𝐀

Randhir sir. ( 10+ years experience )

• Sin3A = 3sinA – 4𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟑 𝐀

• Cos3A = 4𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟑 𝐀 − 𝟑𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐀

𝟑𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐀 − 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝟑 𝐀
• Tan3A = 𝟏 − 𝟑𝐭𝐚𝐧𝟐 𝐀

𝛑 𝛑 𝟏
• 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐀. 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝟑 − 𝐀). 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝟑 + 𝐀) = 𝟒 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟑𝐀

𝛑 𝛑 𝟏
• 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐀. 𝐜𝐨𝐬 (𝟑 − 𝐀) . 𝐜𝐨𝐬 (𝟑 + 𝐀) = 𝟒 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟑𝐀

𝛑 𝛑
• 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐀. 𝐭𝐚𝐧(𝟑 − 𝐀). 𝐭𝐚𝐧(𝟑 + 𝐀) = 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟑𝐀

• 𝐬𝐢𝐧( 𝐀 + 𝐁 ) + 𝐬𝐢𝐧( 𝐀 − 𝐁 ) = 𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐀 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐁

• 𝐬𝐢𝐧( 𝐀 + 𝐁 ) − 𝐬𝐢𝐧( 𝐀 − 𝐁 ) = 𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐀 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐁

• 𝐜𝐨𝐬( 𝐀 + 𝐁 ) + 𝐜𝐨𝐬( 𝐀 − 𝐁 ) = 𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐀 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐁

• 𝐜𝐨𝐬( 𝐀 − 𝐁 ) − 𝐜𝐨𝐬( 𝐀 + 𝐁 ) = 𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐀 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐁

𝐂+𝐃 𝐂−𝐃
• 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐂 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐃 = 2sin . cos
𝟐 𝟐

𝐂+𝐃 𝐂−𝐃
• 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐂 − 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐃 = 2cos . sin
𝟐 𝟐

𝐂+𝐃 𝐂−𝐃
• 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐂 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐃 = 2cos . cos
𝟐 𝟐

𝐂+𝐃 𝐃−𝐂
• 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐂 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐃 = 2sin . Sin
𝟐 𝟐

• If A + B + C = 𝛑, 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐧,

o 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝐀 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝐁 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝐂 = 𝟒 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐀 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐁 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐂

o 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐀 + 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐁 + 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐂 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐀 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐁 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐂

o 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝐀 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝐁 + 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝐁 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝐂 + 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝐂 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝐀 = 𝟏

• If A + B + C = 𝛑/𝟐, 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐧,

o 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝐀 + 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝐁 + 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝐂 = 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝐀 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝐁 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝐂

o 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐀 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐁 + 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐁 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐂 + 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐂 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐀 = 𝟏

Randhir sir. ( 10+ years experience )

Trigonometric values at complex angles :

Height and distance:

Randhir sir. ( 10+ years experience )

Randhir sir. ( 10+ years experience )
Randhir sir. ( 10+ years experience )
Randhir sir. ( 10+ years experience )