QUIZ

Digital Principles and System Design

1. What is the base of the binary number system?

a) 2 b) 8 c) 10 d) 16

2. The two's complement of the binary number 1101 is:

a) 0010 b) 0011 c) 1111 d) 1011

3. Which Boolean operation is represented by the "+" symbol?

a) AND b) OR c) NOT d) XOR

4. What is the output of an XOR gate when both inputs are 1?

a) 0 b) 1 c) Undefined d) Same as input

5. De Morgan’s Theorem states that (A + B)' is equal to:

a) A' + B' b) A'B' c) AB d) (AB)'

6. How many fundamental logic gates are there?

a) 2 b) 3 c) 4 d) 5

7. Which method is used to simplify Boolean expressions?

a) Karnaugh Map b) Truth Table c) Circuit Diagram d) Flowchart

8. The universal gates are:

a) AND and OR b) NAND and NOR c) XOR and XNOR d) NOT and OR
9. Which logic gate produces a HIGH output when all inputs are LOW?

a) NAND b) NOR c) XOR d) XNOR

10. In Boolean algebra, A + A' simplifies to:

a) 0 b) 1 c) A d) A'

11. Which circuit generates the sum and carry of two binary digits?

a) Multiplexer b) Encoder c) Half Adder d) Decoder

12. What does a multiplexer do?

a) Selects one input from many b) Decodes binary data

c) Adds binary numbers d) Stores data

13. How many outputs does a 3-to-8 decoder have?

a) 3 b) 8 c) 6 d) 10

14. What does a magnitude comparator do?

a) Adds numbers b) Subtracts numbers
c) Compares two binary numbers d) Converts binary to decimal

15. Which combinational circuit encodes multiple inputs into a binary code?

a) Decoder b) Encoder c) Multiplexer d) Comparator

16. Which circuit converts a binary number into its decimal equivalent?

a) Encoder b) Multiplexer c) Decoder d) Comparator

17. Which circuit generates a sum without a carry?

a) Half Adder b) Full Adder c) Multiplexer d) Comparator

18. What is the number of selection lines in a 16-to-1 multiplexer?

a) 2 b) 4 c) 5 d) 3

19. What is the difference between a half adder and a full adder?

a) Full Adder has an extra input b) Half Adder is more complex

c) Half Adder has a carry-in d) Full Adder has fewer inputs

20. Which of these circuits is used in arithmetic operations?

a) Encoder b) Multiplexer c) Adder d) Decoder

21. Which component stores a single bit in sequential circuits?

a) Flip-flop b) Register c) Counter d) Multiplexer

22. What does a clocked sequential circuit use to control timing?

a) Gates b) Flip-flops c) Clock signal d) Latches

23. Which of these is NOT a type of flip-flop?

a) D b) JK c) SR d) OR

24. Which of the following is an asynchronous sequential circuit?

a) Ripple counter b) Synchronous counter c) Shift register d) JK Flip-flop

25. What does a counter do in sequential circuits?

a) Stores data b) Performs arithmetic c) Counts pulses d) Compares numbers

26. A shift register is used for:

a) Data storage b) Data transfer c) Data selection d) Data encoding

27. Which flip-flop toggles its state on every clock pulse?

a) SR b) JK c) D d) T

28. What is the full form of SR in SR flip-flop?

a) Set-Reset b) Sequential Register c) Storage Register d) Shift Register

30. How many flip-flops are needed for a 4-bit counter?

a) 2 b) 4 c) 6 d) 8

31. What is the main difference between synchronous and asynchronous sequential circuits?

a) Synchronous circuits use clocked flip-flops, while asynchronous circuits use unclocked
flip-flops or time-delay elements

b) Synchronous circuits operate faster than asynchronous circuits.

c) Asynchronous circuits require clock pulses, while synchronous circuits do not.
d) Asynchronous circuits are easier to design than synchronous circuits.

32. Which of the following is a type of asynchronous sequential circuit?

a) Fundamental mode circuit b) Pulse mode circuit

c) Both a and b d) None of the above

33. In a fundamental mode circuit, which of the following conditions hold true?

a) Input variables change only when the circuit is stable

b) More than one input variable can change at a time

c) Inputs are considered as pulses rather than levels

d) The circuit does not use memory elements

34. Which table is used to describe the sequence of internal states and outputs in asynchronous
sequential circuits?

a) Truth table b) Karnaugh map c) Flow table d) State transition table

35. What is a race condition in an asynchronous sequential circuit?

a) When the output changes without any change in input

b) When two or more binary state variables change value in response to an input change

c) When all inputs remain unchanged but the output fluctuates

d) When the clock fails to synchronize the circuit

36. Which type of race condition leads to unpredictable behavior in a circuit?

a) Non-critical race b) Critical race c) Hazardous race d) Static race

37. Which of the following circuits is used to eliminate switch bouncing?

a) Pulse mode circuit b) Debounce circuit

c) Flip-flop circuit d) Comparator circuit

38. How can race conditions be avoided in asynchronous circuits?

a) By using multiple clocks

b) By using feedback loops

c) By ensuring only one input variable changes at a time

d) By eliminating all delays in the circuit

39. Which of the following types of hazards can occur in combinational circuits?
a) Static hazards b) Dynamic hazards c) Essential hazards d) All of the above

40. What is a dynamic hazard in digital circuits?

a) A momentary incorrect output due to different propagation delays

b) A hazard that occurs when a signal changes three or more times instead of once

c) A hazard that can be corrected using additional logic gates

d) A hazard caused by short-circuiting in the circuit

41. What is the smallest unit of binary data?

a) Byte b) Nibble c) Bit d) Word

42. Which of the following is a volatile memory?

a) ROM b) PROM c) RAM d) EPROM

43. EEPROM stands for:

a) Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory

b) Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory

c) Enhanced Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory

d) Extended Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory

44. Which type of memory cannot be rewritten after initial programming?

a) PROM b) EPROM c) EEPROM d) DRAM

45. The operation that places data into a memory location is called:

a) Read operation b) Write operation

c) Addressing operation d) Fetch operation

46. Which PLD consists of a fixed AND array and a programmable OR array?

a) PLA b) PAL c) PROM d) CPLD

48. In a PLA, which array is programmable?

a) Only AND b) Only OR

c) Both AND and OR d) Neither AND nor OR

49. Which statement about PAL is true?

a) PAL has a fixed AND array and a programmable OR array

b) PAL has both AND and OR arrays programmable

c) PAL has a programmable AND array and a fixed OR array

d) PAL has both AND and OR arrays fixed

50. Which PLD is best suited for complex digital circuits?

a) PLA b) PAL c) CPLD d) FPGA