Ch 1/ hazards/P.

Topic 1 – Opportunities and Risks

21. The following processes appear at different
1997 stages during the formation of a fold mountain.
(1) Uplifting of the folded sedimentary rocks
11. (2) Deposition of sediments in a trench
(3) Collision of oceanic and continental plates
(4) Compression of the sedimentary rocks
Which of the following best describes the
sequence of processes leading to the formation
of the fold mountain?
A. (1), (2), (3) ,(4)
B. (2), (3), (4), (1)
C. (3), (1), (2), (4)
D. (3), (2), (4), (1)

The above photograph shows a bird’s eye view of a

feature. It is

A. A tear fault.
24. Which of the following identifies in the correcet
B. A normal fault. order of igeous intrusion marked W, X, Y and Z in
C. A reverse fault. the above figure?

D. A thrust fault.
A. Laccolith, sill, dyke, batholiths
16. The formation of the mid-ocean ridge in the Atlantic B. Sill, dyke, batholith, laccolith
Ocean is due to C. Dyke, batholith, laccolith, sill
A. volcanic intrusion. D. Batholith, laccolith, sill, dyke
B. earthquake.
C. convergent plate movement.
33.
D. divergent plate movement.
19. Which of the following features are produced by large
scale faulting?
(1) Rift valley
(2) Volcanic plug
The landscape shown in the above figure has undergone
(3) Block mountain
the processes of
(4) Caldera (1) Submergence (3) River erosion
A. (1) and (2) only (2) Vulcanicity (4) sedimentation
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
B. (1), (3) and (4) only
C. (2) and (4) only C. (2), (3) and (4) only
D. (3) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4)
Ch 1/ hazards/P.2

1998 4.

1.

The above diagrams show some common intrusive igneous

features. Which of the following is correct?
1 2 3 4
A. sill laccolith dyke batholith
B sill dyke laccolith batholith
C dyke sill batholith laccolith
D. laccolith sill batholity dyke
Ch 1/ hazards/P.3
1999

There is a mistake in the above diagram which shows a destructive plate boundary. Which of the following
can best correct the mistake?
A. The direction of the arrows should be reserved.
B. The oceanic plate should be drawn under the continental plate.
C. There should be some volcanoes along the plate.
D. The coastal area should be a large plain.

12. Which of the following features is not caused by compression?

A. A reverse fault
B. An overthrust fold
C. A normal fault
D. A simple fold

13. Which of the following processes are taking place in the above diagram?
(1) Subcrustal convection currents are moving apart.
(2) New rock is being formed along the plate boundary.
(3) An oceanic trench is developing.
(4) Faulting of the crustal rock is occurring.
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (3) and (4) only
C. (1), (2) and (4) only
D. (1), (3) and (4) only

49. Earthquakes may cause more serious damage in a rural area than in an urban area because of
(1) The weaker foundation of houses.
(2) The poorer warning system.
(3) The more frequent aftershocks
(4) Its more extensive territory
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (4) only
D. (3) and (4) only
Ch 1/ hazards/P.4

2000

11.
13.

The diagram above shows the consequence of magma

activity. Which of the following descriptions are correct?

(1) There have been several volcanic eruptions.

(2) A new type of rock is formed.
(3) The rock displays layered structure.
(4) A distinct crater is formed.
Which of the following features can be found along plate
margin X?
A. (1) and (4) only
B. (2) and (3) only
(1) Fold mountain
C. (1), (2) and (4) only
(2) Volcano
D. (2), (3) and (4) only
(3) Mid-oceanic ridge
(4) Volcanic island arc
A. (1) and (2) only
12. B. (3) and (4) only
C. (1), (2) and (3) only
D. (2), (3) and (4) only

56. Which of the following natural disasters are triggered

by earthquakes?

(1) Landslide
(2) Tsunamis
(3) Avalanche
(4) Volcanic eruption
Refer to the above diagram which shows the folding
of rock layers. Which of the following sentences are
correct? A. (2) and (4) only
(1) X is limb of fold. B. (1), (2) and (3) only
(2) Y is a line of fracture. C. (1), (3) and (4) only
(3) Z is anticline. D. (1), (2), (3) and (4)
(4) It is an overfold.

A. (1) and (3) only

B. (2) and (4) only
C. (1), (3) and (4) only
D. (2), (3) and (4) only
Ch 1/ hazards/P.5

2001
2004
11. The frequent earthquakes and volcanic activities in 11.
Japan are caused by the collision of which of the
following plates?

(1) Eurasian Plate

(2) Pacific Plate
(3) Philippine Plate
(4) Indo-Australian Plate

A. (1), (2) and (3) only

B. (1), (2) and (4) only
C. (1), (3) and (4) only
D. (2), (3) and (4) only Refer to the above diagram. With further plate movement,
the processes that might occur are
(1) Folding.
(2) Earthquakes.
12. At which one of the following plate boundaries can (3) Denudation.
an ocean trench be found? (4) Metamorphism.

A. Constructive zone A. (1), (2) and (3) only

B. Subduction zone B. (1), (2) and (4) only
C. Co-existent zone C. (1), (3) and (4) only
D. Collision zone D. (2), (3) and (4) only

12. Which of the following comparisons between constructive plate

14.
margin and destructive plate margin is INCORRECT?
Constructive plate margin Destructive plate margin
A. A new crust is formed. An old crust is destroyed.
B. Two plates diverge. Tow plates collide.
C. Convection currents in the Convection currents in the
If tension is acted on the rock mass shown above, mantle sink. mantle rise.
block mountains can be found in areas marked
A. (1), (2) and (4) only D. The East African Rift Valley The Himalayas are a
B. (1), (3) and (5) only is a typical example. typical example.
C. (2), (4) and (5) only
D. (3), (4) and (5) only
13. The following processes show the formation of the mid-Atlantic
ridge. Arrange them in the CORRECT order.
(1) A fissure is formed.
51. Which of the following natural hazards are (2) Lava cools and solidifies.
caused by meteorological factors? (3) Convection currents rise.
(4) The African plate and the South American plate move apart.
(1) Flooding A. (1) (3) (4) (2) C. (3) (4) (1) (2)
(2) Tsunami
(3) Landslide B. (4) (3) (2) (1) D. (4) (1) (3) (2)
(4) Forest fire
15. Fossils of sea creatures are found in the rocks of the Himalayas.
A. (1) and (4) only This indicates that
B. (2) and (3) only (1) the rocks are sedimentary. (3) divergence of plates has occurred.
(2) the rocks have been folded. (4) igneous activity has occurred.
C. (1), (2) and (4) only
D. (1), (3) and (4) only A. (1) and (2) only C. (2), (3) and (4) only
B. (3) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4)
Ch 1/ hazards/P.6

22. Which of the following descriptions of the structure of

2004 the earth are CORRECT?
(1) The crust is a continuous and unbroken layer.
42. More developed countries suffer less damage from (2) The continental crust is denser than the oceanic
earthquakes than less developed countries because crust.
(1) the magnitude of the earthquakes is smaller. (3) Most plates are comprised of both continental and
(2) they have better communication facilitating oceanic crusts.
information flow. (4) The inner core has the highest density.
(3) they have better preventive measures. A. (1) and (2) only
(4) they have warning systems B. (3) and (4) only
A. (1) and (4) only C. (1), (2) and (3) only
B. (2) and (3) only D. (2), (3) and (4) only
C. (2), (3) and (4) only
D. (1), (2), (3) and (4) 23. The Indo-Australian Plate is still moving northward a
rate of 18 mm a year. Which of the following may be
the consequences of such a movement?
54. Which of the following are benefits brought forth of (1) The Himalayas may continue to rise.
volcanic activity? (2) Qingzang Gaoyuan may gradually sink underneath
(1) production of valuable minerals the Himalayas.
(2) promotion of tourist activity (3) Earthquakes may occur frequently in the Himalayan
(3) generation of geothermal heat region.
(4) an increase in soil fertility (4) A new crust may be formed at the constructive
A. (1) and (3) only margin of the Indo-Australian Plate.
B. (2) and (4) only A. (1) and (3) only
C. (2), (3) and (4) only B. (2) and (4) only
D. (1), (2), (3) and (4) C. (1), (2) and (4) only
D. (1), (3) and (4) only

24. Which of the following is NOT a natural hazard caused

by plate movement?
A. a volcanic eruption C. a tsunami
2005 B. an earthquake D. flooding
12.
25. In recent years, earthquakes at Richter Scale 5 or
above have frequently occurred in Japan. Yet, the
number of deaths and injury has not been high. This is
because
(1) there have been frequent earthquake drills.
(2) early warnings have been issued.
(3) inhabitants have chosen not to live in earthquake
zones.
(4) most of the buildings have been equipped with
shock-resistant devices.
A. (1), (2) and (3) only C. (1), (3) and (4) only
B. (1), (2) and (4) only D. (2), (3) and (4) only

26. The impact of natural hazards on the less developed

21. Which of the following can explain the occurrence of countries is usually more serious. This is because these
the hazard shown in the above photograph? countries
(1) It is caused by a broken gas pipe in an earthquake. (1) lack capital to prevent the hazards occurring.
(2) It may occur when two plate collide. (2) have a low level of awareness of the hazards
(3) It may occur when two plates move apart. among citizens.
(4) It is caused by an outflow of lava. (3) lack a good prediction system.
(4) lack an effective relief plan.
A. (1) and (3) only
B. (2) and (4) only A. (1) and (2) only C. (1), (3) and (4) only
C. (1), (2) and (4) only B. (3) and (4) only D. All of the above
D. (2), (3) and (4) only
Ch 1/ hazards/P.7

2006
11. Which of the following are common 15.
phenomena caused by volcanic
eruptions?
(1) mudflows (3) land subsidence
(2) tsunamis (4) hill fires
A. (1) only C. (2) and (3) only
B. (1) and (4) only D. (2) and (4) only
When the rock strata are subject to forces as shown
in the diagram above, what processes may result?
12. (1) faulting (3) earthquakes
(2) folding (4) vulcanicity

A. (1) and (3) only C. (1), (2) and (3) only

B. (2) and (4) only D. (2), (3) and (4) only

16. Which of the following are common measures adopted

by more developed countries to minimize damage
The diagram above shows a landform feature found caused by natural hazards?
along a plate boundary. By which tectonic processes
is it formed? (1) hazard prediction (3) seeking international aid
(2) land use planning (4) a warning system
(1) Intrusive vulcanicity (3) folding
(2) Extrusive vulcanicity (4) faulting A. (1) and (4) only C. (1), (2) and (4) only
A. (1) and (3) only C. (1), (2) and (4) only B. (2) and (3) only D. (2), (3) and (4) only
B. (2) and (4) only D. (2), (3) and (4) only

13. Earthquakes frequently occur in Taiwan because 17.

it is situated at the
A. zone of subduction between the Eurasian
Plate and the Pacific Plate.
B. zone of subduction between Eurasian Plate
and the Philippine Plate.
C. zone of spreading between the Eurasian
Plate and the Pacific Plate.
D. zone of spreading between the Eurasian
Plate and the Philippine Plate.

14. Which of the following are the characteristics of

the plate boundary where the Himalayas are
located?
(1) two continental plates colliding there The photographs above show part of Indonesia before and
(2) the oceanic plate colliding with the after the tsunami in December 2004. Which kinds of damage
continental plate there can be identified from the photographs?
(3) relatively inactive extrusive vulcanicity
(4) no subduction zone (1) Drowning of coastal areas
A. (1) and (4) only C. (1), (3) and (4) only (2) Serious destruction of vegetation
B. (2) and (3) only D. (2), (3) and (4) only (3) Drowning of housing
(4) Loss of agricultural areas
A. (1) and (4) only
B. (2) and (3) only
C. (2), (3) and (4) only
D. (1), (2), (3) and (4)
Ch 1/ hazards/P.8

2007

For questions 39 and 40 42.

The photograph above shows a scene in Pakistan after

the occurrence of a natural disaster in October, 2005.
Which of the following can account for the great
39. Which of the following statements about places P, Q, R damage shown?
and S in the map above are CORRECT? (1) Poor building structure
(1) At P, islands are formed when two plates move apart. (2) High population density
(2) At Q, islands are formed by lava flowing out from a (3) Great magnitude of the disaster
hot spot. (4) Lack of evacuation plan
(3) At R, earthquakes are less frequent in this continent. A. (1) and (3) only C. (1), (3) and (4) only
(4) At S, an ocean trench is formed by the subduction of B. (2) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4)
an oceanic plate beneath a continental plate.

A. (1) and (2) only C. (1), (3) and (4) only

B. (3) and (4) only D. (2), (3) and (4) only 43.

40. Which of the following statements about Easter Island is

CORRECT?
A. It is a volcanic island formed along the destructive
plate boundary.
B. It is a volcanic island formed by sea-floor spreading.
C. It is a submarine volcano.
D. It is a volcano formed near the ocean trench between
the Pacific Plate and the Nazca Plate.

41. Arrange the following processes of the formation of

tsunami in the most appropriate sequence.
(1) The denser oceanic plate subducts into the upper
mantle
(2) Pressure is released and an earthquake occurs.
(3) A continental plate collides with an oceanic plate.
(4) Plate movement results from endogenetic
processes.
(5) A tsunami is generated when the sea floor Which of the following are the possible threats to the
suddenly deforms and destructive waves attack lives of the people shown in the above photograph?
the coastal areas. (1) acid rain (3) poisonous gas
A. (3)g(4) g(5) g(1) g(2) (2) hill fires (4) volcanic bombs
B. (1) g(2) g(5) g(4) g(3)
C. (4) g(3) g(1) g(2) g(5) A. (1) and (3) only C. (2), (3) and (4) only
D. (4) g(5) g(1) g(2) g(3) B. (2) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4)
Ch 1/ hazards/P.9

2007
2008
44. Gas was ejected from the crater of Mt. Fuji in 2004.
With such potential danger, why did the local 12. Refer to the following diagram for Q12 and Q.13
residents choose to stay?
(1) They had confidence in the warning system.
(2) They had built up their social and economic ties.
(3) They believed that the volcano would not erupt in
their lifetime.
(4) They believed that the ejection of gas was not
strong evidence for the awakening of the volcano.

A. (1) and (3) only C. (1), (2) and (3) only

B. (2) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4)

45.

12. Which of the following statements about belt Y

are CORRECT?
(1) The whole belt is a destructive plate
boundary.
(2) It is located on the rim of the Pacific
Ocean.
(3) There are frequent natural hazards.
(4) It is named the ‘Ring of Fire”.

A. (1) and (2) only

Refer to the above sketch. Identify the possible natural
B. (1) and (3) only
hazards at X.
C. (2), (3) and (4) only
(1) An earthquake
D. (1) (2), (3) and (4)
(2) A landslide
(3) A lava flow
13. Which of the following statements are
(4) A tsunami
CORRECT?
(1) Japan is located on the constructive plate
A. (1) and (4) only C. (1), (3) and (4) only
boundary.
B. (2) and (3) only D.(1), (2), (3) and (4)
(2) Japan is an island arc.
(3) X is the Philippine Plate.
2008 (4) Tectonic activities in Japan are frequent.

A. (1), (2) and (3) only C. (1), (3) and (4) only
11. B. (1), (2) and (4) only D. (2), (3) and (4) only

14. Despite Hong Kong’s limited land area, the

landform features resulting from endogenetic
processes are varied. These endogenetic
processes include:
(1) Denudation (3) faulting
(2) Folding (4) vulcanicity

A. (1) and (2) only

B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2), (3) and (4) only
D. (1), (2), (3) and (4)
A. (1) and (3) only
B. (2) and (4) only
C. (1), (2) and (4) only
D. (1), (2), (3) and (4)
Ch 1/ hazards/P.10

2008 2009
15.
11.

In which of the following regions will the natural

hazard shown in the above photographs most likely
occur?
(1) Great Dividing Range, Australia
(2) The San Andreas Fault, North America
(3) The Andes, South America
Which region in the figure above has frequent (4) The Himalayas, Asia
occurrences of major earthquakes?
A. (1), (2) and (3) only A. (1), (2) and (3) only
B. (1), (2) and (4) only B. (1), (2) and (4) only
C. (1), (3) and (4) only C. (1), (3) and (4) only
D. (2), (3) and (4) only D. (2), (3) and (4) only
16. 12.
Which of the following might trigger
earthquakes?
(1) Volcanic eruptions
(2) Plate movements
(3) Construction of large scale reservoirs
(4) Underground nuclear tests
A. (1) and (2) only C. (2),(3) and (4) only
B. (1) and (3) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4)

Which of the following descriptions about

17. vulcanicity are CORRECT?
(1) Volcanic eruptions emit lava only.
(2) Volcanic eruptions can induce Which of the volcanic island regions shown in the
tsunamis. above figure are formed by the collision of plates?
(3) Intrusion forms volcanic cones.
(4) Major volcano belts coincide with A. 1 and 2 only
major earthquake belts. B. 1 and 4 only
C. 2 and 3 only
A. (1) and (3) only D. 3 and 4 only
B. (2) and (4) only
C. (1), (2) and (4) only
D. (1), (2), (3) and (4)
Ch 1/ hazards/P.11

15.
2009
13.

Which of the following may explain the great

destruction in the area shown in the above photograph
after the approach of a tsunami?
(1) Weak building structure
Refer to the above map. Which of the following
(2) Lack of highland in the area
descriptions about Hawaii are CORRECT?
(3) Close proximity to the sea
(1) It is a hazard-prone area.
(4) Absence of sea-wall
(2) All tsunamis affecting Hawaii are triggered by
A. (1) and (3) only C. (1), (2) and (4) only
earthquakes at destructive plate boundaries.
B. (2) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4)
(3) All tsunamis is produced by earthquakes in
South America may reach Hawaii within 15
14. Violent volcanic activities will not occur at
hours.
conservative plate boundaries because those are
(4) It is affected by tsunamis coming from the whole
regions of
Circum-Pacific zone.
A. subduction.
A. (1) and (4) only C. (2), (3) and (4) only
B. less active plate melting.
B. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4)
C. less active plate activities.
D. old fold mountain belts.
16.

The above photograph shows workers of an

international organization unloading emergency
supplies in a city hit by earthquakes. What other
relief work will such an organisation be involved in?
(1) Providing medical services
(2) Rebuilding infrastructure in the city
(3) Setting up temporary shelters for the
homeless
(4) Searching for survivors in ruins
A. (1) and (2) only C. (1), (3) and (4) only
B. (3) and (4) only D. (1),(2),(3) and (4)
Ch 1/ hazards/P.12

2010

40. 45.
[ [
鍵 鍵
入 入
文 文
件 件
的 的
引 引
文 文
或 或
重 重 A. (1) and (2) only C. (1), (2) and (3) only
點 點 B. (3) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4)
的 的 Refer to the following diagram for Q 38 & 39
A. (1) and (4) only C. (2), (3) and (4) only
摘 摘
B. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4)
要 要
。 。
42.
您 您
可 可
以 以
將 將
文 文
38.
字 字
[
方 方
鍵
塊 塊
入
放 放
文
在 在
件
文 文
的
件 件
引 A. (1) and (3) only C. (1), (3) and (4) only
中 中
文 B. (2) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4)
的 的
或
任 任 39. Which of the following comparisons about sites A and B are CORRECT?
重 Site A Site B
何 何
點 (1) Frequent tectonic hazards No tectonic hazards
位 位
的 (2) Located at the destructive Located at the centre of
置 A. (2) g (4) g (3) g (1) 置 plate boundary the plate
摘
。 B. (4) g (1) g(2) g(3) 。 (3) No volcanic eruption Frequent volcanic
要 eruptions
使 C. (3) g (2) g (4) g(1) 使
。 (4) Affected by earthquakes Prone to tsunamis
用 D. (4) g (2) g (1) g(3) 用
您 A. (1) and (2) only C. (1), (3) and (4) only
[ [
可 B. (3) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4)
繪 繪
以
圖 圖
將
工 工
文
Ch 1/ hazards/P.13

2010
41.
[ 12.
鍵 [
入 鍵
文 入
件 文
的 件
引 的
文 引
或 文
重 或
點 重 X Y Z
的 點 A. Subduction Yes No Yes
摘 的 B Vulcanicity Yes No No
A. 要 (1) and (2) only C. (1), (2) and (4) only C Folding Yes Yes Yes
摘
B. 。 (3) and (4) only D. (2), (3) and (4) only D. Faulting Yes Yes Yes
要
您 。
可2011 您13.
以 可[
11. 將
以鍵
[ 文 將入
鍵 字 文文
入 方 字件
文 塊 方的
件 放 塊引
的 在 放文
引 文 在或
文 件 文重
或 中 件點 A. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only
重 的 中的 B. (1) and (4) only D. (2) and (4) only
點 任 的摘
的 何 任要
摘 位A. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only
何。
要 置B. (1) and (4) only D. (2) and (4) only
位您
。 。 置可
您 使 。以
可 用 使將
以 [ 用文
將 繪 [字
文 圖 繪方
字 工
Ch 1/ hazards/P.14

2011 2012 Practice Paper

14.
.[
鍵
入
文
件
的
引
文
或 Which of the following CORRECTLY describe
6. the formation of the landform features shown
重 in the above diagram?
點
A. (1), (2) and (3) only
的
B. (1), (2) and (4) only
摘 C. (1), (3) and (4) only
D. (2), (3) and (4) only
要
。
您16. Which of the following occurs at all plate boundaries?
可 A. Earthquake
以 B. Subduction of continental plate
將 C. Creation or destruction of crust
文 D. Hot spot 7.
字
方
塊
放
在
文
件
中
的
任
何
位
置
。
使
用
[
繪
圖
工
Ch 1/ hazards/P.15

2012 Practice Paper

8. 2012 HKDSE

For questions 6 and 7

9. 6.

A. (1) and (2) only C. (2) and (3) only

B. (1) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3)

7. Which of the following correctly describes the characteristics

of island P and Q?
Island P Island Q
A. Plate boundary destructive constructive
B. Type of volcano Active volcano Extinct
volcano
C. Landform Volcanic island Volcanic island
arc
D. Internal force Tension compression

8.
10.

Which of the following measures DOES NOT Landform X and landform Y are respectively
help to reduce the loss caused by the natural A. rift valley and fold mountain
hazard shown in the above photograph? B. rift valley and block mountain
A. Insurance C. warning system C. fold mountain and rift valley.
D. block mountain and rift valley.
B. Drilling D. land use zoning
Ch 1/ hazards/P.16

2012 DSE 10.

9. Which of the following descriptions about the East
African Rift Zone are correct?
(1) Mostly formed by compression
(2) Located at the constructive plate boundary
(3) Faulting occurs
A. (1) and (2) only C. (2) and (3) only
B. (1) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3)

10.
Which of the following correctly explain the factors
affecting the degree of damage by a tsunami?

Higher Lower Which of the following are correct labels for the
X-axis in the above graph?
(1) Relief low-lying Highland
(2) Depth of coastal Deeper Shallower
water
(3) Population dense sparse
density

A. (1) and (2) only C. (2) and (3) only

B. (1) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3)

2013
9.

For Q. 11 to 13
11.

Which of the following pairs of comparison between

layer X and Y in the figure are correct?

A. (1) and (2) only C. (2) and (3) only

B. (1) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3)

A. (1) and (2) only C. (2) and (3) only

B. (1) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3)
Ch 1/ hazards/P.17

2013
12.
12. The formation of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge is resulted
from the
A. convergence of plate X and plate Z.
B. divergence of plate X and plate Z.
C. convergence of plate X and plate Y.
D. divergence of plate X and plate Y.

13. Despite the frequent occurrence of tectonic

hazards at R, why do people still choose to live
there?
(1) Scenic spots
(2) Mild climate
(3) Rich resources
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only Which of the following explain the disastrous impact of
D. (1), (2) and (3) the tsunami on Sendai, Japan in 2011?
(1) proximity to the epicenter of earthquake
(2) large displacement of the earth crust
(3) great increase in the height of sea waves due to
2014 sheltered bay
A. (1) and (2) only
9. Which of the following statements about the B. (1) and (3) only
structure of the earth are correct? C. (2) and (3) only
(1) The asthenosphere is thicker than the earth’s D. (1), (2) and (3)
crust.
(2) The lower mantle is in molten form.
(3) The outer core is less dense than the inner core.
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
13.
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)

10. Which of the following features is not formed by

intrusive vulcanicity?
A. Batholith
B. Dyke
C. Laccolith
D. Lava plateau
Which of the following descriptions about the feature
shown in the above photograph are correct?
11. Collision of the Eurasian Plate and the Philippine (1) The feature is formed by compressional force.
Plate has produced (2) Rock displacement has occurred.
(1) ocean trench. (3) Faulting has occurred.
(2) oceanic ridge.
(3) volcanic island arc. A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
A. (1) and (2) only C. (2) and (3) only
B. (1) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3)
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)
Ch 1/ hazards/P.18

2015

11.

9. Which of the following pairs of comparison between

places X and Y are correct?

Place X Place Y
(1) Rock age older younger
(2) Depth of ocean shallower deeper
(3) Tectonic less active more
activities active
A. (1) and (2) only Which of the following are the immediate impact of
B. (1) and (3) only the tectonic hazard shown in the above photograph?
C. (2) and (3) only (1) higher agricultural outputs
D. (1), (2) and (3) (2) people being buried by volcanic ash
(3) lower visibility
10. Which of the following descriptions of plate
boundaries I and II are correct? A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
Plate Plate C. (2) and (3) only
boundary I boundary D. (1), (2) and (3)
II
(1) Internal force Shearing Tensional 12. Refer to the diagram below
(2) Tectonic Volcanic Volcanic
hazard(s) eruption eruption
and
earthquake
(3) Effect on the No new New
lithosphere crustal crustal
materials materials
formed formed

A. (1) and (2) only

B. (1) and (3) only
Which of the following is (are) the result(s) of
C. (2) and (3) only
faulting shown in the above figure?
D. (1), (2) and (3)
(1) X slides down.
(2) Rift valley is formed at Y.
(3) Normal fault is formed at Z.
A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only
D. (2) and (3) only
Ch 1/ hazards/P.19

2016

Refer to the figure below to answer Q 9 to 11. 12. Refer the figure below which shows faulting.

Which of the following is (are) the correct

description(s) of the above figure?
(1) Occurrence of normal fault
9. Which of the following pairs of comparison between (2) Formed by compressional force
plates M and N are correct? (3) Vertical displacement of rock layers
Plate M Plate N A. (1) only
(1) Type of plate Continental Oceanic
(2) Thickness thicker thinner B. (2) only
(3) Density higher lower C. (1) and (3) only
A. (1) and (2) only
D. (2) and (3) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3) 13. Refer to the figure below which shows
intrusive vulcanicity.

10. Which of the following descriptions of island X

is correct?
A. Presence of fold mountains
B. Presence of volcanic activities
C. Formed by convergence of plates
D. Located at subduction zone

11. There were only 13 deaths in the 2015

earthquake in area Y which measured 8.3 on
the Richter scale. Which of the following best P Q R S

explain the low death toll in the earthquakes? A. Dyke Sill Laccolith Batholith

(1) Government issued preventive warnings. B Batholith Laccolith Sill Dyke

(2) The earthquake mainly affected less densely C Laccolith Dyke Batholith Sill
populated regions. D. Sill Batholith Dyke Laccolith
(3) Strong building materials in the rural areas.
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)
Ch 1/ hazards/P.20

2017

9. Which of the following processes have occurred 12. Which of the following measures may help to
in the Himalayan region? reduce casualties in earthquakes?
(1) Folding (2) faulting (3) vulcanicity (1) earthquake-proof structures
A. (1) and (2) only (2) well-equipped rescue teams
B. (1) and (3) only (3) earthquake drills
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3) A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
10. Refer to the figure below which shows the D. (1), (2) and (3)
chain of Hawaiian volcanic islands.

2018
9. Which of the following pairs of comparison
between continental crust and oceanic c rust
are correct?
Continental Oceanic crust
crust
(1) Area Smaller Larger
(2) Density Higher Lower
Which of the following are correct descriptions of the (3) Thickness Thicker Thinner
above figure?
(1) Hot spot has created this chain of volcanic
A. (1) and (2) only
islands.
(2) The chain of volcanic islands occurs along the B. (1) and (3) only
conservative plate boundary. C. (2) and (3) only
(3) The age of volcanoes increases from SE to D. (1), (2) and (3)
NW.
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)

11. Which of the following factors affect the

intensity of earthquakes?
(1) the number of aftershocks
(2) the distance from the epicentre
(3) the duration of shaking

A. (1) and (2) only

B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)
Ch 1/ hazards/P.21
Refer to the satellite images below to answer 12. Refer to the figure below.
Questions 10 and 11. The images show an area
before and after a tectonic activity.

Which of the following statements of the

mountain ranges shown in the above figure are
correct?

(1) They are formed by tensional force.

(2) They are formed by folding.
10. Feature X formed after the tectonic activity is (3) Faulting occurs during their formation.
A. A volcano.
A. (1) and (2) only
B. An ocean trench.
B. (1) and (3) only
C. A fold mountain.
C. (2) and (3) only
D. A block mountain.
D. (1), (2) and (3)

11. Which of the following is (are) the

consequence(s) of the tectonic activity? 2019
(1) Rise in sea-level
7. Refer to the photograph below.
(2) New land formation
(3) Great loss of life and property
A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only
D. (2) and (3) only

Which of the following statements of the feature

shown in the photograph is/are correct?
(1) It is formed by compressional force.
(2) There is an occurrence of reserve fault.
(3) There is vertical displacement of rock layers.
A. (1) only C. (1) and (2) only
B. (3) only D. (2) and (3) only
Ch 1/ hazards/P.22

8. Refer to the figure below.

2020
Refer to the figure below to answer Questions 7 and
8.

7. Which of the following statements of plates X and

Which of the following statements of the Y is/are correct?
(1) Plate X is thinner than plate Y.
mountain range in the figure is/are correct?
(2) Plate X is less dense than plate Y.
(1) It is formed by tensional force. (3) Both plates X and Y consist of oceanic crust.
(2) It runs parallel with adjacent ocean trench. A. (1) only
(3) There is the presence of volcanic activity. B. (2) only
A. (1) only C. (1) and (2) only C. (1 and (3) only
D. (2) and (3)
B. (3) only D. (2) and (3) only
8. Which of the following are the landform features
found respectively at plate boundaries P, Q and R?

Plate boundary Plate boundary Plate boundary

P Q R
A. Fold mountain Mid-oceanic Rift valley
ridge
B. Mid-oceanic Rift valley Fold mountain
ridge
C. Mid-oceanic Fold mountain Rift valley
ridge
D. Rift valley Mid-oceanic
ridge
Ch 1/ hazards/P.23

2021
7. Refer to the figure below which shows the 2022
structure of the earth. 7. The photograph below shows a tectonic
landform feature.

Which of the following pairs of comparison Which of the following statements about
between layers X and Y in the above figure is/are the landform feature is/ are correct?
correct?
Layer X Layer Y (1) It results from compressional force.
(1) Density lower higher (2) It is associated with active vulcanicity.
(2) Physical state solid liquid
(3) Chemical magnesium aluminum (3) It is located at the plate boundary.
composition A. (1) only C. (1) and (2) only
A. (1) only C. (1) and (2) only B. (3) only D. (2) and (3) only
B. (3) only D. (2) and (3) only
8. Which of the following comparisons
8. Refer to the photograph below which shows a between the different layers of the earth’s
tectonic feature. structure is / are correct?
Crust Core
(1) Physical state solid liquid and
solid
(2) Density higher lower
(3) Chemical mainly mainly iron
composition silica and
magnesium

A. (1) only C.(1) and (2) only

B. (3) only D. (2) and (3) only
Which of the following statements about the formation of the
tectonic feature is/are correct?
(1) It is resulted from the collision of two continental plates.
(2) It is formed by cooling and solidification of magma.
(3) It is a resultant landform of extrusive vulcanicity.
A. (1) only C. (1) and (2) only
B. (3) only D. (2) and (3) only
Ch 1/ hazards/P.24

2023
7. Refer to the graph below.

Which of the following is/ are possible

label(s) for the Y-axis in the above graph?
(1) depth of ocean
(2) ages of rocks
(3) frequency of volcanic eruptions
A. (1) only
B. (3) only
C. (1) and (2) only
D. (1) and (3) only

8. Which of the following statements about

a hotspot is correct?
A. It is located at the core.
B. Its location changes over time.
C. It causes plate movement.
D. It is formed by the presence of mantle
plume.