LIDETA SUB CITY ADMINISTRATION EDUCATION OFFICE

GRADE 12 GEOGRAPHY MODEL EXAMINATIONS

2016E.C/ 2024G.C

NUMBER OF QUESTIONS: 100 TIME ALLOWED: - 2: HOURS

GENERAL DIRECTIONS
THIS BOOKLET CONTAINS EXAMINATION GEOGRAPHY. IN THIS EXAMINATION,
THERE ARE A TOTAL OF 100 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS.
CAREFULLY SELECT THE BEST ANSWER AND BLACKEN ONLY THE LETTER OF
YOUR CHOICE ON THE SEPARATE ANSWER SHEET PROVIDED. FOLLOW THE
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WAIT FOR FURTHER INSTRUCTIONS.
ANY FORM OF CHEATING OR AN ATTEMPT TO CHEAT IN THE EXAMINATION WILL
RESULT IN AN AUTOMATIC DISMISSAL FROM THE EXAMINATION HALL AND
CANCELLATION OF YOUR SCORE (S).
PLEASE MAKE SURE THAT YOU HAVE WRITTEN ALL THE REQUIRED INFORMATION
ON THE ANSWER SHEET BEFORE YOU START TO WORK ON THE EXAMINATION.

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.

CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER FROM THE SUGGESTED OPTIONS AND BLACKEN THE
LETTER OF YOUR CHOICE ON THE SEPARATE ANSWER SHEET PROVIDED
1. The following are evidences in the support of continental drift theory. EXCEPT?
A. Climate similarity C. Fitting of the continental shelves
B. Fossil evidence D. Uniform distribution of earthquakes
2. What is the main idea behind the continental drift theory?
A. Earth is expanding over time
B. Continents are stationary
C. Continents were once joined together and have drifted apart
D. Oceans are shrinking
3. Who proposed the continental drift theory?
A. Isaac Newton C. Charles Darwin
B. Alfred Wegener D. Galileo Galilei
4. What was one major criticism faced by Alfred Wegener's continental drift theory when it was initially
proposed?
A. Lack of fossil evidence C) No mechanism explaining the drift
B. Insufficient geological data D) Inconsistencies in magnetic patterns
5. Of the following one is a geological process involves the breakdown of rock into smaller particles over
time?
A. Erosion C. Metamorphism
B. Weathering D. Volcanism
6. What is the primary driving force behind tectonic plate movements?
A. Solar radiation C. Convection currents in the mantle
B. Earth's rotation D. Magnetic attraction
7. Which type of geological process is responsible for the formation of caves through the dissolution of
soluble rocks?
A. Glaciation B. Volcanism C. Groundwater erosion D. Isostasy
8. The following are true about Block Mountain and a rift valley in terms of tectonic processes?
A. Block Mountains form through folding, while rift valleys result from faulting.
B. Block Mountains and rift valleys are landforms created by the divergent or extensional forces
C. Block Mountains form at convergent boundaries, while rift valleys result from conservative
boundaries.
D. Block Mountains are exclusively found underwater, while rift valleys are marine landforms.
9. What causes an earthquake?
A. Atmospheric pressure C. Solar radiation
B. Tectonic plate movement D. Ocean currents
10. Which instrument is commonly used to measure the magnitude of an earthquake?
A. Barometer B. Seismometer C. Thermometer D. Hydrometer
11. What is the Ring of Fire in relation to earthquakes?
A. A zone with no earthquake activity C. A belt of high seismic and volcanic activity
B. An oceanic trench D. A mountain range

2 GRADE 12 GEOGRAPHY MODEL EXAMINATION | LIDETA SUBCITY, 2024

12. What is a tsunami, and how is it related to underwater earthquakes?
A. Tsunamis are a type of seismic wave caused by underground volcanic activity.
B. Tsunamis are unrelated to earthquakes and have a separate origin.
C. Tsunamis are large ocean waves triggered by underwater earthquakes.
D. Tsunamis are a type of seismic energy released directly from the Earth's core.
13. What causes the magma beneath the Earth's surface to rise and eventually lead to a volcanic eruption?
A. Gravitational pull of earth C. Pressure from magma chamber
B. Earth's rotation movement D. Ocean current waves
14. Which type of volcano has steep slopes (profile) and is composed of alternating layers of ash and lava?
A. Shield volcano C. Cinder cone
B. Stratovolcano D. Caldera
15. Among the following one is not found in the plutonic (internal) structures of rock?
A. Batholith B. Hot spring C. Sill D. Dike
16. Which of the following is an example of denudation?
A. Sediment deposition in river deltas C. Wearing down of land by water
B. Formation of sand dunes in deserts D. Lava flow during a volcanic eruption
17. What is an example of physical weathering?
A. Dissolution of limestone by acidic rain
B. Formation of rust on iron surfaces
C. Thermal change of rock b/n day and night
D. Chemical breakdown of minerals through hydrolysis
18. From the following Physical weathering scree develop in changing the rock called?
A. Thermal expansion C. Plant and animal action
B. Frost action D. Chemical action
19. Which of the following factors accelerates chemical weathering of rocks?
A. Extremely low temperatures C. Presence of acidic substances
B. Rapid erosion by wind D. Arid desert conditions
20. The following are causes that move the soil and rock particles from one place to another. EXCEPT?
A. Underground water B. Glacier C. Magma D. Running water
21. What landform is created by the deposition of sediment at a river's mouth?
A. Delta B. Canyon C. Escarpment D. Gorge
22. What is the term for a crescent-shaped lake formed when a meander loop is cut off from the main river?
A. Floodplain B. Oxbow lake C. Estuary D. Levee
23. What term describes the point where two rivers meet?
A. Confluence B. Estuary C. Distributary D. Tributary
24. What characterizes the landscape in the lower course of a river?
A. Uplifted terraces C. V-shaped valleys
B. Oxbow lakes D. Estuaries and floodplains
25. What is a notable consequence of melting ice caps and glaciers linked to global climate change?
A. Decreased sea levels C. Loss of habitat for polar bears
B. Increased freshwater availability D. Expansion of Arctic ice cover

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26. What is the primary trend observed in global temperatures over the past century?
A. Steady decrease C. Consistent warming
B. Fluctuating with no discernible pattern D. Rapid cooling
27. Of the following one is caused by human activities like deforestation and air pollution from
transportation and industry have store gases and aerosols in the atmosphere.
A. GHG B. Co2 C. O3 D. No2
28. How do greenhouse gases contribute to the greenhouse effect?
A. By blocking sunlight from reaching the Earth's surface
B. By absorbing and warming the atmosphere
C. By thickening the ozone layer
D. By increasing the Earth's albedo
29. In which of the listed decade did the global temperature increase the most?
A. 1960 B) 1690 C) 1990 D. 1920
30. By the end of the 21st century, IPCC has projected that if greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions continue to
rise, the mean global temperatures will increase from:
A. 1.40°C to 5.80 °C C. 22.5c to 30.21°C
B. 5.99°C to 10°C D. 14.0°C to 20°C
31. One of the following is Not Milankovich cycles that play a role in shaping Earth's climate through
natural processes?
A. Equinox B) Eccentricity C) Wobbling D) Obliquity
32. Among the following one is the human induced climate change?
A. Release from industry C. Variations in Solar Output
B. Atmospheric Particles D. Volcanic eruptions
33. Which one of the following is not indicator of a warming world?
A. Increase species migrating pole ward and upward
B. Decrease in ice sheet cover
C. Rise in sea surface temperature
D. Expansion of glaciers
34. How can climate change impact global food security?
A. Leads to an abundance of crops, improving food availability
B. Decreases the occurrence of extreme weather events affecting agriculture
C. Disrupts agricultural productivity, leading to food shortages
D. Has no effect on food production
35. What health risks are associated with climate change?
A. Decreased prevalence of infectious diseases
B. Increased heat-related illnesses and diseases
C. Improved air quality and respiratory health
D. No impact on human health
36. What effect does climate change have on ocean ecosystems and coral reefs?
A. Enhances coral reef resilience
B. Promotes optimal conditions for marine life
C. Negatively impacts marine biodiversity
D. Causes ocean acidification with no impact on marine ecosystems
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37. What impact does climate change have on glaciers and ice caps?
A. Accelerates ice growth and expansion
B. Causes glaciers and ice caps to shrink and melt
C. Maintains stable ice volumes
D. Promotes iceberg formation
38. What is the primary goal of climate change adaptation?
A. To eliminate greenhouse gas emissions
B. To reduce the impacts of climate change
C. To promote deforestation
D. To increase carbon sequestration in the atmosphere
39. Which of the following country had an intention to withdraw from the Paris Agreement in mid-2017:
A. USA B. Russia C. China D. France
40. What is the objective of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)?
A. Promote fossil fuel use for developed countries
B. Address climate change through international cooperation
C. Ignore environmental issues in terms of energy consumption
D. Encourage deforestation to sustain climate resilient approach
41. Adjustments in ecological, social or economic systems in response to actual or expected stimuli and
their effects or impacts is known as _______
A. Mitigation B. Adaptation C. Protection D. Hazard
42. The Kyoto Protocol aimed to reduce emissions from:
A. Developed countries C. All countries equally
B. Developing countries D. Only the United States
43. The following are the most commonly identified adaptation strategies to climate change in Ethiopia.
Except?
A. Erecting buildings C. Terracing
B. Soil conservation D. Water harvesting
44. The following are the pillars of Climate Resilient Green Economy of Ethiopia. Except
A. Leapfrogging to modern and energy-efficient technologies
B. Expanding electricity generation from renewable sources of energy
C. Protecting and re-establishing forests for their economic and ecosystem
D. Establishing and promoting coal and fuel energy consumption
45. Sustainable development involved in the needs of the present without making a deal of:
A. Population C. Present generation
B. Past generation D. Future generation
46. Among the following are aspects of the sustainable development goal. Except?
A. Zero Hunger C. Sustainable Tourism
B. Clean Water and Sanitation D. Decent Work and Economic Growth
47. What role do the guurti elders play in Somali conflict management?
A. Law enforcement officers C. Community mediators
B. Judges and jury D. Political representatives

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48. Which approach is often utilized to enhance community-based resource management?
A. Collaborative management C. Government-controlled initiatives
B. Exclusive decision-making D. Resource privatization
49. What is an essential feature highlighted in improving basic governance to prevent conflicts over natural
resources?
A. Increasing conflicts over resources C. Over-enforcement of laws
B. Transparent decision-making D. Unequal resource access
50. What is one of the main challenges mentioned in natural resource governance?
A. Clear distribution of benefits C. Minimal public participation
B. Over-enforcement of resource rights D. Transparent decision-making
51. What are the five sub-spheres that make up the geosphere?
A. Hydrosphere, Stratosphere, Thermosphere, Exosphere, Troposphere
B. Lithosphere, Biosphere, Mesosphere, Atmosphere, Anthroposphere
C. Lithosphere, Hydrosphere, Atmosphere(troposphere), Biosphere
D. Ionosphere, Lithosphere, Troposphere, Thermosphere, Pedosphere
52. What is the major focus of geography’s area of study?
A. Studying human anatomy and physiology
B. Astronomy and astrophysics
C. Understanding the earth and its environment
D. Investigating the solely human world
53. What geographical phenomenon does the topical approach primarily focus on?
A. Regional demarcations and boundaries
B. Social structures and economic activities
C. Landscape formations process of the earth
D. Distribution of elements such as, landform
54. How was geography perceived before the emergence of applied geography as a science?
A. As a subject exclusively reserved for educational purposes
B. As a field primarily focusing on metaphysical and philosophical inquiries
C. As a purely descriptive and unscientific field lacking explanatory power
D. As a science closely aligned with physics and chemistry
55. Which of the following era is wrongly paired with the biological events that took place in the horn?
A. Cenozoic Era -----Dinosaurs C. Paleozoic Era -----Invertebrates
B. Precambrian Era -----Amoeba D. Mesozoic Era ------Reptiles
56. Drainage basin refers to:
A. The entire area drained by the major river and its tributaries.
B. The direction and destination of principal rivers.
C. A higher ground that serves as a source of water for rivers.
D. The arrangement of a river and its tributaries.
57. Which one describes the nature of African economic base?
A. Dominant by service sectors C. Dominated by primary sector
B. Strong regional trade networks D. Less vulnerable to climate change

6 GRADE 12 GEOGRAPHY MODEL EXAMINATION | LIDETA SUBCITY, 2024

58. Addis Ababa and Awash are lie at the same latitudinal extent experiences overhead sun throughout
the year and might not have uniform temperature distribution over the earth surface. What is the main
factor of this climate variation?
A. Weather system C. Altitude
B. Cloud covers D. Latitude
59. Which one of the following region has the longest population doubling time?
A. Europe C. Asia
B. Africa D. South America
60. Which of the following types of erosion results in the formation of deeper and wider ditches?
A. Rill erosion C. sheet erosion
B. dip erosion D. gully erosion
61. Which factor is used to classify urban and rural land uses?
A. Types of economic activities C. relief
B. interests of the residences D. types of soil
62. What causes longer population doubling time?
A. Higher migration rate C. Higher death rate
B. lower fertility rate D. higher birth rate
63. Why does tropical rain forest support high diversity of fauna and flora? Because of its
A. Mountainous nature C. low rainfall and temperature
B. High rainfall and temperature D. high fertile soils
64. The population pyramid which is wider at the base and narrow at the apex is mostly the characteristic of:
A. Developing countries C. North America countries
B. Developed countries D. Advanced countries
65. All of the following are the challenges of socio economic development of Africa. Except
A. Corruption C. Good governance
B. Civil war D. Lack of capital
66. One of the following is NOT among the advantages of Vertical Exaggeration?
A. Increase in visual effectiveness of a given relief
B. Clearly visualize the terrain of an area
C. Very strong mental impression
D. Steeper Slope of a hillside than it actually is
67. Which of the following topographic features represent on maps by closed contours more or less circular
shapes with value decreased towards the center?
A. Mountain B. Depression C. Plateau D. Spur
68. In which of the following function of settlement is a center of exchange of goods and services?
A. Commercial town C. Market towns
B. Industrial towns D. Administrative town
69. A means of transport that requires the lowest gradient due to the lowest climbing capacity is:
A. Train C. Ordinary cars
B. Bicycles D. 4 wheel drive cars

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70. Which of the following statements Correct about “Brain – drain”?
A. People move for political reasons and ethnic conflicts
B. Movements of highly educated people for better working conditions and payments
C. Movements of people caused by natural calamities (earthquake)
D. People move from one place to another for agricultural activities
71. Among the following transport systems, which one is the so fast and most expensive?
A. Road transport C. Air transport
B. Railway transport D. Water transport
72. Which of the following is the characteristic of tropical rain forest?
A. The have high species of diversity C. Most of the trees are soft woods
B. They have small and needle shaped leaves D. The most common plant species
73. Xerophytes are the plant species of:
A. Savanna grassland C. Desert and semi deserts vegetation
B. Afro Alpine vegetation D. Tropical rainforest
74. Which of the following is the most extensive land form in Africa?
A. Plateaus C. Mountains
B. Hills D. Plains
75. Which statement describes afforestation conservation measure?
A. Planting trees on bare lands C. Adopting alternative source of energy
B. Planting trees after harvest D. Planting trees on urban areas
76. Which of the following Era is responsible for the formation of the present surface configuration of the
African continent?
A. Precambrian Era C. Mesozoic Era
B. Paleozoic Era D. Cenozoic Era
77. Which of the following mountains were formed during the Hercynian orogeny in the Mesozoic era?
A. Cape Range C. Kilimanjaro
B. Atlas D. Ras Dejen
78. Which one of the following controls of climate affects the amount of incoming solar radiation a place
receives?
A. Altitudinal location C. Ocean currents
B. Latitudinal location D. Atmospheric Pressure
79. The Atlas and Cape Ranges have the lowest temperature in the continent as a result of:
A. Their short distance from the sea C. Dense vegetation covers
B. Their high altitudinal and latitudinal location D. High annual mean rainfall
80. The Zambezi, Wabishebelle and Juba rivers are the major basins in:
A. The Indian Ocean Drainage System C. The Atlantic Ocean Drainage System
B. The Mediterranean Sea Drainage System D. The Closed Drainage System

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81. In which one of the following alternatives of settlement hierarchies’ does population size, social service
deliveries and complexity eventually increased?
A. Hamlets-- –Cities----Metropolis---Conurbation----Megalopolis
B. Cities----Hamlets---Metropolis –---Megalopolis----Conurbation
C. Hamlets---Cities---- Conurbation ---Megalopolis---Metropolis
D. Hamlets----Metropolis----Cities----Conurbation---- Megalopolis
82. In which categories of settlement pattern do you categorize the towns that are found along the main
highway from Addis Ababa to Gondar?
A. Dispersed settlement C. Compacted settlement
B. Nucleated settlement D. Linear settlement
83. Which one of the following is a hand held surveying instrument used for measuring the elevation of
places?
A. Interpolation B. Altimeter C. Clinometer D. Stereoscope
84. Closed contour with elongated shape and the value increasing towards the center without specific tips
represents:
A. Plateau B. Depression C. Mountain D. Re- intrant
85. One of the following doesn’t explain the formation of a river capture?
A. The rock on the sides of the victim river is soft
B. The pirate river has a steeper course and erodes its course as a result
C. The victim river drain or erode the hard rock other side of pirate stream
D. Heavy erosion occurring on the pirate river’s side of the watershed
86. One of the following is NOT the main function of drawing cross-section on contour map?
A. To understand the nature and type of slope shown on map
B. To acquire skill in reading contour map
C. To understand the land scape whether places are intervisible or not
D. To identify the type and pattern of human settlements
87. Two places are said to be interivisible
A. If there is a concave slope between the two points
B. If they are separated by an overhanging cliff
C. If there is high altitude between the two points
D. If they located at the opposite side of a high ground
88. Which one of the following combination is wrongly paired in terms of their delivery to perform certain
useful functions?
A. Addis Ababa and New York-------Holiday resort and safari resorts
B. Diredawa and Hawasa-------------Industrial town
C. Jerusalem and Mecca-------------Ecclesiastical town
D. Oxford and Cambridge universities------------ educational town

9 GRADE 12 GEOGRAPHY MODEL EXAMINATION | LIDETA SUBCITY, 2024

89. The Geographic Information System (GIS) is directly useful tool for all the following. EXCEPT
A. Regulating and monitoring traffic flows
B. For the development of master plane
C. Modifying harsh climate
D. Mapping, analyzing and managing weather condition
90. Which one of the following is correctly describe the Mozambique Ocean current?
A. It has a cooling effect on the border areas of north western Africa.
B. It has a warming effect on the South-western parts of Africa
C. It has a warming effect on the peripheral parts of South Eastern Africa.
D. It doesn’t have any impact on the climate of Africa
91. Which one of the following drainage pattern formed when stream flow from dome shaped
volcanic mountain towards the surrounding low lying area?
A. Trellis B. Radial C. Dendritic D. Centripetal
QUESTIONS FROM 93 – 100 ARE ABOUT MAP READING. REFER THE MAP IN THE LAST PAGE.
92. Which one of the following is the statement scale of the map?
A. 1cm to 2cm C. 1cm to 5km
B. 2cm to 10km D. 1cm to 0.5km
93. The vertical interval of the map is?
A. 50 B. 20 C. 10 D. 100
94. In which direction River ‘’A’’ drain?
A. Southwest B. Northeast C. Southeast D. Northwest
95. If the distance between point D and E is 10cm what is the actual distance between the stated points?
A. 50km B. 240km C. 60km D. 1200km
96. What is the Gradient between D and E in terms of ratio?
A. 1cm to 200m B. 1 to 200 km C. 1 to 400m D. 1 to 400km
97. From the following geographical surface, which point show Spur?
A. X B. C C. B D. F
98. From the given contour map which point’s having the highest altitude?
A. D B. A C. C D. X
99. Which points on the map are intervisible?
A. point C and D C. point X and Z
B. point C and F D. point B and D
100. Of the following points which one is index contour line?
A. X B. G C. B D. F

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