CHEMICAL BONDING 148

SOLVED EXAMPLES
Example - 1 Example - 5
Which of the following compound has the largest Draw the Lewis structures for the following molecules and
dipole moment ? ions :

(i) CH3OH (ii) CH4 H2S, SiCl4, BeF2, CO32 , HCOOH.

(iii) CF4 (iv) CO2 Ans. H2S
(v) CH3F.
Sol. CH4 and CF4 have tetrahedral structure and are symmetrical, SiCl4
hence their dipole moment is zero, CO2 is linear and hence
its dipole moment is also zero. Of the remaining CH3OH and BeF2
CH3F, since F is more electronegative than O, CH3F will
have high dipole moment.
Example - 2 CO32

What type of bond is formed when atoms have

(i) Zero difference of electronegativity. HCOOH
(ii) Little difference of electronegativity.
Example - 6
(iii) High difference of electronegativity.
Write the favourable factors for the formation of ionic
Sol. (i) Non-polar covalent bond.
(ii) Polar covalent Sol. Factors which favour the formation of ionic bond :
(iii) Electro-valent. (i) Low ionisation energy : In the formation of ionic bond a
Example - 3 metal atom loses electron to form cation. This process
Explain the formation of a chemical bond. requires energy equal to the ionisation energy. Lesser the
value of ionisation, greater will be the tendency of the atom
Sol. A chemical bond is formed by mutual sharing or by transfer
to form cation.
of one or more electrons. In doing so, each combining atom
acquires stable noble gas electronic configuration having 8 (ii) High electron affinity : The value of electron affinity gives
electrons in its outermost shell. the tendency of an atom to form anion. Greater the value of
electron affinity, more will be the tendency of an atom to
Example - 4 form anion.
Why NH3 has higher dipole moment than NF3 ?
(iii) High lattice energy : The lattice energy should be high so
Sol. In NH3 dipoles are towards lone pair whereas in NF3 dipoles that it overcomes the apparent deficit of energy of absorption,
are opposite to lone pair of electrons. that is, sublimation energy, ionization energy, dissociation
energy and second affinity. Higher the lattice energy, greater
will be the ease of formation of the ionic compound.
The magnitude of lattice energy gives an idea about the
interionic forces. It depends upon the following factors :
(a) Size of the ions : Smaller the size of the ions, lesser is the
inter-nuclear distance. Consequently, the interionic
attractions will be high and the lattice energy will also be
large.
(b) Charge on the ions : Larger the magnitude of charge on the
ions, greater will be the attractive forces between the ions.
Consequently, the lattice energy will be high.

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CHEMICAL BONDING 149

Example - 7
Discuss the shape of the following molecules using the PH3 : Trigonal pyramidal : Phosphorus atom has 5 electrons
VSEPR model. in its outermost orbit. H-atoms contribute one electron each
to make in all 8 electrons around P-atom. Thus, 4 pairs of
BeCl2, BCl3, SiCl4, AsF5, H2S, PH3.
electrons would be distributed in a tetrahedral fashion
Sol. BeCl2 : A linear molecule. Be atom has 2 electrons in it around the central atom. Three pairs form three P-H bonds
outermost orbit. Each chlorine atom has seven valence while the fourth pair remains unused. Due to repulsion
electrons. The Lewis structure of BeCl2 is between the bonding and lone pairs of electrons, the angle
ˆ is not exactly tetrahedral (109º 28 ). The actual HPH
HPH
angle is 93.3º. Thus PH3 is a trigonal pyramidal molecule.
There are two electrons pairs and to minimise the repulsion,
these electron pairs tend to keep themselves far away from Example - 8
each other, i.e., 180º apart. This gives BeCl2 a linear structure. Write the resonance structures for SO3, NO2 and NO3–.
BCl3 : In BCl3 molecule, the three bond pairs of electrons Sol. (SO3)
are located around B in a triangular arrangement. Thus, the
molecule BCl3 has a triangular planar geometry.

(NO2)

SiCl4 : A tetrahedral molecule. Si has 4 electrons in its

outermost shell. Due to mutual sharing of electrons with Cl
there are 4 electron pairs around Si. To keep the repulsion at (NO3–)
the minimum, these 4 electron pairs should be arranged in a
tetrahedral manner around Si. Thus, SiCl4 is a tetrahedral
molecule.
AsF5 : Trigonal bipyramidal molecule : As has five electrons
in its outermost orbit. Due to sharing of 5 electrons from 5 F-
atoms, there are in all 5 electron pairs. These are distributed
in space to form a trigonal bypyramid. Example - 9
H2S : Bent (V-shaped) structure : S has 6 electrons its Arrange the following in order of decreasing bond angle,
outermost shell. 2H-atoms contribute 2 electrons during giving reason
bonding. Thus, there are 8 electrons or 4 electron pairs NO2, NO2+, NO2–
around S. This gives a tetrahedral distribution of electron Ans. NO2+ > NO2 > NO2–. This is because NO2+ has no lone pair of
pairs around S. The two corners of the tetrahedron are electrons (i.e. has only bond pairs on two sides) and hence
occupied by H-atoms and the other two by the lone-pairs of it is linear. NO2 has one unshared electron while NO2– has
electrons. Thus, H2S has a bent structure. one unshared electron pair. There are greater repulsions on
N–O bonds in case of NO2– than in case of NO2.

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CHEMICAL BONDING 150

Example - 10
orbitals is occupied by a lone-pair of electrons. During the
Arrange the following in order of decreasing bond angles reaction a coordinate bond is formed due to one-side sharing
(i) CH4, NH3, H2O, BF3, C2H2 (ii) NH3, NH2–, NH4+ of electron pair.
Sol. (i) C2H2(180) > BF3(120) > CH4 (109,28) > NH3 (107º) > H2O > BF3 + NH3 [F3B  : NH3]
(104.5º)
Hybridisation state of N, i.e., sp3 in NH3 remains
(ii) NH > NH3 > NH
4
+
2
–
unchanged.The hybridisation state of B changes from sp2
This is because all of them involve sp3 hybridization. The to sp3 in the given reaction.
number of lone pair of electrons present on N-atom are 0, 1
Example - 14
and 2 respectively. Greater the number of lone pairs, greater
are the repulsions on the bond pairs and hence smaller is Explain why BeH2 molecule has a zero dipole moment
the angle. although the Be-H bonds are polar.
Example - 11 Sol. This is because BeH2 is a linear molecule and the two bond
Which of the following species have same shape/same dipoles oriented at an angle of 180º neutralize each other. As
bond order ? a result, the net dipole moment of the molecule is zero.

N3–, NO2–, CO2, O3

Sol. Isoelectronic species have same shape/same bond order.
Example - 15
The number of outer electrons is same in CO2 and N3– and
same in O3 and NO2–. Describe the change in hybridization (if any) of the Al
atom in the following reaction.
Example - 12
AlCl3 + Cl–  AlCl4–
Although both CO2 and H2O are triatomic molecules, the
shape of H2O molecule is bent while that of CO2 is linear, Sol. AlCl3  Cl  AlCl 4
Explain this on the basis of dipole moment. tetrahedral geometry
sp3 hybridization

Sol. The H2O molecule has a dipole moment of 1.84 D. There are Aluminium chloride exists as dimer Al2Cl6. In this molecule
two OH bonds in H2O molecule. The O–H bonds are polar chlorine atoms are arranged tetrahedrally around the two Al
and has dipole moment of 1.5 D. Since the water molecule atoms.
has a net dipole, hence the two O–H dipoles are not in a
Thus Al atoms show sp3 (s in small letter) hybridisation
straight line opposing each other. This rules out the linear
in Al2Cl6. Thus, there is no change in the hybridisation of Al
structure (H–O–H) for water. The two O–H bonds cannot
lie along the same line in the same direction also. Therefore, atom in the given reaction.
the two O–H bonds in H2O molecule must be inclined to Example - 16
each other at certain angle. Thus, H2O molecule has an Draw diagrams showing the formation of a double bond
angular shape. and a triple bond between carbon atoms in C2H4 and C2H2
The CO2 molecule has zero dipole moment. In CO2, there are molecules.
two C = O bonds. Each C = O bond is a polar bond. This Sol. (i) C2H2
means each bond has a dipole moment. Since, the net dipole,
and hence the two bonds must be just opposite to each
other, i.e., the two bonds must be at 180º relative to each
other. Thus CO2 is a linear molecule.
Example - 13
Is there any change in the hybridization of B and N atoms as
a result of the following reaction ?
BF3 + NH3 F3B NH3.
Sol. Here, B atom in BF3 is sp2 hybridized and one of its p orbital Formation of a double bond between carbon atoms in C2H4

is empty. N in NH3 is sp3 hybridized and are of its hybrid The Lewis structure of ethylene is represented as

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CHEMICAL BONDING 151
H:C::C:H
rule. It does not explain the energetics of the bond formation
.. ..
and shapes of the polyatomic molecules.
H H
The VB theory describes the bond formation in terms of
(ii) C2H4
hybridization and overlap of the orbitals. The overlap of
orbitals along the intermolecular axis increases the electron-
density between the two nuclei resulting in a decrease in
the energy and formation of a bond.
Example - 19
Why is it that in the SF4 molecule, the lone pair of electrons
occupies equatorial position in the overall trigonal
bi-pyramidal arrangement in preference to an axial position.
Sol. In SF4 molecule, the lone pair of electrons occupies an
equatorial position because in this geometry (sp 3 d
Formation of C 2 H 2 molecule
hybridisation), the line pair-bond pair repulsion is minimum
It is clear that the carbon-carbon triple bond is made up of
one strong   bond and two weak   bonds. The Lewis
structure of acetylene can be represented as
H : C :: C : H
Example - 20
Example - 17
Define hydrogen bond. Is it weaker or stronger than the
Does Li2 exist ? If so, estimate its bond order and compare Van der Waals forces ?
its bond dissociation energy with that of H2.
Sol. The hydrogen bond can be defined as the attractive force
Sol. Li has a configuration : 1s2, 2s1. which binds hydrogen atom of one molecule with the
There are two s orbitals (1s and 2s) on each atom. These electronegative atom (F, O or N) of another molecule. A
combine to give four MO’s. These are hydrogen bond is shown by a dotted line (.....)
Hydrogen bond is weaker than the Van der Waals forces.
(1s)  (1s)  1s   *1s
Example - 21
(2s)  (2s)  2s   * 2s.
NaNO3 on heating to 500ºC decomposes to produce
Thus all the six electrons are accommodated in these four NaNO2 and O2, while the same salt on heating to 800ºC,
orbitals. The electronic configuration for Li 2 is decomposes to Na2O, N2 and O2. Explain in light of Fajan’s
(1s) 2 ( *1s) 2 ( 2s) 2 . rule.
Sol. The decomposition scheme can be shown as
Nb = 4, Na = 2.

42
Bond order in Li 2   1.
2
Therefore, Li 2 should be a stable species. Its bond
dissociation energy is 105 kJ mol –1, as compared to
As we know tha thermal stability of a salt depends on
431 kJ mol–1 for H2. Thus, the bond in Li2 is much weaker
percentage ionic character, NaNO2 has greater ionic
than that on H2. This is because 2s orbital of Li (involved in
character than NaNO3 because of lower polarizability of
the bonding) is much larger than 1s orbital of H.
smaller nitrite ion than nitrate ion. Therefore, 500ºC is
Example - 18 sufficient for decomposition of less ionic NaNO3 but
Explain how V.B theory differs from the Lewis concept.
NaNO2 is stable at this temperature. On heating further to
Sol. The Lewis concept of describes the formation of bond in 800ºC, the more stable NaNO2decomposes further to Na2O
terms of sharing of one or more electron pairs and the octet and N2, O2.

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CHEMICAL BONDING 152

Example - 26
Example - 22
Write Lewis structure of the following compounds and
Out of  and   bonds, which one is stronger and why ? show formal charge on each atom :
Sol.   bond is stronger. This is because   bond is formed HNO3, NO2, H2SO4
by head-on overlapping of atomic orbitals and, therefore,
the overlapping is large.   bond is formed by sideway Sol. HNO3 =
overlapping which is small.
Example - 23
1
Out of p-orbital and sp-hybrid orbital which has greater Formal charge = V  L  S
2
directional character and why ?
Sol. sp-orbital has greater directional character than p-orbital. 1
Formal charge on H = 1  0   2  0
This is because p-orbital has equal sized lobes with equal 2
electron density in both the lobes wheres sp-hybrid orbital
has greater electron density on one side. 1
Formal charge on O (1) = 6  4  (4)  0
2
Example - 24
Compare the relative stabilities of O 2 and N 2 and 1
Formal charge on N = 5  0  (8)  1
comment on their magnetic (paramagnetic or diamagnetic) 2
behaviour.
1
Sol. M.O. Electronic configuration of Formal charge on O (2) = 6  4  (4)  0
2
O2  KK 22s 2s
2s  2pz 2p x 2p x 2p x 2p y
2 2 2 *2 *1

1
Formal charge on O (3) = 6  6  (2)   1
2
1 3
Bond order = (8  5)   1.5
2 2 Hence, we write the structure of HNO3 with formal charges

M.O. Electronic configuration of as

N 2  KK  22s *2
2s  2p x  2p y  2pz
2 2 1

1 5 Similarly, we have
Bond order = (7  2)   2.5
2 2

As bond order of N 2  bond order of O 2 , therefore, N 2 is and

more stable than O 2 .
Each of them contains unpaired electron, hence both are Example - 27
paramagnetic. What is mean by the term average bond ethalpy ? Why is
there difference in bond enthalpy of O–H bond in ethanol
Example - 25
(C2H5OH) and water ?
Explain why HF is less viscous than H2O.
Sol. All the similar bonds in a molecule do not have the same
Sol. There is greater intermolecular hydrogen bonding in H2O
than that in HF as each H2O molecule forms four H-bonds
with other water molecules whereas HF forms only two
bond enthalpies, e.g., in CH4 , the four
H-bonds with other HF molecules. Greater the intermolecular
H-bonding, greater is the viscosity. Hence, HF is less
viscous than H2O. C–H bonds do not have the same bond enthalpies because
after breaking of the bonds one by one, the electronic

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CHEMICAL BONDING 153
environment around carbon changes. Hence, the actual bond 2–

enthalpy of C–H bond is taken as the average value. O C O

O
O–H bond in ethanol and that in water
Example - 30
Arrange the following in increasing order of bond angle
do not have similar electronic environment around the central atom :

around oxygen atom. Hence, their O–H bond enthalpies are BeF2, BF3, CH4, NH3, H2O
different.
Example - 28 Sol. H2O < NH3 < CH4 < BF3 < BeF2
Write Lewis dot structures of the following molecules/ Bond angle 104.5º 106.5º 109º28’ 120º 180º
ions :
(i) CO (ii) HCN
Example - 31
Sol : V = number of valence electron of molecule
R = Number of electron required for octet in molecule Indicate the number of  and -bonds in the following
molecules.
S = Number of shared electron ( S = R – V)
U = Number of unshared electron (U = V – S) (i) CH3 CH CH2
(i) CO (ii) CH3 CH2 CH 2 CH3
V = 4 + 6 = 10 electrons
(iii) CH 3 C C CH 3
R = 8 + 8 = 16 electrons
S = R – V = 6 electrons
(iv)
U = 10 – 6 = 4 elctrons
C O or C O
Sol. For finding out the number of  and -bonds in a molecule,
(ii) HCN the following points should be kept in mind :
V = 1 + 4 + 5 = 10 electrons
1. All single bonds are sigma bonds.
R = 2 + 8 + 8 = 18 electrons
2. All double bonds consist of one  and one -bonds.
S = 8 electrons
U = 2 electrons 3. All triple bonds consist of one  and two -bonds.

H C N or H – C N (i) This molecule consists of seven single bonds and

one double bond. Thus, number of -bonds = 8 and
number of -bonds = 1.
Example - 29
(ii) This molecule consists of 13 single bonds.
Write Lewis structures for Thus, number of -bonds = 13.
(i) Urea, NH2CO NH2 (iii) This molecule consists of 8 single bonds and one
triple bond. Thus, number of -bonds = 9 and number
(ii) Carbonate ion, CO 32 . of -bonds = 2.
(iv) The molecule of benzene consists of nine single
Sol : (i) Urea, V = 24 electrons, R = 40 electrons, S = 16 electrons bonds and three double bonds.
U = 8 electrons Thus, number of -bonds = 12 and number of -bonds
= 3.
Example - 32

Which of the two, peroxide ion or superoxide ion, has a

(ii) V = 24 electrons, R = 32 electrons, S = 8 electrons, larger bond length ?
U = 16 electrons. Sol. The bond length in a molecule depends on bond order.
the higher the bond order, smaller will be the bond length.

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CHEMICAL BONDING 154
Peroxide ion, O 22 Example - 36

Configuration KK (2s)2 (2s)2  (2pz)2 (2px)2 The dipole moment of KCl is 3.336 × 10–29 coulomb metre
which indicates that it is a highly polarized molecule. The
 (2py )2  * (2px )2  * (2py )2 interatomic distance between K+ and Cl– in this molecule
is 2.6 × 10–10 m. Calculate the dipole moment of KCl
86 molecule, if there were opposite charges of one
Bond order = 1 fundamental unit located at each nucleus. Calculate the
2
percentage ionic character of KCl.
Superoxide ion, O 2  =q× d

Sol. q = one fundamental unit = 1.062 × 10–19 C

Configuration KK (2s)2 (2s)2 (2pz)2 (2px)2
d = 2.6 × 10–10 M
(2py)2 (2px)2 (2py)1
= 1.602 × 10–19 × 2.6 × 10–10
85 = 4.1652 × 10–29 coulomb metre
Bond order =  1.5
2
Percentage ionic character
Bond order of superoxide is higher than peroxide ion,
hence bond length of peroxide ion is larger. 3.336  10 29
= 100  80.09
4.1652 10  29
Example - 33
Example - 37
Which of the following has maximum bond angle ?
The correct order of the ionic character of PbF2, PbCl2,
H2O, CO2, NH3, CH4 PbBr2 and PbI2 is :

Sol. CO 2 (Linear structure, carbon undergoes sp-hy- (a) PbF2 > PbCl2 > PbBr2 > PbI2
bridization). (b) PbF2 > PbBr2 > PbCl2 > PbI2
(c) PbF2 < PbCl2 < PbBr2 < PbI2
Example - 34
(d) PbF2 < PbCl2 > PbBr2 > PbI2
Interpret the non-linear shape of H2S molecule and non
planar shape of PCl3 using valence shell electron pair Sol. Since the given dihalides contain the same cation viz Pb2+
repulsion (VSEPR) theory. but different anions (halide ions), the ionic character of these
halides depends on the size of the halide ions. The ionic
Sol. In H2S, two bonded pairs and two lone pairs of electrons character decreases with the increases in the size of the
are present, i.e., S undergoes sp3 -hybridization. Tetrahedral halide ions. Thus since the size of halides ions increases as F–
configuration comes into existence. Two of the positions < Cl– < Br < I–, the ionic character of Pb X2 molecules decreases
are occupied by lone pairs, hence the actual structure is as PbF2 > PbCl2 > PbBr2 > Pb I2. Thus (a) is the correct
bent or V-shaped. answer.
In PCl3, three bonded pairs and one lone pair of electrons Example - 38
are present, i.e., P-atom undergoes sp3– hybridization.
Among the halides namely, NaF, NaCl, NaBr and NaI,
Tetrahedral configuration comes into existence. One NaF has the highest melting point, because NaF has :
position is occupied by lone pair, hence the actual
(a) minimum ionic character
structure is pyramidal.
(b) maximum ionic character
Example - 35 (c) highest oxidising power
Hydrogen bonding does not exist in HCl through chlorine (d) lowest valency
is quite electronegative.
Sol. Since the size of halide ions (X–) increases as F– < Cl–
Sol. This is due to the large size of Cl-atom < Br– < I– the ionic character of MX molecules decreases
as NaF > NaBr > NaI. Being the most ionic, NaF has the
highest melting point.

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CHEMICAL BONDING 155
Example - 39
A diatomic molecule has a dipole moment equal to 1.2 D.
If its bond distance is 1.0 Å, what fraction of an electronic
charge exists in each atom ? (Given Electronic charge = Geometry :
4.8 × 10–18esu.cm)
(a) 12% (b) 18%
(c) 25% (d) 29%

Sol. Bond distance, d = 1.0 Å = 1.0 × 10–8 cm (given)

Dipole moment,  = 1.2 D = 1.2 × 10–18 esu. cm (given) Example - 42
Electronic charge = 4.8 × 10–18 esu. cm (given)
Write the Lewis dot formula of the following molecules
Fraction of electronic charge = x (to be calculated) and predict their molecular shapes :
Now we know that :
(a) OSbCl3 (b) SO2Cl2 (c) IO 2 F2
=x×d
1.2 × 10–18 esu. cm = x × 10–8 cm
Sol. (a)
1.2  10 18 esu. cm
 x  1.2  10 10 esu
10 8 cm
Out of 4.8 × 10–10 esu. cm electronic charge, the electronic
charge existing on each atom = 1.2 × 10–10 esu
Out of 100 esu. cm. electronic charge, the electronic
charge existing on each atom

1.2  10 10 esu

  100
4.8  10 10 esu. cm

= 25%
(b)
Example - 40
Which of the following tetraiodides is the least stable
and has doubtful existence ?
(a) CI4 (b) GeI4
(c) SnI4 (d) PbI4

Sol. The given tetraiodides contain C, Ge, Sn and Pb as C4+,

Ge4+, Sn4+ and Pb4+ ions respectively. According to inert (c)
pair effect, the stability of these cations decreases as C4+
> Ge4+ > Sn4+ > Pb4+. This order shows that since Pb4+
ion is the least stable, its tetraiodide, PbI4 is also least
stable and hence has doubtful existence.

Example - 41

Discuss the bondings of ClO 2 ion.

Sol. The central atom is Cl . The ions can be constituted as

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CHEMICAL BONDING 156

Example - 43 Sol. I 2 (s) being a molecular solids, the molecules are

completely non-polar and covalent, have very low affinity
Both NH 2 and NH 2 are angular species but the bond
for polar solvents like water. However, in solution of KI,
angle in NH 2 is less than that in NH 2 . (a) What is the I2 forms forms KI3 salt as
reason for this difference in bond angles ? (b) Take the KI + I2 
 KI3
x-axis as lying perpendicular to the molecular plane, does
N (2px) orbital participate in the hybridization of either of KI3, a strongly ionic salt dissolves easily in water like
species ? other normal salts of the alkali metals. Hence, I2 becomes
soluble in KI via KI3.
Sol. (a) Hybridization at N atom is sp3 in NH 2 and sp2 NH 2 .
Therefore, bond angle in NH 2 is close to 109º Example - 46

(tetrahedral angle), while bond angle in NH 2 is close Compare the F (axial) —A—F (equatorial) bond angles in
to 120º (triangular planar angle). these molecules. PF6, SF4 and ClF3.

(b) In NH 2 , hybridization at N is sp3  implies that all

Sol. PF5 is symmetrical trigonal bipyramidal molecule hence
p-orbitals are involved in hybridization. In case of the sought bond angle is 90º.
NH 2 , the hybridization at N is sp2 and the ion lies in SF4 is a see-saw shaped molecule, while ClF3 is T-shaped
YZ plane as X-axis lying in perpendicular plane. For as shown below :
the species to be in YZ plane, the two p-orbitals
involved in sp2 hybridization must be py and pz orbitals
i.e., 2px orbitals at N is remaining unhybridized as

Axial bonds in SF4 is repelled by one lone pair, the same

in ClF3 are repelled by two lone pairs, more repulsions are
observed in ClF3. Hence, F—S—F angle (axial-equatorial)
is greater than F—Cl—F (axial-equatorial), although both
Example - 44 are less than 90º. The order is : PF5 > SF4 > ClF3.

Although I 3 is known, F3 is not . Explain. Example - 47

Sol. In I3 , the central I is sp3d hybridized and violate the The Lewis structure of allene is
octet rule. It is possible for elements of third and higher
period to expand its valence shell beyond eight because
they contain vacant d-orbitals. Hence formation of I 3 is
possible Make a three dimensional sketch of this molecule and answer
these questions : (a) Is the molecule planar ? (b) Does
1,3-dichloro propdience show geometrical isomerism ?
(c) Is the molecule 1, 3-dichloropropdiene polar ?

Sol. Hybridization of central carbon is sp and two of its

Since, fluorine is in second period, lack vacant d-orbitals, unhybridized p-orbitals are involved in Pi-bonding. Also
can’t violate octet rule and, hence F3 does not exist. p-orbitals at an atom are orthogonal (at 90º angle), the
two Pi-bonds at central carbon are also orthogonal. Let
these p-orbitals, involved in Pi-bondings, at central carbon
Example - 45 by py and pz, then

Iodine (I2) is a volatile solid at room temperature and has

very low solubility in water. However, I2 is highly soluble
in an aqueous solution of KI. Explain.

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CHEMICAL BONDING 157

Example - 49
Both ‘H’ and ‘F’ are monovalent in covalent bonding,
phosphorus forms PF5 but no PH5 exists. Explain.

Sol. Phosphorus has five electrons in the valence shell (3s23p3)

Hybridization at the terminal carbons are both sp. The as well as it contains vacant d orbitals, so there is scope
two p-orbitals involved in sp hybridization are px and py for pentavalency. However, the 3d orbital of phosphorus
at left terminal and px and pz at right terminals. Therefore, is much larger is size than its 3s and 3p-orbitals, and do
the three sp hybrid orbitals at left terminal carbon are in not usually hybridize. When highly electronegative atoms
xy plane, while the same at right terminal carbon are in xz like F approach to P, its 3d-orbitals hybridize with 3s and
plane. As a result, the two triangular planes at terminals 3p orbitals and enable P to undergo sp3d hybridization to
are at right angles as shown below : form PF 5 , PCl 5 etc. Hydrogen being very less
electronegative, cannot contract 3d orbitals of
phosphorus to the level where it can participate in
hybridization with 3s and 3p orbitals. Hence, with
hydrogen, only s and p orbitals of P hybridize and no
more than its three electrons can take part in sharing,
showing trivalency only.
The two H—C—H planes at terminals are perpendicular
to each other. (Pi-bonds are also perpendicular to each
other.) Example - 50
Hence, (a) Molecule is non-planar. (b) Doesn’t show
geometrical isomerism because two H at one terminal are Trimethyl amine is a stronger base than trisilyl amine.
equidistant from any H on other terminal. (c) Polar. Explain.

Example - 48 Sol. In trisilyl amine, a p-d back bonding occurs as

Order these species according to increasing C—F bond

length : CF+, CF, CF–. Predict if any is paramagnetic.

Sol. The molecular orbital electronic configuration of CF (15e)

is
The above p-dbond decreases the availability of 1p at
2p  2p
2 * 1 nitrogen, thus the basic strength. No such p-dbonding
1s 2 *1s 2  2s 2 * 2s 2  2p x2 y
* 2p0x
y
is possible in trimethyl amine, hence stronger base.
2p * 2p
2
z
0
z

10  5
Bond order   2.5
2
In CF+, there is one ‘e’ less in antibonding MO, therefore,
bond-order = 3, while in CF–, there is one more ‘e’ in
antibonding MO giving band-order = 2. Since ‘Bond-
order’ is directly related to bond-energy, which is
inversely proportional to bond-length, the order of bond-
lengths in given series is :
CF+ < CF < CF–
Also, CF and CF– are paramagnetic because of presence
of one and two unpaired electrons respectively, while
CF+ has no unpaired electron and diamagnetic.

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CHEMICAL BONDING 158

EXERCISE - 1 : BASIC OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

Kossel & Lewis Approach and Covalent Bonds (c) KCN (d) KCl
1. Which of the following molecule is theoretically not 9. The fluorine molecules is formed by :
possible? (a) p-p orbitals (sideways overlap)
(a) SF4 (b) OF2 (b) p-p orbitals ( end-to-end overlap)

(c) OF4 (d) O2F2 (c) sp-sp orbitals (d) s-s orbitals

2. The bond between two identical non-metal atoms has a 10. The strength of bonds formed by 2s-2s, 2p-2p and 2p-2s
pair of electrons overlap has the order :

(a) unequally shared between the two (a) s-s > p-p > p-s (b) s-s > p-s > p-p

(b) transferred fully from one atom to another (c) p-p > p-s > s-s (d) p-p > s-s > p-s

(c) with identical spins 11. The number of sp2 – s sigma bonds in benzene are :
(d) equally shared between them (a) 3 (b) 6
3. Which of the following molecules does not have co- (c) 12 (d) none of these
ordinate bonds ? 12. The ratio of  and  bonds in benzene is :
(a) PH4 (b) NO2 (a) 1 : 2 (b) 1 : 4
(c) 1 : 5 (d) 1 : 6
(c) O3 (d) CO23 13. Which of the following statements is incorrect for sigma
4. The total number of electrons that taken part in forming and pi-bonds formed between two carbon atoms ?
the bonds in N2 is (a) Sigma-bond is stronger than a pi-bond
(a) 2 (b) 4 (b) Bond energies of sigma and pi-bonds are of the order
(c) 6 (d) 10 of 264 kJ/mol and 347 kJ/mol

5. Which of the following compound is covalent ? (c) Free rotation of surrounding atoms about a sigma-
bond is allowed but not in case of a pi-bond
(a) H2 (b) CaO
(d) Sigma-bond determines the direction between carbon
(c) KCl (d) Na2S atoms but a pi-bond has no primary effect in this regard
6. Which of the following does not contain any co-ordinate 14. Assuming the bond direction to the z-axis, which of the
bond ? overlapping of atomic orbitals of two atom (A) and (B)
will result in bonding ?
(a) H3O+ (b) BF4
(I) s-orbital of A and px orbital of B
 
(c) HF 2
(d) NH 4 (II) s-orbital of A and pz orbital of B
7. Which pair of elements can form multiple bond with itself (III) py-orbital of A and pz orbital of B
and oxygen ?
(IV) s-orbital of both (A) and (B)
(a) F, N (b) N, Cl
(a) I and IV
(c) N, P (d) N, C
(b) I and II
Covalent & Ionic Compounds and VBT
(c) III and IV
8. The compound which contains both ionic and covalent
(d) I, II and IV
bonds is
(a) CH4 (b) H2

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CHEMICAL BONDING 159
15. Which of the following leads to bonding ? 22. The molecule exhibiting maximum number of non-bonding
electron pairs (l.p.) around the central atom is :

(a) (b) (a) XeOF4 (b) XeO2F2

(c) XeF3– (d) XeO3
23. Which is the following pairs of species have identical
shapes?
(c) (d)
(a) NO2 and NO2 (b) PCl5 and BrF5
VSPER Theory (c) XeF4 and ICl4 (d) TeCl4 and XeO4
16. The geometrical arrangement of orbitals and shape of I3–
24. The compound MX4 is tetrahedral. The number of XMX
are respectively :
angles in the compound is :
(a) trigonal bipyramidal geometry, linear shape
(a) three (b) four
(b) hexagonal geometry, T-shape
(c) five (d) six
(c) triangular planar geometry, triangular shape
25. Whi ch o f the followi ng a re isoelectronic and
(d) tetrahedral geometry, pyramidal shape isostructural ?
17. The shape of the noble gas compound XeF4 is :
NO3 ,CO32 ,ClO3 ,SO3
(a) square planar (b) distorted tetrahedral
(c) tetrahedral (d) octahedral (a) NO3 ,CO32 (b) SO3 , NO3

18. Which is not correctly matched ? (c) ClO3 ,CO32  (d) CO23  ,ClO3
(a) XeO3 – Trigonal bipyramidal 26. When iodine is dissolved in aqueous potassium iodide,
(b) ClF3 – bent T-shape the shape of the species formed is :

(c) XeOF4 – Square pyramidal (a) linear (b) angular

(c) triangular (d) see-saw
(d) XeF2 – Linear shape
27. The BCl3 is a planar molecule whereas NCl3 is pyramidal
19. Which of the following statements is incorrect for PCl5 ?
because :
(a) Its three P–Cl bond lengths are equal
(a) BCl bond is more polar than N–Cl bond
(b) It involves sp3d hybridization (b) N–Cl bond is more covalent that B–Cl bond
(c) It has linear geometry (c) nitrogen atom is smaller than boron atom
(d) Its shape is trigonal bipyramidal (d) BCl3 has no lone pair electrons but NCl3 has a lone
20. Correct statement regarding molecules SF4, CF4 and XeF4 pair of electrons
are : 28. BrF 3 molecule, the lone pairs occupy equitorial
(a) 2, 0 and 1 lone pairs of central atom respectively position to minimize.
(b) 1, 0 and 1 lone pairs of central atom respectively (a) lone pair-bond pair repulsion only
(c) 0, 0 and 2 lone pairs of central atom respectively (b) bond pair-bond pair repulsion only
(d) 1, 0 and 2 lone pairs of central atom respectively (c) lone pair-lone pair repulsion and lone pair-bond
21. The pair of species with similar shape is : pair repulsion

(a) PCl3, NH3 (b) CF4, SF4 (d) lone pair-lone pair repulsion only

(c) PbCl2, CO2 (d) PF5, IF5

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CHEMICAL BONDING 160
Hybridization 35. Which one of the following is the correct set with respect
29. During the complete combustion of methane CH4, what to molecule, hybridization and shape ?
change in hybridisation does the carbon atom undergo ? (a) BeCl2, sp2, linear
(a) sp3 to sp (b) sp3 to sp2 (b) BeCl2, sp2, triangular planar
(c) sp2 to sp (d) sp2 to sp3 (c) BCl3, sp2, triangular planar
30. Which of the following statements is true about
(d) BCl3, sp3, tetrahedral
hybridization ?
(a) Only those atomic orbitals can be hybridized which 36. The hybridization of the central atom in ICl2 is :
do not differ much in shape.
(a) dsp2 (b) sp
(b) Only those atomic orbitals can be hybridized which
do not differ much in energy. (c) sp2 (d) sp3

(c) Only those atomic orbitals can be hybridized which 37. The state of hybridization of the central atom is not the
do not differ much in size. same as in the others :

(d) Only those atomic orbitals can be hybridized which (a) B in BF3 (b) O in H3O+
do not differ much in overlap integrals. (c) N in NH3 (d) P in PCl3
31. Which of the following statements is true about 38. Select pair of compounds in which both have different
hybridization ? hybridization but have same shape:
(a) Hybridization generates new set of atomic orbitals
identical in shape but not in size and energy. (a) BF3, BrF3 (b) ICl2 , BeCl 2

(b) Hybridization generates new set of atomic obitals (c) BCl3, PCl3 (d) PCl3, NCl3
identical in size but not in shape and energy.
39. The hybridisation of atomic orbitals of central atom “Xe”
(c) Hybridization generates new set of atomic orbitals in XeO4 , XeO2F2 and XeOF4 respectively.
indentical energy but not in shape and size.
(a) sp3, sp3d2, sp3d2 (b) sp3d, sp3d, sp3d2
(d) Hybridization generates new set of atomic orbitals
indentical in shape, size and energy. (c) sp3, sp3d2, sp3d (d) sp3, sp3d, sp3d2
32. What will be the shape of sp hybridized orbital? 40. Which of the following statements is true about
hybridization ?
(a) (b) (a) Hybrid orbitals frequently undergo linear overlaps
making sigma bonds.
(b) Hybrid orbitals frequently undergo lateral overlaps
(c) (d) making -bonds. In other words, there are several
compounds in which -bonds are formed using
33. In graphite each carbon atom is : hybrid orbitals.
(a) sp 2 hybridised (b) sp 3 hybridised (c) Hybrid orbitals are molecular orbitals.
(c) sp hybridised (d) not hybridised
(d) A hybrid orbital bigger in size makes shorter bond.
34. In which of the following pairs, both the species have the
41. In 2sp hybridization, 2s-orbital can be mixed with
same hybridisation ?
(a) Only 2p x
(I) SF4, XeF4 (II) I3 , XeF2
(b) Only 2py
  3
(III) ICl , SiCl 4
4
(IV) ClO ,PO 3 4 (c) Only 2p z
(a) I, II (b) II, III (d) Any one of 2p x, 2p y and 2p z
(c) II, IV (d) I, II, III

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CHEMICAL BONDING 161
50. In which of the following bond angle is maximum :
42. In 2sp2 orbital, character of 2pz orbital will be
(a) always 33.33% (b) always 0% (a) NH3 (b) NH 4
(c) always 66.66% (d) either 33.33% or 0% (c) PCl3 (d) SCl2
43. Which of the followi ng orde rs is cor rect for 51. The ground state electronic configuration of valence
electronegativity ? shell electrons in nitrogen molecule (N2) is written
(a) sp3C > sp 2C > spC (b) spC > sp 2C > sp 3C (  2s)2 (  *2s)2 ( 2p)4 (  2p)2. Hence, the bond order
in nitrogen molecule is :
(c) sp2C > spC > sp 3C (d) sp3C > spC > sp 2C
(a) 0 (b) 1
44. CH 2 = C = CH2 (c) 2 (d) 3
In this molecule (allene)
52. When N2 is formed from N 2 bond-order .......... and
2
(a) all three C-atoms are sp hybridized
when O2 is formed from O 2 bond–order .......... :
(b) both terminal C-atoms are sp 2 hybridized while
central C-atom is sp-hybridized (a) increases (b) decreases
(c) both terminal C-atoms are sp-hybridized while (c) increases, decreases (d) decreases, increases
central C-atom is sp2 hybridized 53. Among unpaired electron is present in :
(d) none of these (a) KO2 only (b) NO2+ and BaO2
45. The structure and hybridisation of Si(CH3)4 is :
(c) KO2 and AlO2 (d) BaO2 only
2
(a) bent, sp (b) trigonal, sp
54. Bond order of O2, O2+, O2– and O22– is in order :
(c) octahedral, sp 3d (d) tetrahedral, sp 3
46. H2O is dipolar, whereas BeF2 is not. It is because : (a) O 2  O 22  O 2  O 2 (b) O 22  O 2  O 2  O 2

(a) the electronegativity of F is greater than that of O

(c) O 2  O 2  O 2  O 22 (d) O 2  O 2  O 2  O 22
(b) H2O involves hydrogen bonding whereas BeF2 is a
discrete molecule 55. The correct order of the O–O bond length in O2, H2O2
and O3 is :
(c) H2O is linear and BeF2 is angular
(a) O2 > O3 > H2O2 (b) O3 > H2O2 > O2
(d) H2O is angular and BeF2 is linear
(c) O2 > H2O2 > O3 (d) H2O2 > O3 > O2
47. The hybridisation of atomic orbitals of N in NO2+, NO3–
Dipole Moment of a Bond
and NH 4 are respectively :
56. The highest dipole moment is of :
2 3 3 2
(a) sp, sp , sp (b) sp, sp , sp (a) CF4 (b) CH3OH
2 3
(c) sp , sp, sp (d) sp 2, sp 3, sp (c) CO2 (d) CH3F
Bond Parameters 57. Which one of the following is the most polar bond ?
48. Energy content of a molecule will be less if (a) N–F (b) N–N
(a) bond energy is more (c) N–Cl (d) O–F
(b) bond energy is less 58. Both BF3 and NF3 are covalent but BF3 molecule is
(c) magnitude of ovelap is very less non-polar while NF3 is polar because :
(d) none of these (a) atomic size of boron is smaller than nitrogen
49. The ion that is isoelectronic with CO is : (b) BF3 is planar but NF3 is pyramidal
2–
(a) O (b) N2+ (c) boron is a metal while nitrogen is gas
+ –
(c) O (d) CN (d) BF bond has no dipole moment while NF3 bond has
dipole

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CHEMICAL BONDING 162
59. Which of the following molecules does not have a 66. The correct order of increasing C–O bond strength of
dipole moment ?
CO, CO23  ,CO2 is :
(a) IBr (b) CHCl3
(c) CH2Cl2 (d) BF3 (a) CO23  CO2  CO (b) CO2  CO23  CO

Molecular Orbital Theory & Resonance (c) CO  CO23  CO2 (d) CO  CO2  CO23
60. Which of the following is paramagnetic ? Electrovalent or Ionic bond & Fajan’s Rule
(a) O 22 (b) NO 67. Which combination will give the strongest ionic bond ?
(C) CO (d) CN –
(a) K+ and Cl– (b) K+ and O2–
61. Which one of the following is not paramagnetic ? (c) Ca 2+ and Cl– (d) Ca2+ and O2–
68. Bond formation is
(a) NO (b) N 2
(a) always exothermic
(c) CO (d) O2
(b) always endothermic
62. For exhibiting tetravalency, carbon atoms have to be
(c) neither exothermic nor endothermic
excited. Now, which of the following statements is
true ? (d) sometimes exothermic and sometimes endothermic
(a) Excitation occurs before bonding 69. Element X is strongly electropositive and element Y is
strongly electronegative. Both are univalent. The
(b) Bonding occurs before excitation
compound formed would be
(c) Both bonding and excitation occur simultaneously
(a) X + Y – (b) X –Y +
(d) Two bonds are formed first, then excitation occurs
followed by formation of another two bonds (c) X – Y (d) X  Y
+ –
63. Which of the following statements is true about 70. An ionic compound A B is most likely to be formed when:
bonding and excitation ?
(a) the ionization energy of A high and electron affinity of
(a) Energy required for excitation of carbon atoms (96 B is low
Kcal/mol) is less than energy released in bonding
(b) the ionization energy of A is low and electron affinity
(b) Energy required for excitation is more than energy of B is high
released in bonding
(c) both, the ionization energy of A and electron affinity
(c) Energy required for excitation is equal to the energy of B are high
released in bonding
(d) both, the ionization energy of A and electron affinity
(d) None of these of B are low
64. The nodal plane in the -bond of ethene is located in : 71. In which of the following species the bonds are non-
(a) the molecular plane directional ?
(b) a plane parallel to the molecule plane (a) NCl3 (b) RbCl
(c) a plane perpendicular to the molecular plane which (c) BeCl2 (d) BCl3
bisects the carbon-carbon  bond at right angle
72. The compound with the highest degree of covalency is :
(d) a plane perpendicular to the molecular plane which
contains the carbon-carbon bond (a) NaCl (b) MgCl2

65. Resonance structures can be written for : (c) AgCl (d) CsCl
73. The lattice energy of KF, KCl, KBr and KI follow the order:
(a) O3 (b) NH3
(a) KF > KCl > KBr > KI (b) KI > KBr > KCl > KF
(c) CH4 (d) H2O
(c) KF > KCl > KI > KBr (d) KI > KBr > KF > KCl

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CHEMICAL BONDING 163

74. Covalency favoured in the following case: 82. The correct order of boiling point is :
(a) smaller cation (b) larger anion
(c) large charge on cation and anions
(d) all the above
Hydrogen Bonding
(a) I > II > III (b) III > II > I
75. The high density of water compared to ice is due to :
(c) II > I > III (d) III > I > II
(a) hydrogen bonding interactions
83. The boiling points at atmospheric pressure of HF, H2S,
(b) dipole-dipole interactions
NH3 can be arranged in the following order :
(c) dipole-induced dipole interactions
(a) HF > NH3 > H2S (b) HF > H2S > NH3
(d) induced dipole induced dipole interactions
76. The boiling point of alcohol is higher than ether due to : (c) HF < H2S < NH3 (d) HF < NH3 < H2S
(a) hydrogen bonding 84. Which statement is correct ?
(b) large size of alcohol (a) m.p. of H2O, NH3, HF are maximum in their respective
(c) presence of –OH group group due to intermolecular H-bonding
(d) high molecular weight (b) b.p. of CH4 out of CH4, SiH4, GeH4 and SnH4 is least
due to weak intermolecular force of attraction
77. Which of the following is not true about H2O molecule ?
(c) formic acid forms dimer by H-bonding
(a) The molecule has  = 0
(d) all are correct
(b) The molecule can act as a base
85. The boiling points of methanol, water and dimethyl ether
(c) Shows abnormally high boiling point in comparison to
are respectively 65ºC, 100ºC and 34.5ºC. Which of the
the hydrides of other elements of oxygen group
following best explains these wide variations in b.p. ?
(d) The molecule has a bent shape
(a) The molecular mass increases from water (18) to
78. In ice, the length of H-bonds : methanol (32) to diethy ether (74)
(a) is less than that of covalent bonds (b) The extent of H-bonding decreases from water to
(b) is greater than that of covalent bonds methanol while it is absent in ether
(c) is same as that of covalent bonds (c) The extent of intramolecular H-bonding decreases from
(d) can be less greater or same as that of covalent bonds ether to methanol to water

79. The correct order of the strength of H-bonds is : (d) The density of water is 1.00 g mL–1, methanol
(a) H....F > H....O > H....N (b) H....N > H....O > H....F 0.7914 g mL–1 and that of diethyl ether is 0.7137 g mL–1
(c) H....O > H....N > H....F (b) H....F > H....N > H....O 86. o-nitrophenol can be easily steam distilled whereas
p-nitrophenol cannot be. This is because of :
80. What is not true about ice ?
(a) strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding in
(a) It has open cage like structure
o-nitrophenol
(b) It has less density than water
(b) strong intramolecular hydrogen bonding in
(c) Each O atom is surrounded by 4 H atoms o-nitrophenol
(d) Each O atom has four H-bonds around it (c) strong intramolecular hydrogen bonding in
81. Which one of the following molecules will form a linear p-nitrophenol
polymeric structure due to hydrogen bonding ? (d) dipole moment of p-nitrophenol is larger than that of
(a) NH3 (b) H2O o-nitrophenol
(c) HCl (d) HF

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CHEMICAL BONDING 164
Molecular Orbital Theory 88. Which of the following statements is not correct regarding
bonding molecular orbitals ?
Paragraph
(a) Bonding molecular orbitals possess less energy than
According to MOT, two atomic orbitals overlap resulting the atomic orbitals from which they are formed
in the formation of molecular orbitals. Number of atomic
(b) Bonding molecular orbitals have low electron density
orbitals overlapping together is equal to the molecular
between the two nuclei
orbital formed. The two atomic orbital thus formed by
LCAO (linear combination of atomic orbital) in the same (c) Electron in bonding molecular contributes to the
phase or in the different phase are known as bonding and attraction between atoms
antibonding molecular orbitals respectively. The energy (d) They are formed when the lobes of the combining
of bonding molecular orbital is lower than that of the pure atomic orbitals have the same sign
atomic orbital by an amount . This known as the 89. Which among the following pairs contain both
stabilization energy. The energy of antibonding molecular paramagnetic species
orbital is increased by ‘ (destabilisation energy).
(a) O22– and N2– (b) O2– and N2
87. Which of the following statement(s) is true
(a) Higher the bond order lesser the bond length (c) O2 and N2 (d) O2 and N2–

(b) Higher the bond order greater the bond length 90. Which of the following pairs of molecule can exist ?

(c) Higher the bond order lesser the bond energy (a) He2 and Be2 (b) O22– and Na2
(d) Higher the bond order lesser the number of bonds (c) O22– and H22– (d) Be2 and Mg2

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CHEMICAL BONDING 165

EXERCISE - 2 : PREVIOUS YEAR JEE MAINS QUESTIONS

1. Increasing order of bond strength of O2 , O-2 , O2-
2
and O+2 8. The bond order in NO is 2.5 while that in NO+ is 3. Which of
is (2002) the following statements is true for these two species ?

(a) O+2  O 2  O 2  O 2 (b) O 2  O 2  O 2  O 22  (2004)

+
(a) Bond length in NO is greater than in NO
(c) O 2  O 22   O 2  O 2 (d) O 22   O 2  O 2  O 2
(b) Bond length in NO is greater than in NO+
2. Select correct statement. (2002)
(c) Bond length in NO+ is equal to that in NO
(a) When a covalent bond is formed, transfer of electrons
takes place (d) Bond length is unpredictable

(b) Pure H2O does not contain any ion 9. The states of hybridisation of boron and oxygen atoms in
boric acid (H3BO3) are respectively (2004)
(c) A bond is formed when attractive forces overcome
repulsive forces (a) sp2 and sp2 (b) sp2 and sp3
(d) HF is less polar than HBr (c) sp3 and sp2 (d) sp3 and sp3
3. The pair of species having identical shapes for molecules of 10. The correct order of bond angles (smallest first) in H2S,
both species is (2003) NH3, BF3 and SiH4 is (2004)
(a) XeF2, CO2 (b) BF3, PCl3 (a) H2S < SiH4 < NH3 < BF3
(c) PF5, IF5 (d) CF4, SF4 (b) NH3 < H2S < SiH4 < BF3
4. Which one of the following compounds has the smallest
(c) H2S < NH3 < SiH4 < BF3
bond angle ? (2003)
(d) H2S < NH3 < BF3 < SiH4
(a) H2O (b) H2S
11. Which one of the following has the regular tetrahedral
(c) NH3 (d) SO2 structure ? (2004)
5. An ether is more volatile than an alcohol having the same (Atomic number : B = 5, S = 16, Ni = 28, Xe = 54)
molecular formula. This is due to (2003)
(a) XeF4 (b) SF4
(a) alcohols having resonance structures
(b) inter-molecular hydrogen bonding in ethers (c) BF4 (d) [Ni(CN)4]2–
(c) inter-molecular hydrogen bonding in alcohols 12. The maximum number of 90º angles between bond pair-bond
(d) dipolar character of ethers pair of electrons is observed in (2004)

6. Which one of the following pairs of molecules will have (a) dsp3 hybridisation (b) sp3d hybridisation
permanent dipole moments for both members ? (2003) (c) dsp2 hybridisation (d) sp3d2 hybridisation
(a) SiF4 and NO2 (b) NO2 and CO2 13. Lattice energy of an ionic compound depends upon
(c) NO2 and O3 (d) SiF4 and CO2 (2005)
7. The pair of species having identical shapes for molecules of (a) Charge on the ion and size of the ion
both species, is (2003)
(b) Packing of ions only
(a) CF4, SF4 (b) XeF2, CO2
(c) Size of the ion only
(c) BF3, PCl3 (d) PF5, IF5 (d) Charge on the ion only

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CHEMICAL BONDING 166
14. The molecular shapes of SF4, CF4 and XeF4 are (2005) 21. Which of the following species exhibits diamagnetic
(a) different with 1, 0 and 2 lone pair of electrons on the behaviour ? (2007)
central atoms, respectively (a) O 22  (b) O 2
(b) different with 0, 1 and 2 lone pair of electrons on the
(c) O2 (d) NO
central atoms, respectively.
22. Which of the following hydrogen bonds is the strongest ?
(c) the same with 1, 1 and 1 lone pair of electrons on the
central atoms, respectively (2007)
(d) the same with 2, 0 and 1 lone pair of electrons on the (a) O—H...N (b) F—H...F
central atoms, respectively (c) O—H...O (d) O—H...F
15. Which one of the following species is diamagnetic in nature? 23. Which one of the following constitutes a group of the
(2005) isoelectronic species ? (2008)
(a) H 2 (b) H 2 (a) C 22  , O 2 , CO, NO (b) NO  , C 22  , CN  , N 2

(c) H 2 (d) He2 (c) CN  , N 2 , O 22  , CO 22  (d) N 2 , O 2 , NO  , CO

16. The decreasing values of bond angles from NH3 (106º) to 24. Using MO theory, predict which of the following species
SbH3 (101º) down group-15 of the periodic table is due to has the shortest bond length ? (2008)
(2006) (a) O 2 (b) O 2
(a) decreasing lp-bp repulsion
(b) decreasing electronegativity (c) O 22 (d) O 22
(c) increasing bp-bp repulsion 25. The reason for higher B – F bond dissociation energy as
(d) increasing p-orbital character in sp 3 compared to that of C – F is (2008)

17. In which of the following molecules/ions are all the bonds (a) stronger  bond between B and F in BF3 as compared to
not equal ? (2006) that between C and F in CF4.
(b) significant p–p interaction between B and F in BF3
(a) XeF4 (b) BF4
whereas there is no possibility of such interaction
(c) SF4 (d) SiF4 between C and F in CF4.
18. Which of the following molecules/ions does not contain (c) lower degree of p – pinteraction between B and F in
unpaired electrons? (2006) BF3 than that between C and F in CF4.
(d) smaller size of B–atom as compared to that of C–atom.
(a) N 2 (b) O2
26. The number of types of bonds between two carbon atoms
(c) O 22 (d) B2 in calcium carbide is (2011)
(a) one sigma, two pi (b) one sigma, one pi
19. Which one of the following pairs of species have the same
bond order ? (2007) (c) two sigma, one pi (d) two sigma, two pi
(a) CN– and NO+ (b) CN– and CN+ 27. Which of the following has maximum number of lone pairs
associated with Xe ? (2011)
(c) O 2 and CN  (d) NO+ and CN+
(a) XeO3 (b) XeF4
20. In which of the following ionization processes. the bond (c) XeF6 (d) XeF2
order has increased and the magnetic behaviour has
28. The structure of IF7 is (2011)
changed ? (2007)
(a) square pyramid (b) trigonal bipyramid
(a) N 2  N 2 (b) C 2  C 2
(c) octahedral (d) pentagonal bipyramid

(c) NO NO+ (d) O 2  O 2 .

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CHEMICAL BONDING 167

29. The hybridization of orbitals of N atom in NO 3 , NO 2 and

NH 4 are respectively (2011)

(III) (IV)
(a) sp, sp2, sp3 (b) sp2, sp, sp3
(c) sp, sp3, sp2 (d) sp2, sp3, sp
(a) (I) and (II) (b) Only (III)
30. Among the following the maximum covalent character is
(c) (III) and (IV) (d) Only (I)
shown by the compound (2011)
37. Which of the following has unpaired electron(s)?
(a) FeCl2 (b) SnCl2
(Online 2014 Shift-1)
(c) AlCl3 (d) MgCl2
31. In which of the following pairs the two species are not (a) N2 (b) O 2
isostructural ? (2012)
(c) N 22  (d) O 22 
2  
(a) CO 3
and NO 3
(b) PCl and SiCl4
4
38. Which one of the following does not have a pyramidal
(c) PF5 and BrF5 (d) AlF 3
and SF6 shape? (Online 2014 Shift-2)
6
(a) (CH3)3 N (b) P(CH3)3
32. The molecule having smallest bond angle is (2012)
(a) NCl3 (b) AsCl3 (c) P(SiH3)3 (d) (SiH3)3N
39. Shapes of certain interhalogen compounds are stated below.
(c) SbCl3 (d) PCl3
Which one of them is not correctly stated?
33. Stability of the species Li 2 , Li 2 and Li 2 increases in the (Online 2014 Shift-2)
order of (2012) (a) IF7 : pentagonal bipyramid
   
(a) Li 2  Li  Li 2 2
(b) Li  Li  Li 2
2 2 (b) ICl3 : planar dimeric

(c) Li 2  Li 2  Li 2 (d) Li 2  Li 2  Li 2 (c) BrF3 : planar T-shaped

34. In which of the following pairs of molecules/ions both the (d) BrF5 : trigonal bipyramid
species are not likely to exist ? (2013) 40. In allene (C3H4), the type(s) of hybridization of the carbon

(a) H , He 2 
(b) H , He 2 atoms is (are): (Online 2014 Shift-2)
2 2 2 2

(a) sp2 and sp3 (b) sp and sp3

(c) H 22 , He 2 (d) H 2 , He22
(c) sp2 and sp (d) only sp2
35. Which one of the following molecules is expected to exhibit
diamagnetic behaviour ? (2013) 41. The correct order of bond dissociation energy among N2,

(a) C2 (b) O2 O2, O 2 is shown in which of the following arrangements?

(c) S2 (d) None of these (Online 2014 Shift-2)

36. For which of the following molecule significant   0 ? (a) N2> O2> O 2 (b) O2> O 2 >N2

(2014) (c) N2> O 2 >O2 (d) O 2 >O2>N2

42. Which of the following molecules has two sigma() and
two pi() bonds? (Online 2014 Shift-3)
(I) (II) (a) C2H2Cl2 (b) HCN
(c) N2F2 (d) C2H4

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CHEMICAL BONDING 168
43. Amongst LiCl, RbCl, BeCl2 and MgCl2 the compounds with 50. Identify the pair in which the geometry of the species is
the greatest and the least ionic character, respectively are : T-shape and squarepyramidal, respectively :
(Online 2014 Shift-4) (Online 2018 Shift-1)
(a) LiCl and RbCl (b) MgCl2 and BeCl2
(a) ClF3 and IO-4 (b) ICl2- and ICl5
(c) RbCl and BeCl2 (d) RbCl and MgCl2
44. Which of the alkaline earth metal halides given below is (c) XeOF2 and XeOF4 (d) IO3- and IO2 F2-
essentially covalent in nature? (Online 2015 Shift-1)
51. The decreasing order of bond angles in BF3, NH3, PF3 and
(a) SrCl2 (b) CaCl2
(c) BeCl2 (d) MgCl2
I3- is : (Online 2018 Shift-1)

45. The species in which the N atom is in a state of sp (a) I3- > NH3 > PF3 > BF3 (b) I3- > BF3 > NH3 > PF3
hybridization is: (2016)

(a) NO 2– (b) NO3 (c) BF3 > I3- > PF3 > NH3 (d) BF3 > NH3 > PF3 > I3-

52. Which of the following best describes the diagram below

(c) NO2 (d) NO2
of a molecular orbital ? (Online 2018 Shift-2)
46. The group of molecules having identical shape is :
(Online 2016 Shift-1)
(a) SF4, XeF4, CCl4

(b) ClF3, XeOF2, XeF3

(a) A non-bonding orbital
(c) BF3, PCl3, XeO3 (b) An antibonding  orbital
(d) PCl5, IF5, XeO2F2 (c) A bonding  orbital
47. The bond angle H-X-H is the greatest in the compound : (d) An antibonding  orbital
(Online 2016 Shift-2) 53. In XeO3F2, the number of bond pair(s),  -bond(s) and lone
(a) CH4 (b) NH3 pair(s) on Xe atom respectively are :
(Online 2018 Shift-2)
(c) H2O (d) PH3
(a) 5, 2, 0 (b) 4, 2, 2
48. Which of the following species is not paramagnetic ?
(c) 5, 3, 0 (d) 4, 4, 0
(2017)
54. The incorrect geometry is represented by :
(a) NO (b) CO
(Online 2018 Shift-3)
(c) O2 (d) B2
(a) BF3 - trigonal planar
49. In the molecular orbital diagram for the molecular ion, N2+,
(b) H2O - bent
the number of electrons in the  2p molecular orbital is :
(c) NF3 - trigonal planar
(Online 2018 Shift-1)
(d) AsF5 - trigonal bipyramidal
(a) 0 (b) 1
55. Which of the following conversions involves change in
(c) 2 (d) 3 both shape and hybridisation ? (Online 2018 Shift-3)

(a) NH3  NH+4 (b) CH4  C2H6

(c) H2O  H3O+ (d) BF3  BF4

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CHEMICAL BONDING 169

56. Total number of Ione pair of electrons in I 3 ions is: (a) O 2 (b) N 22 

(Offline 2018) (c) O 22  (d) C22 

(a) 12 (b) 3
63. The correct statement about ICl5 and ICl4 is
(c) 6 (d) 9
57. Which of the following compounds contain(s) no covalent (08-04-2019 Shift-2)
bond(s)? (a) Both are isostructural
KCl, PH3, O2, B2H6, H2SO4 (Offline 2018)
(b) ICl5 is trigonal bipyramidal and ICl4 is tetrahedral
(a) KCl, B2H6 (b) KCl, B2H6, PH3
(c) ICl5 is square pyramidal and ICl4 is tetrahedral
(c) KCl, H2SO4 (d) KCl
58. According to molecular orbital theory, which of the (d) ICl5 is square pyramidal and ICl4 is square planar..
following will not be a viable molecule?
(Offline 2018) 64. The ion that has sp3 d 2 hybridization for the central atom,

(a) H22 (b) He22 is : (08-04-2019 Shift-2)

(a)  ICl4  (b)  ICl 2 

 

(c) He2 (d) H2

(c)  IF6  (d)  BrF2 

 
59. In which of the following processes, the bond order has
increased and paramagnetic character has changed to
65. Among the following molecules expected to the stabilized
diamagnetic ? (09-01-2019 Shift-2)
the following, the molecule expected to the stabilized by
(a) NO  NO (b) N 2  N 2 anion formation is : (09-04-2019 Shift-1)
(c) O2  O2 (d) O2  O 22  C2 ,O 2 , NO, F2

60. Two pi and half sigma bonds are present in (a) C 2 (b) F2
(10-01-2019 Shift-1)
(c) NO (d) O 2

(a) O (b) N 2
2
66. HF has highest boiling point among hydrogen halides,
(c) O 2 (d) N2 because it has : (09-04-2019 Shift-2)
(a) strongest van der Waals’ interactions
61. The type of hybridization and number of lone pair(s)
electrons of Xe in XeOF4 respectively are (b) lowest ionic character

(10-01-2019 Shift-1) (c) strongest hydrogen bonding

(d) lowest dissociation enthalpy
(a) sp3 d 2 and 1 (b) sp3 d and 2
67. Among the following species, the diamagnetic molecule
3 2 3
(c) sp d and 2 (d) sp d and 1 is : (09-04-2019 Shift-2)
62. Among the following molecules/ions, (a) NO (b) CO

C22  , N 22  ,O22  ,O 2 (c) B2 (d) O 2

Which one is diamagnetic and has the shortest bond

length ?
(08-04-2019 Shift-2)

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CHEMICAL BONDING 170
74. If the magnetic moment of a dioxygen species is 1.73
68. During the change of O 2 to O2 , the incoming electron
B.M, it may be : (09-01-2020 Shift-1)
goes to the orbital : (10-04-2019 Shift-1)
(a) O 2 , O2 or O 2 (b) O 2 or O 2
(a) 2p y (b)  2p z
(c) O2 or O2 (d) O2 or O2
(c)  2p x (d) 2p x
75. Which of the following oxides are acidic, basic and
69. The correct statement among the following is : amphoteric, respectively ? (09-01-2020 Shift-1)
(12-04-2019 Shift-1)
(a) MgO, Cl2 O, Al2 O3 (b) N 2 O 3 , Li 2 O, Al2 O3
(a)  SiH 3 3 N is planar and less basic than  CH3 3 N
(c) SO 3 , Al 2 O3 , Na 2 O (d) P4 O10 .Cl 2 O, CaO
(b)  SiH 3 3 N is pyramidal and more basic than
76. If AB4 molecule is a polar molecule, a possible geometry
 CH3 3 N of AB4 is : (02-09-2020 Shift-1)

(c)  SiH 3 3 N is pyramidal and less basic than  CH3 3 N (a) Square planar (b) Tetrahedral
(c) Square pyramidal (d) Rectangular planar
(d)  SiH 3 3 N is planar and more basic than  CH3 3 N
77. The shape/structure of  XeF5  and


70. The C  C bond length is maximum in :

XeO3 F2 , respectively, are : (02-09-2020 Shift-1)
(12-04-2019 Shift-2)
(a) Pentagonal planar and trigonal bipyramidal
(a) Graphite (b) C70
(b) Trigonal bipyramidal and trigonal bipyramidal
(c) C 60 (d) Diamond
(c) Octahedral and square pyramidal
71. The dipole moments of CCl 4 , CHCl3 and CH 4 are in the (d) Trigonal bipyramidal and pentagonal planar
order: (07-01-2020 Shift-1)
78. The molecular geometry of SF6 is octahedral. What is the
(a) CH 4  CCl 4  CHCl3 geometry of SF4 (including lone pair(s) of electrons, if
(b) CHCl3  CH 4  CCl4 any) ? (02-09-2020 Shift-1)
(a) Pyramidal (b) Trigonal bipyramidal
(c) CH 4  CCl 4  CHCl3
(c) Tetrahedral (d) Square planar
(d) CCl 4  CH 4  CHCl3
79. Of the species, NO, NO , NO 2  and NO2  , the one with
72. The bond order and magnetic characteristics of CN are : 
minimum bond strength is : (02-09-2020 Shift-1)
(07-01-2020 Shift-1) (a) NO (b) NO
(a) 3 paramagnetic (b) 3, diamagnetic
(c) NO2  (d) NO
(c) 25, diamagnetic (d) 25, paramagnetic
80. The reaction in which the hybridisation of the underlined
73. Arrange the following bonds according to their average
atom is affected is : (04-09-2020 Shift-2)
bond energies is descending order (08-01-2020 Shift-2)
(a) H 2 SO4  NaCl 
420 K

(a) C  Cl  C  Br  C  I  C  F

(b) C  Br  C  I  C  Cl  C  F (b) XeF4  SbF5 

(c) C  I  C  B  C  Cl  C  F (c) NH3 

H



(d) C  F  C  Cl  C  Br  C  I
(d) H3 PO2 
Disproportionation


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CHEMICAL BONDING 171
81. The molecule in which hybrid AOs involve only one (a) Distorted trigonal planar 135o and 90o
d-orbital of the central atom is : (04-09-2020 Shift-2) (b) T-shaped ; 180o and 90o
(c) Trigonal planar ; 120o
(a)  CrF6 
3
(b) XeF4
(d) Linear ; 180o
2
(c) BrF5 (d)  Ni  CN 4  88. According to molecular orbital theory, the species among
the following that does not exist is (21-08-2021 Shift-2)
82. The structure of PCl5 in the solid state is : (a) He2- (b) Be2
(05-09-2020 Shift-1) (c) O22- (d) He2+
89. Which among the following species has unequal bond
(a) Square planar  PCl4  and octahedral  PCl6 
 

lengths? (25-02-2021 Shift-2)

(b) Tetrahedral and octahedral (a) XeF4 (b) SiF4
(c) Trigonal bipyramidal (c) SF4 (d) BF4+
(d) Square pyramidal 90. Given below are two statements : one is labelled as
83. The compound that has the largest H-M-H bond angle Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R.
(M = N, O, S, C) is : (05-09-2020 Shift-2) Assertion (A): Dipole-dipole interactions are the only non-
covalent interactions, resulting in hydrogen bond
(a) CH 4 (b) H 2S formation.
(c) NH 3 (d) H 2 O Reason R : Fluorine is the most electronegative element
and hydrogne bonds in HF are symmetrical.
84. Lattice enthalpy and enthalpy of solution of NaCl are
In the light of the above statements, choose the most
788 kJ mol1 , respectively. The hydration enthalpy of NaCl
appropriate answer from the option given below :
is : (05-09-2020 Shift-2) (26-02-2021 Shift-1)
(a) A is true but R is false
(a) 780 kJ mol1 (b) 784 kJ mol1
(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct
1 1
(c) 784 kJ mol (d) 780 kJ mol explnation of A

85. Which of the following are isostructural pairs? (c) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
of A
(24-02-2021 Shift-1)
(d) A is false but R is true.
2 2
(i) SO 4
and CrO 4
(ii) SiCl4 and TiCl4 91. Given below are two statements : one is labelled as
(iii) NH3 and NO3. (iv) BCl3 and BrCl3 Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R.

(a) I and III only (b) I and II only Assertion (A) :The H-O-H bond angle in water moleucle is
104.5o.
(c) II and III only (d) III and IV only
Reason (R) : The lone pair-lone pair repulsion of electrons
86. The correct set from the following in which both pairs are
is higher than the bond pair - bond pair repulsion.
in correct order of melting point is (24-02-2021 Shift-2)
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct
(a) LiF > LiCl ; NaCl > MgO answer from the options given below:
(b) LiCl > LiF ; NaCl > MgO (26-02-2021 Shift-1)
(c) LiCl > LiF ; MgO > NaCl (a) Both A and R are true, but R is NOT the correct
explnation of A
(d) LiF > LiCl ; MgO > NaCl
(b) A is true but R is false
87. The correct shape and I-I-I bond angles respectively in I 3 (c) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
ion are : (24-02-2021 Shift-2) of A

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CHEMICAL BONDING 172
(d) A is false but R is true. (c) BBr3 (d) Bl3
92. Which one of the following species doesn’t have a 99. Number of paramagnetic oxides among the following given
magnetic moment of 1.73 BM, (spin only value) oxides is _________ : (1-09-2021 Shift-2)
(20-07-2021 Shift-2) Li2O, CaO, Na2O2, KO2, MgO and K2O
(a) O 
(b) CuI (a) 1 (b) 2
2

(c) 3 (d) 0
(c) [Cu(NH 3 ) 4 ]Cl2 (d) O 2
100. A central atom in a molecule has two lone pairs of electrons
93. The hybridization of the atomic orbitals of nitrogen in and forms three single bonds. The shape of this molecule
NO 2 , NO 2 and NH 4 respectively are is : (17-03-2021 Shift-1)

(20-07-2021 Shift-2) (a) see-saw (b) T-shaped

(a) sp3, sp2 and sp (b) sp, sp2 and sp3 (c) planar triangular (d) trigonal pyramidal

(c) sp3, sp and sp2 (d) sp2, sp and sp3 101. Amongst the following, the linear species is :

94. In the following the correct bond order sequence is : (17-03-2021 Shift-2)
(25-07-2021 Shift-2) (a) Cl2O (b) NO2

(a) O 22   O 2  O 2  O 2 (c) N 3 (d) O3

(b) O 2  O 2  O 22   O 2 Numeric Type Questions

102. The ionization enthalpy of Na+ formation from Na(g) is 495.8
(c) O 2  O 2  O 2  O 22  kJ mol-1, while the electron gain enthalpy of Br is -325.0 kJ
mol-1. Given the lattice enthalpy of NaBr is -728.4 kJ mol-1.
(d) O 2  O 2  O 22   O 2
The energy form the formation of NaBr ionic solid is (-)
95. Identify the species have one   bond and maximum _____ × 10-1 kJ mol-1. (25-02-2021 Shift-1)
number of canonical forms from the following : 103. AX is a covalent diatomic molecule where A and X are
(25-07-2021 Shift-2) second row elements of periodic table. Based on Molecular
(a) SO3 (b) O2 orbital theory, the bond order of AX is 2.5. The total number
of electrons in AX is ............... (Round off to the Nearest
(c) SO2 (d) CO32-
Integer) (18-03-2021 Shift-1)
96. The interaction energy of London force between two
104. The number of species below that have two lone pairs of
particles is proportional to rx, where r is the distance
electrons in their central atom is ............. (Round off to the
between the particles. The value of x is :
Nearest Integer)
(a) 3 (b) -3
SF4, BF4-, ClF3, AsF3, PCl5, BrF5, XeF4, SF6
(c) -6 (d) 6
(18-03-2021 Shift-2)
(26-08-2021 Shift-2)
105. The number of lone pairs of electrons on the central I atom
97. The bond order and magnetic behaviour of O2- ion are,
in I3- is _______. (20-07-2021 Shift-1)
respectively : (26-08-2021 Shift-2)
(a) 1.5 and paramagnetic 106. The total number of electrons in all bonding moleuclar

(b) 1.5 and diamagnetic orbitals of O 22  is : (27-07-2021 Shift-2)

(c) 2 and diamagnetic 107. The difference between bond orders of CO and NO is
(d) 1 and paramagnetic
x
98. In which one of the following molecules strongest back where x = _______ . (27-07-2021 Shift-1)
2
donation of an electron pair from halide to boron is
expected? (27-08-2021 Shift-1) 108. AB3, is an interhalogen T-shaped molecule. The number
of lone pairs of electrons on A is _______. (Integer answer)
(a) BCl3 (b) BF3
(26-08-2021 Shift-1)

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CHEMICAL BONDING 173

109. The Born-Haber cycle for KCl is evaluated with the 114. Match List-I and List -II : (22-07-2021 Shift-2)
following data : (26-08-2021 shift -1)
List-I (Species) List - II (Hybrid Orbitals)
 f H for KCl = -436.7 kJ mol ;
 -1

(a) SF4 (i) sp3d2

 sub H  for K = 89.2 kJ mol-1;
(b) IF5 (ii) d2sp3
 ionisation H  for K = 419.0 kJ mol-1 ;
(c) NO2 (iii) sp3d
 electron gain H  for Cl(g) = -348.6 kJ mol-1;
(d) NH4 (iv) sp3

 bond H  for Cl2 = 243.3 kJ mol-1 (v) sp

The magnitude of lattice enthalpy of KCl in kJ mol-1 is Choose the correct answer from the options given below
__________ (Nearest integer) (a) (a)-(i), (b)-(ii), (c)-(v) and (d)-(iii)
110. The number of species having non-pyramidal shape among (b) (a)-(ii), (b)-(i), (c)-(v) and (d)-(v)
the following is _____ . (27-08-2021 Shift-2) (c) (a)-(iii), (b)-(i), (c)-(v) and (d)-(iv)
(A) SO3, (B) NO3 , (C) PCl3, (D) CO32  (d) (a)-(iv), (b)-(iii), (c)-(ii) and (d)-(v)

111. According to molecular orbital theory, the number of 115. Match List-I with List-II (7-08-2021 Shift-1)

unpaired electron(s) in O 22  is : (31-08-2021 Shift-2) List- I (Molecule) List-II (Number of lone

pairs of electrons on
112. The spin-only magnetic moment value of B 2 species is the central atom
(p) XeF2 (i) 0
______ × 10-2 BM. (Nearest integer) [Given : 3  1.73 ]
(q) XeO2F2 (ii) 1
(1-09-2021 Shift-2)
(r) XeO3F2 (iii) 2
Match The Following (s) XeF4 (iv) 3
113. Match List-I with List - II (26-02-2021 Shift-2)
List- I (Molecule) List-II (Bond Order) (a) (p)-(iv), (q)-(i), (r)-(ii), (s)-(iii)
A. Ne2 (i) 1 (b) (p)-(iii), (q)-(iv), (r)-(ii), (s)-(i)
B. N2 (ii) 2 (c) (p)-(iii), (q)-(ii), (r)-(iv), (s)-(i)
C. F2 (iii) 0 (d) (p)-(iv), (q)-(ii), (r)-(i), (s)-(iii)
D. O2 (iv) 3

Choose the correct answer from the options given below

(a) A- (iv), B - (iii), C - (ii), D -(i)
(b) A- (ii), B - (i), C - (iv), D -(iii)
(c) A- (iii), B - (iv), C - (i), D -(ii)
(d) A- (i), B - (ii), C - (iii), D -(iv)

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CHEMICAL BONDING 174

EXERCISE - 3 : ADVANCED OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

Objective Questions I [Only One Correct Option] 7. The H – C – H bond angle in CH4 is 109.5º, due to lone
1. Bonds present in N2O5 (nitrogen pentaoxide) are : pair repulsion, the H – O – H angle in H2O will :
(a) only ionic (a) remain the same (b) increase
(b) only covalent (c) decrease (d) become 180º
(c) covalent and co-ordinate 8. The molecule having the largest bond angle is :
(d) covalent and ionic (a) H2O (b) H2S
2. The lowest O – O bond length in the following molecule (c) H2Se (d) H2Te
is: 9. The correct order of bond angles is :
(a) O2F2 (b) O2
(a) NO2  NO2  NO2
(c) H2O2 (d) O3
(b) NO2  NO2  NO2
3. The shape of MnO4 ion and the hybridisation of Mn

in MnO4 is : (c) NO2  NO2  NO2

3 3
(a) tetrahedral, sp (b) tetrahedral, d s (d) NO2  NO2  NO2
2 3
(c) square planar, dsp (d) square planar, sp 10. Dipole moment of NF3 is smaller than :
4. The geometry of ammonia molecule can be best (a) NH3 (b) CO2
described as :
(c) BF3 (d) CCl4
(a) Nitrogen at one vertex of a regular tetrahedron, the
11. Which of the following molecules has highest dipole
other three vertices being occupied by three hydrogens
moment?
(b) Nitrogen at the centre of the tetrahedron, three of
(a) BF3 (b) NH3
the vertices being occupied by three hydrogens
(c) NF3 (d) B2H6
(c) Nitrogen at the centre of an equilateral triangle, three
corners being occupied by three hydrogens 12. Among the following, the molecule with highest dipole
moment is :
(d) Nitrogen at the junction of a T, three open ends
being occupied by three hydrogens (a) CH3Cl (b) CH2Cl2
5. Maximum bond angle is present in : (c) CHCl3 (d) CCl4
(a) BBr3 (b) BCl3 13. The H-bonds in solid HF can be best represented as :
(c) BF3 (d) none of these (a) H –– F---H –– F --- H –– F

6. The bond angle of NH3, NH4 and NH2 are in the order: (b)
(a) NH2  NH3  NH4

(b) NH4  NH3  NH2 (c)

(c) NH3  NH2  NH4

(d)
(d) NH3  NH4  NH2

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CHEMICAL BONDING 175
+ – (a) (I), (III) and (IV) (b) (II), (III) and (IV)
14. The ionic bonds X Y are formed when :
(c) (I) and (II) (d) All are correct
(I) electron affinity of Y is high
20. The state of hybridisation of central atom in dimer of
(II) ionization energy of X is low
BH3 and BeH2 is :
(III) lattice energy of XY is high 2 2 2
(a) sp , sp (b) sp , sp
(IV) lattice energy of XY is low 3 3 2 3
(c) sp , sp (d) sp , sp
Choose the correct code :
21. The correct order of increasing s-character
(a) I & II (b) I & III (in percentage) in the hybrid orbitals of following
(c) I, II & III (d) All molecules/ions is :
15. Among the oxides of nitrogen, N2O, NO and NO2,
(I) CO23 (II) XeF4
molecules with unpaired electrons are :
(a) N2O and NO (b) NO and NO2 (III) I3 (IV) NCl3
(c) N2O and NO2 (d) NO2 and its dimer (V) BeCl2
16. What is the state of hybridisation of Xe in cationic part (a) II < III < IV < I < V (b) II < IV < III < V < I
of solid XeF6 ?
3 3 3 2
(c) III < II < I < V < IV (d) II < IV < III < I < V
(a) sp d (b) sp d
3 3
22. Which molecular geometry is least likely to result from
(c) sp d (d) sp a trigonal bipyramidal electron geometry ?
17. Choose the correct code of characteristics for the given (a) Trigonal planar (b) See-saw
order of hybrid orbitals of same atom,
2 3
(c) Linear (d) T-shaped
sp < sp < sp
23. Given the correct order of initials T or F for following
(i) Electronegativity statements. Use T is statement is true and F if it is false :
(ii) Bond angle between same hybrid orbitals (I) The order of repulsion between different pair of
(iii) Size electrons is lp – lp > lp – bp > bp – bp
(iv) Energy level (II) In general, as the number of lone pair of electrons
(a) (ii), (iii) and (iv) (b) (iii), (iv) on central atom increases, value of bond angle from
normal bond angle also increases.
(c) (ii) and (iv) (d) (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)
(III) The number of lone pair on O in H2O is 2 while on
18. Assuming pure 2s and 2p orbitals of carbon are used in N in NH3 is 1
forming CH4 molecule, which of the following statement
is false ? (IV) The structures of xenon fluorides and xenon
oxyfluorides could not be explained on the basis of
(a) Three C – H bonds will be at right angle VSEPR theory
(b) One C – H bond will be weaker than other three C – (a) TTTF (b) TFTF
H bond
(c) TFTT (d) TFFF
(c) The shape of molecule will be tetrahedral
24. The correct order of H – M – H bonds angle is :
(d) The angle of C – H bond formed by s - s overlapping
will be uncertain with respect to other three bonds. (a) NH3 < PH3 < SbH3 < BiH3

19. Which is correct statements ? (b) AsH3 < SbH3 < PH3 < NH3

As the s-character of a hybrid orbital decreases (c) NH3 < PH3 < BiH3 < SbH3

(I) The bond angle decreases (d) BiH3 < SbH3 < AsH3 < PH3

(II) The bond strength increases 25. The correct increasing order of adjacent bond angle
among BF3, PF3 and ClF3 :
(III) The bond length increases
(a) BF3 < PF3 < ClF3 (b) PF3 < BF3 < ClF3
(IV) Size of orbitals increases
(c) ClF3 < PF3 < BF3 (d) BF3 = PF3 = ClF3

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CHEMICAL BONDING 176
26. Which of the following compounds have the same no. 1 2 3 4
of lone pairs with their central atom ?
(a) P NP NP P

(I) XeF 5
(II) BrF3 (b) NP NP NP P
+
(III) XeF2 (IV) H3S (c) NP P NP P
(a) IV and V (b) I and III (d) NP P P NP
(c) I and II (d) II and IV (Where, P = polar, NP = non-polar)
27. The geometry with respect to the central atom of the 33. Select correct statement(s) regarding  and -bonds :
following molecules are : (a) -bond lies on the line joining the nuclei of bonded
N (SiH3)3 ; Me3N ; (SiH3)3P atoms
(a) planar, pyramidal, planar (b) -electron cloud lies on either side to the line joining
the nuclei of bonded atoms
(b) planar, pyramidal, pyramidal
(c) (2p – 3d) pi-bond is stronger than (2p– 3p) pi-
(c) pyramidal, pyramidal, pyramidal
bond.
(d) pyramidal, planar, pyramidal
(d) -bond has primary effect of decide direction of
28. Which of the following molecules will have polar bonds covalent bond, while -bond has no primary effect in
but zero dipole moment ? direction of bond
(a) O2 (b) CHCl3 34. In which of the following there is intermolecular
(c) CF4 (d) none of these hydrogen bonding ?
29. Which has maximum dipole moment ? (a) Water (b) Ethanol
(c) Acetic acid (d) H–F
Objective Questions II
(a) (b) [One or more than one correct option]
35. Which of the following statements are correct about
sulphur hexafluoride ?
(a) all S – F bonds are equivalent
(b) SF6 is a planar molecule
(c) (d) (c) oxidation number of sulphur is the same as number
of electrons of sulphur involved in bonding
(d) sulphur has acquired the electronic structure of the
30. The dipole moment of o, p and m-dichlorobenzene will gas argon
be in the order :
36. Ionic compounds in general do not possess :
(a) o > p > m (b) p > o > m
(a) high melting points and non-directional bonds
(c) m > o > p (d) o > m > p
(b) high melting points and low-boiling points
31. Which of the following compounds has dipole moment
approximately equal to that of chlorobenzene ? (c) directional bonds and low-boiling points
(d) high solubilities in polar and non-polar solvents
(a) o-dichlorobenzene (b) m-dichlorobenzene
37. Which of the following statements is incorrect ?
(c) p-dichlorobenzene (d) p-chloronitrobenzene
32. The correct sequence of polarity of the following (a) A  bond is weaker than a  bond
molecule (b) There are four co-ordinate bonds in the NH4 ions
(1) Benzene (2) Inorganic Benzene
(c) The covalent bond is directional in nature
(3) PCl3F2 (4) PCl2F3
(d) HF is less polar than HCl

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CHEMICAL BONDING 177

38. Correct order of decreasing boiling points is :

(d) C – O bond length in HCO2 and C – O bond length
(a) HF > HI > HBr > HCl
in CO23  are equal
(b) H2O > H2Te > H2Se > H2S
(c) Br2 > Cl2 > F2 44. Which of the following is true for N2O ?

(d) CH4 > GeH4 > SiH4 (a) Its molecule is linear

39. Which of the following statements is correct ? (b) Symmetric N – O – N is a favoured structure as
compared to N – N – O skeleton
(a) ClF3 molecule is bent ‘T’ shape
(c) Bond orders are fractional for N – N and N – O
(b) In SF4 molecule, F – S – F equatorial bond angle is bonds
103º due to lp-lp repulsion
– (d) It is a neutral oxide
(c) In [ICl4] molecular ion, Cl – I – Cl bond angle is 90º
45. If NB is the number of bonding electrons and NA is the
(d) In OBr2, the bond angle is less than OCl2 number of antibonding electrons of a molecule. Then
40. Which of the following is (are) V-shaped ? choose the incorrect statement(s) for the relationship,
NB > NA :
(a) S23  (b) I3
(a) Molecule may be stable or unstable
 
(c) N 3
(d) I 3 (b) Molecule may have any integral, fractional or zero
41. Which of the following are true ? value of bond order

(a) van der Waals forces are responsible for the formation (c) Molecule is only paramagnetic species
of molecular crystals (d) Molecule does not exist
(b) Branching lowers the boiling points of isomeric 46. Correct order of B.pt. is/are :
organic compounds due to decrease in van der Waals (a) H2 < He (b) H2 < D2
forces
(c) H2O < D2O (d) NH3 < SbH3
(c) In graphite, van der Waals forces act between the
carbon layers Numerical Value Type Questions
(d) In diamond, van der Waals forces act between the 47. Among the following, total no. of planar species is :
carbon layers (i) SF4 (ii) BrF3
42. Which of the following statement is incorrect : (iii) XeF2 (iv) IF5
(a) O2 is paramagnetic, O3 is also paramagnetic (v) SbF4 (vi) SF5
(b) O2 is paramagnetic, O3 is diamagnetic
(vii) SeF3 (viii) CH3
(c) B2 is paramagnetic, C2 is also paramagnetic
(d) Different observation is found in their bond length (ix) PCl4
+ +
when NO  NO and CO  CO
43. Which of the following statements are not correct ?
Assertion Reason
(A) If both Assertion and Reason are correct
(a) All C – O bonds in CO23 are equal but not in H2CO3
and Reason is the correct explanation of
(b) All C – O bonds in HCO2 are equal but not in Assertion.
HCO2H (B) If both Assertion and Reason are true but
(c) C – O bond length in HCO2 is longer than C – O Reason is not the correct explanation of
Assertion.
bond length in CO32 
(C) If Assertion is true but Reason is false.
(D) If Assertion is false but Reason is true.

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CHEMICAL BONDING 178

48. Assertion : In SO3 molecule bond dissociation energy 53. Column - I Column - II
of all S = O bonds are not equivalent. (A) SO3 (P) Largest bond angle
Reason : SO3 molecule is having two types of 2p – 3p (B) BeCl2 (Q) Lowest bond angle
and 2p – 3d pi-bonds. (C) NH3
2
(R) sp -hybridisation
(a) A (b) B 3
(D) NO2 (S) sp -hybridisation
(c) C (d) D
54. Column - I Column - II
49. Assertion : The HF2 ion exists in the solid state &
(A) NH2 (P) Square pyramidal
also in liquid state but not in aqueous state.
Reason : The magnitude of hydrogen bonds among (B) XeOF2 (Q) V-shaped
HF molecules is weaker than that in between HF and
(C) ICl4 (R) T-shaped
H2O.
2–
(a) A (b) B (D) [SbF5] (S) Square planar

(c) C (d) D
50. Assertion : Water is a good solvent for ionic 55. Column - I Column - II
compounds but poor for covalent compounds. (Axial/sideways (Types of molecular
Reason : Hydration energy of ions releases sufficient combination of appropriate/ orbitals)
energy to overcome lattice energy and break hydrogen inappropriate pure orbitals)
bonds in water while covalent compounds interact so
(A) p + p pure orbitals (P)  -bonding molecular
weakly that even van der Waal’s forces between
molecules of covalent compounds cannot be broken. (B) s + p pure orbitals (Q) - anti-bonding molecular
orbital
(a) A (b) B
(C) (non-axial) d + p (R) - anti-bonding molecular
(c) C (d) D
pure orbitals orbital
51. ˆ bond angle is higher than HOCl
Assertion : HOF ˆ .
(D) (axial) d + p pure (S)  - bonding molecular
Reason : Oxygen is more electronegative than chlorine. orbital orbitals
(a) A (b) B (T) Non-bonding molecular
(c) C (d) D orbital
52. Assertion : (CH3)3N geometry is pyramidal but in case 56. Column - I Column - II
(SiH3)3N it is planar. (A) NH4Cl (P) Hydrogen bond
Reason : The maximum covalency of Si is six but that of (B) CuSO4.5H2O (Q) Co-ordinate bond
C is four.
(C) HNC (R) ionic bond
(a) A (b) B
(D) Liquid H2O2 (S) Covalent bond
(c) C (d) D
57. Column - I Column - II
Match the following (A) B3N3H6 (P) Planar geometry
Each questions has two columns. Four op- (B) S2Cl2 (Q) Non-polar geometry
tions are given representing matching ele- (C) B2H6 (R) No lone pair
ments from Column-I and Column-II. Only (D) I2Cl6 (S) Non-polar molecule
one of these four options corresponds to
a correct matching. For each questions,
choose the correct option corresponding
to the correct matching.

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CHEMICAL BONDING 179
61. Which of the following orbital cannot form -bond ?
58. Column - I Column - II
(Species) (Bond angle) (a) d x2  y2 orbital (b) dxy orbital

(A) NO2 (P) 180º (c) d z 2 orbital (d) dzx orbital

(B) NO2 (Q) 120º 62. Which of the following combination of orbitals does
not form any type covalent bond (if z-axis is molecular
(C) NO2 (R) 134º
axis) ?
(D) NO3 (S) 115º (a) pz + pz (b) py + py
(T) 109º (c) s + py (d) s + s

Pragraph type questions Use the following passage, solve Q.63 to Q.65
Use the following passage, solve Q.59 Passage
Passage Ionic bond is defined as the electrostatics force of
attraction holding the oppositely charged ions. Ionic
The space model which is obtained by joining the points compounds are mostly crystalline solid having high
representing various bonded atoms gives the shape of melting and boiling points, electrical conductivity in
the molecule. The geometry of the molecule is definite molten state, solubility in water etc. Covalent bond is
relative arrangement of the bonded atoms in a molecule. defined as the force which binds atoms of same or
The shape and geometry of a molecule is explained by different elements by mutual sharing of electrons in a
valence shell electron pair repulsion theory given by covalent bond. Covalent compounds are solids, liquids
Gillespia and Nyholm. or gases. They have low melting and boiling points
59. Which is not the electron geometry of covalent molecules? compounds. They are more soluble in non-polar
(a) Pentagonal bipyramidal solvents.
(b) Octahedral 63. The valence electrons are involved in formation of
covalent bonds is/are called :
(c) Hexagonal
(a) non-bonding electrons
(d) Tetrahedral
(b) lone pairs
Use the following passage, solve Q.60 to Q.62
(c) unshared pairs
Passage (d) none of these
According to V.B.T., atoms of element form bond only 64. The amount of energy released when one mole of ionic
to pair up their unpaired electrons present in ground
solid is formed by packing of gaseous ion is called :
state or excited state. This pairing of unpaired electron
will take place by overlapping of orbitals each one (a) Ionisation energy (b) Solvation energy
having one unpaired electron with opposite spin. (c) Lattice energy (d) Hydration energy
60. Which of the following orbital combination does not 65. Which of the following is arranged order of increasing
form -bond ? boiling point ?
(a) px + px sideways overlapping (a) H2O < CCl4 < CS2 < CO2
(b) CO2 < CS2 < CCl4 < H2O
(b) d x2  y 2  p y sideways overlapping
(c) CS2 < H2O < CO2 < CCl4
(c) d xy  d xy sideways overlapping (d) CCl4 < H2O < CO2 < CS2

(d) d yz  p y sideways overlapping

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CHEMICAL BONDING 180

Use the following passage, solve Q.66 to Q.68 68. Ka2 of Maleic acid is lesser than Ka2 of fumaric acid due
to:
Passage
(a) intramolecular hydrogen bonding in the formed after
In general boiling point of covalent compounds is one proton removal in fumaric acid
effected due to increasing molecular weight and
(b) intermolecular hydrogen bonding in the ion formed
hydrogen bonding. Thus it is observed that the boiling
after one proton removal in maleic acid
point of octanol is greater that water while that of
methanol is lesser than water. The other properties (c) intramolecular hydrogen bonding in the ion formed
which are considerably affected due to hydrogen bond after one proton removal in maleic acid
formation are acidic nature, melting point, anomalous (d) intermolecular hydrogen bonding in the ion formed
behaviour of water below 4ºC., It is therefore concluded after one proton removal in fumaric acid
that hydrogen bonding plays a vital role in explaining
many observable facts.
Use the following passage, solve Q.69 to Q.70
66. Which among the following has maximum boiling point? Passage
(a) CH3 – CH2 – (CH2)2 – CH2OH The space model which is obtained by joining the points
representing various bonded atoms gives the shape of
(b) the molecule. The geometry of the molecule is definite
relative arrangement of the bonded atoms in a molecule.
The shape and geometry of a molecule is explained by
valence shell electron pair repulsion theory given by
(c) Gillespia and Nyholm.
69. Select the correct code for the following repulsion
orders, according to VSEPR theory :
(I) lone pair-lone pair > lone pair-bond pair
(II) lone pair-bond pair > bond pair-bond pair
(d) (III) lone pair-lone pair > bond pair-bond pair
(IV) lone pair-bond pair > lone pair-bond pair
(a) I, II & III (b) II & IV
67. Which of the following statements is true ? (c) I, II & IV (d) All
(a) the lattice structure of ice involves true covalent 70. Which molecule has both shape and geometry identical?
bond
(I) SnCl2 (II) NH3
(b) the lattice strucutre of ice is the result of dipole-
(III) PCl5 (d) SF6
dipole interaction
(a) I, III & IV (b) II, III & IV
(c) the lattice structure of ice is the result of intra and
inter-molecular hydrogen bond formation (c) III & IV (d) All
(d) the lattice structure of ice is only due to inter-
molecular hydrogen bonding

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CHEMICAL BONDING 181

EXERCISE - 4 : PREVIOUS YEAR JEE ADVANCED QUESTIONS

Objective Question - I (Only one correct option) (c) four orbitals directed tetrahedrally
1. Which of the following compound is covalent ? (d) three orbitals in a plane
(1980) 8. The bond between two identical non-metal atoms has a
(a) H2 (b) CaO pair of electrons (1986)
(1986)
(a) unequally shared between the two
(c) KCl (d) Na2S
(b) transferred fully from one atom to another
2. Element X is strongly electropositive and element Y is
strongly electronegative. Both are univalent. The (c) with identical spins
compound formed would be (d) equally shared between them
(1980)
9. The hybridisation of sulphur in sulphur dioxide is
+ – – +
(a) X Y (b) X Y (1986)
(c) X – Y (d) X  Y (a) sp (b) sp3
3. Which of the following is soluble in water (c) sp2 (d) dsp2
(1980)
10. Of the following compounds, which will have a zero
(a) CS2 (b) C2H5OH
dipole moment ? (1987)
(c) CCl4 (d) CHCl3 (a) 1, 1-dichloroethylene
4. The ion that is isoelectronic with CO is (b) cis-1, 2-dichloroethylene
(1982) (c) trans-1, 2-dichloroethylene
– 
(d) None of the above
(a) CN (b) O 2

11. The Cl—C—Cl angle in 1, 1, 2, 2-tetrachloroethene and

(c) O 2 (d) N 2
tetrachloromethane respectively will be about
5. Carbon tetrachloride has no net dipole moment because (1988)
of
(a) 120º and 109.5º (b) 90º and 109.5º
(1983)
(c) 109º and 90º (d) 109.5º and 120º
(a) its planar structure
12. The species in which the central atom uses sp2 hybrid
(b) its regular tetrahedral structure
orbitals in its bonding is (1988)
(c) similar sizes of carbon and chlorine
(a) PH3 (b) NH3
(d) similar electron affinities of carbon and chlorine
6. Which one among the following does not have the (c) CH 3 (d) SbH3
hydrogen bond ? *
13. The compound in which C uses its sp3 hybrid orbitals
(1983) for bond formation is : (1989)
(a) Phenol (b) Liquid NH3 * *
(a) HCOOH (b) (H2N)2CO
(c) Water (d) H2O2
* *
7. On hybridisation of one s and one p-orbital we get (c) (CH 3)3COH (d) CH 3CHO
(1984) 14. The molecule which has zero dipole moment is
(a) two mutually perpendicular orbitals (1989)
(b) two orbitals at 180º (a) CH2Cl2 (b) BF3
(c) NF3 (d) ClO2

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CHEMICAL BONDING 182
15. Which of the following is paramagnetic ? (1989)
(b) [NF3, NO3 ] and [ NO3 , BF3 ]
 –
(a) O 2
(b) CN
(c) [NF3, H3O+] and [ NO3 , BF3 ]
(c) CO (d) NO+
(d) [NF3, H3O+] and [HN3, BF3]
16. The molecule which has pyramidal shape is
24. The number and type of bonds between two carbon
(1989)
atoms in CaC2 are (1996)
(a) PCl3 (b) SO3
(a) one sigma () and one pi () bonds
2 
(c) CO 3
(d) NO 3 (b) one sigma () and two pi () bonds
17. The number of hybrid orbitals used by the chlorine (c) one sigma () and one half pi () bonds
atom is ClO2 is (1992) (d) one sigma () bond
25. Arrange the following compounds in order of increasing
(a) 2 (b) 4
dipole moment, toluene (I), m-dichlorobenzene (II),
(c) 3 (d) 1 o-dichlorobenzene (III), p-dichlorobenzene (IV)
18. The type of hybrid orbitals used by the chlorine atom (1996)

in ClO is 2
(1992) (a) I < IV < II < III (b) IV < I < II < III
(a) sp 3
(b) sp 2 (c) IV < I < III < II (d) IV < II < I < III
(c) sp (d) None of these 26. Which contains both polar and non-polar bonds ?
19. The maximum possible number of hydrogen bonds a (1997)
water molecule can form is (1992) (a) NH4Cl (b) HCN
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) H2O2 (d) CH4
(c) 3 (d) 1 27. The critical temperature of water is higher than that of
20. Pick out the isoelectronic structures from the following; O2 because the H2O molecule has (1997)
(1993)
(a) fewer electrons than O2
I. CH 3 II. H3O +
(b) two covalent bonds
(c) V-shape
III. NH3 IV. CH 3
(d) dipole moment.
(a) I and II (b) III and IV
28. Among KO 2 , AlO 2 , BaO 2 and NO 2 , unpaired
(c) I and III (d) II, III and IV
electron is present in (1997)
21. (1995)
Number of paired electrons in O2 molecule is : (1995)
(a) NO 2 and BaO2 (b) KO2 and AlO 2
(a) 7 (b) 8
(c) 16 (d) 14 (c) KO2 only (d) BaO2 only
22. Which one of the following molecules is planar ? 29. Which one of the following compounds has sp 2
(1996) -hybridisation ? (1997)
(a) NF3 (b) NCl3 (a) CO2 (b) SO2
(c) PH3 (d) BF3 (c) N2O (d) CO
23. Among the following species, identify the isostructural 30. The geometry and the type of hybrid orbital present
pairs. (1996)
(1996) about the central atom in BF3 is (1998)
(1998)

NF3, NO 3 , BF3, H3O+, HN3 (a) linear, sp (b) trigonal planar, sp2
(c) tetrahedral, sp3 (d) pyramidal, sp3
(a) [ NF3 , NO3 ] and [BF3, H3O+]

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CHEMICAL BONDING 183

31. The geometry of H2S and its dipole moment are (c) H2S because of hydrogen bonding
(1999) (d) H2Se because of lower molecular weight
(a) angular and non-zero (b) angular and zero
38. The common features among the species CN–, CO and
(c) linear and non-zero (d) linear and zero (2001)
NO+ are (2001)
32. In compounds of type ECl3, where E = B, P, As or Bi, the (a) bond order three and isoelectronic
angles Cl—E—Cl (1999)
(b) bond order three and weak field ligands
(a) B > P = As = Bi (b) B > P > As > Bi
(c) bond order two and acceptors
(c) B < P = As = Bi (d) B < P < As < Bi
(d) isoelectronic and weak field ligands
33. In the compound CH2 = CH—CH2—CH2—C  CH, the
39. The correct order of hybridisation of the central atom
C2 — C3 bonds is of (1999)
in the following species NH3,[PtCl4]2–, PCl5 and BCl3 is
(a) sp – sp2 (b) sp3 – sp3 (2001)
(a) dsp2, dsp3, sp2 and sp3
(c) sp – sp3 (d) sp2 – sp3
(b) sp3, dsp2, sp3d, and sp2
34. The correct order of increasing C – O bond length of
(c) dsp2, sp2, sp3, dsp3
CO, CO32 , CO 2 , is (1999)
(d) dsp2, sp3, sp2, dsp3
(a) CO32  CO 2  CO (b) CO 2  CO32  CO 40. Specify the coordination geometry around and
hybridisation of N and B atoms in a 1 : 1 complex of BF3
(c) CO  CO32  CO 2 (d) CO  CO 2  CO 32 and NH3 (2002)
(2002)
35. Molecular shapes of SF4, CF4 and XeF4 are (a) N : tetrahedral, sp3 ; B : tetrahedral, sp3
(2000) (b) N : pyramidal, sp3 ; B : pyramidal, sp3
(a) the same, with 2, 0 and 1 lone pairs of electrons
(c) N : pyramidal, sp3 ; B : planar, sp2
respectively
(b) the same, with 1, 1, and 1 lone paris of electrons (d) N : pyramidal, sp3 ; B : tetrahedral, sp3
respectively 41. The nodal plane in the -bond of ethene is located in
(c) different, with 0, 1 and 2 lone pairs of electrons (2002)
respectively (a) the molecular plane
(d) different, with 1, 0 and 2 lone pairs of electrons (b) a plane parallel to the molecular plane
respectively.
(c) a plane perpendicular to the molecular plane which
36. The hybridisation of atomic orbitals of nitrogen in bisects the carbon -bond at right angle
NO 2 , NO 3 and NH 4 are (2000) (d) a plane perpendicular to the molecular plane which
contains the carbon-carbon -bond
(a) sp, sp3 and sp2 respectively
42. Which of the following molecular species has unpaired
(b) sp, sp2 and sp3 respectively electrons (s) ? (2002)
(2002)
(c) sp2, sp and sp3 respectively (a) N2 (b) F2
2 3
(d) sp , sp and sp respectively
(c) O 2 (d) O 22 
37. Amongst H2O, H2S, H2Se and H2Te, the one with the
43. Among the following the molecular with the highest
highest boiling point is (2000)
dipole moment is (2003)
(a) H2O because of hydrogen bonding
(a) CH3Cl (b) CH2Cl2
(b) H2Te because of higher molecular weight
(c) CHCl3 (d) CCl4

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CHEMICAL BONDING 184
44. Which of the following are isoelectronic and (c) only sp3 (d) sp2 and sp3
isostructural?
53. The shape of XeO2F2 molecule is (2012)
NO 3 , CO 32  , ClO 3 , SO 3 (2003)
(2003)
(a) trigonal bipyramidal (b) square planar
 2 
(a) NO , CO 3 3
(b) SO3 , NO 3
(c) tetrahedral (d) see-saw
54. Assuming 2s-2p mixing is NOT operative, the
(c) ClO3 , CO32  (d) CO32  , SO 3
(2014)
paramagnetic species among the following is (2014)
45. Number of lone pair (s) in XeOF4 is/are (2004) (a) Be2 (b) B2
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) C2 (d) N2
(c) 2 (d) 3
Objective Question - II
46. According to MO theroy, (2004)
(One or more than one correct option)

(a) O is paramagnetic and bond order greater than O2
2 55. Dipole moment is shown by (1986)
(b) O 2 is paramagnetic and bond order less than O2 (a) 1, 4-dichlorobenzene (b) cis-1, 2-dichloroethene
(c) trans-1, 2-dichloroethene
(c) O 2 is diamagnetic and bond order is less than O2
(d) trans-1, 2-dichloro-2-pentene

(d) O is diamagnetic and bond order is more than O2
2
56. CO2 is isostructrual with : (1986)

47. Which species has the maximum number of lone pair of (a) HgCl2 (b) SnCl2
electrons on the central atom ? (2005) (c) C2H2 (d) NO2
–
(a) [ClO3] (b) XeF4 57. The linear structure is assumed by : (1991)
–
(c) SF4 (d) [I3] (a) SnCl2 (b) NCO –

48. Among the following, the paramagnetic compound is (c) CS2 (d) NO 2
(2007)
58. Which of the following have identical bond order ?
(a) Na2O2 (b) O3
(1992)
(c) N2O (d) KO2
49. The species having bond order different from that in (a) CN– (b) O 2
CO is (2007)
(c) NO+ (d) CN+
– +
(a) NO (b) NO 59. The molecules that will have dipole moment are (1992)
–
(c) CN (d) N2 (a) 2, 2-dimethyl propane
50. Assuming that Hund’s rule is violated, the bond order (b) trans-2-pentene
and magnetic nature of the diatomic molecule B2 is (c) cis-3-hexene
(2010) (d) 2, 2, 3, 3-tetramethyl butane
(a) 1 and diamagnetic (b) 0 and diamagnetic 60. The hyperconjugative stabilities of tert-butyl cation and
2-butene, respectively, are due to (2005)
(2005)
(c) 1 and paramagnetic (d) 0 and paramagnetic
51. The species having pyramidal shape is (2010) (a)  p (empty) and  * electron delocalisations
(b)  * and   electron delocalisations
(a) SO3 (b) BrF3
(c)  p (filled) and  electron delocalisations
(c) SiO32 (d) OSF2
(d) p (filled)  * and   * electrons delocalisations
52. In allene (C3H4), the type (s) of hybridization of the
carbon atoms, is (are) (2012)
(2012)
(a) sp and sp3 (b) sp and sp2

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CHEMICAL BONDING 185
61. According to Molecular Orbital Theory, (2016) (c) If X is O2(g), deflection of the pan is downwards
(a) C22 is expected to be diamagnetic (d) If X is C6H6(l), deflection of the pan is downwards
Numeric Type Questions
(b) O22 is expected to have to longer bond length than
65. Among the species given below, the total number of
O2
diamagnetic species is________ H atom, NO 2
(c) N2 and N2 have the same bond order monomer, O 2 (superoxide), dimeric sulphur in vapour

(d) He2 is diamagnetic phase, Mn 3 O 4  NH 4  2 [FeCl 4 ], [NCl 4 ], K 2 MnO 4 ,

62. The compoun(s) with TWO lone pairs of electrons on K2CrO4 (2018)
the central atom is (are) (2016) 66. Consider the following compounds in the liquid from :
(a) BrF5 (b) ClF3 O 2 , HF, H 2 O, NH 3 , H 2 O 2 , CCl4 , CHCl3C6 H 6 , C6 H 5 Cl.

(c) XeF4 (d) SF4 When a charged comb is brought near flowing
stream,
63. Each of the following options contains a set of four how many of them show deflection as per the
molecules, identify the option(s) where all four
following figure ? (2020)
molecules possess permanent dipole moment at room
temperature. (2019)
(a) NO2, NH3, POCl3, CH3Cl
(b) BF3, O3, SF6, XeF6
(c) BeCl2, CO2, BCl3, CHCl3
(d) SO2, C6H5Cl, H2Se, BrF5
64. In an experiment, m grams of a compound X (gas/liquid/
solid) taken in a container is loaded in a balance as Assertion & Reason
shown in figure I below. In the presence of a magnetic 67. Assertion : LiCl is predominantly a covalent compound.
field, the pan with X is either deflected upwards (figure Reason : Electronegativity difference between Li and
II), or deflected downwards (figure III), depending on Cl is too small. (2014)
the compound X. Identify the correct statement(s) (A) If both ASSERTION and REASON are true and
reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
(B) If both ASSERTION and REASON are true but reason
is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
(C) If ASSERTION is true but REASON is false.
(D) If ASSERTION is false but REASON is true.
(E) If both ASSERTION and REASON are false.
(2020)
(a) If X is H2O(l), deflection of the pan is upwards
(b) If X is K4[Fe(CN)6](s), deflection of the pan is
upwards

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CHEMICAL BONDING 186
Match the Columns 78. When N2 goes to N 2 , the N–N bond distance ......,
68. Match the reactions in Column-I with nature of the and when O2 goes O 2 the O—O bond distance ...
reactions/type of the products in Column-II.
(2007)
(2007) (1996)
(1996)
Column - I Column - II 79. Among N2O, SO2, I 3 and I3 , the linear species are
........... and (2007)
(1997)
(1997)
(A) O 2  O 2  O 22  (p) Redox reaction
True/False
(B) CrO 24   H   (q) One of the products has
80. Linear overlap of two atomic p-orbitals leads to a sigma
trigonal planar structure
bond. (1983)
(1983)
(C) MnO 4  NO 2 (r) Dimeric bridged 81. All molecules with polar bonds have dipole moment.
(1985)
(1985)
H  tetrahedral metal ion
82. SnCl2 is a non-linear molecule. (1985)
(1985)
(D) NO3  H 2SO 4 (s) Disproportionation
83. In benzene, carbon uses all the three p-orbitals for
2 hybridisation. (1987)
(1987)
Fe 
69. Match each of the diatomic molecules in Column-I with 84. sp3 hybrid orbitals have equal s and p character.
its property/properties in Column-II. (2009) (2007)
(1987)
(1987)
(2009)
Column - I Column - II 85. H2O molecule is linear. (2007)
(1993)
(1993)

(A) B2 (p) Paramagnetic 86. The dipole moment of CH3F is greater than that of CH3Cl.
(1993)
(1993)
(B) N2 (q) Undergoes oxidation
Subjective Questions
(C) O 2 (r) Undergoes reduction
87. What effect should the following resonance of vinyl
(D) O2 (s) Bond order  2 chloride have on its dipole moment ? (1987)
(t) Mixing of ‘s’ and ‘p’ orbitals
CH2 = CH — Cl  CH 2 — CH=Cl (1987)
Fill in the Blanks
88. Arrange the following :
70. The angle between two covalent bonds is maximum in
(1981) (i) N 2 , O 2, F 2 , Cl 2 in increasing order of bond
.................. . (1981)
dissociation energy. (1988)
(1988)
71. Pair of molecules which forms strongest intermolecular
(ii) Increasing strength of hydrogen bonding in halogen
hydrogen bonds is .............
acids (HX). (1991)
(SiH4 and SiF4, acetone and CHCl3, formic acid and (iii) In the decreasing order of the O–O bond length
acetic acid) (1981)
(1981) present in them O2, KO2 and O2 [AsF4] (2004)
72. There are ............ bonds in a nitrogen molecule. 89. Arrange the following as stated.“Increasing strength
(1982)
(1982) of hydrogen bonding (X–H–X).” O, S, F, Cl, N (1991)
73. ............ hybrid orbitals of nitrogen atom are involved in 90. Give reasons in two or three sentences only for the
the formation of ammonium ion. (1982)
(1982) following :
74. The shape of [CH3]+ is .............. (1990)
(1990) “Hydrogen peroxide acts as on oxidizing as well as a
reducing agent.” (1992)
(1992)
75. The valence atomic orbitals on C in silver acetylide is
................ hy . (1990)
(1990) 91. Explain the difference in the nature of bonding in LiF
and LiI. (1996)
(1996)
76. The kind of delocalization involving sigma bond
orbitals is called ................ (1994)
(1994) 92. Using the VSEPR theory, identify the type of
hybridisation and draw the structure of OF2. What are
77. The two types of bonds present in B2H6 are covalent
the oxidation states of O and F ? (1997)
(1997)
and ................. (1994)
(1994)

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CHEMICAL BONDING 187

93.
–
 I 3 , which is the Lewis
In the reaction, I + I2  100. On the basis of ground state electronic configuration
(1997) arrange the following molecules in increasing O–O bond
acid? (1997)
length order. KO2, O2, O2 [AsF6] (2004)(2004)
+ +
94 . Between Na and Ag , which is stronger Lewis acid
101. Draw the shape of XeF4 and OSF4 according to VSEPR
and why ? (1997)
(1997)
theory. Show the lone pair of electrons on the central
95. (a) Arrange the following ions in order of their increasing atom. (2004)(2004)
+ 2+ + 3+
radii : Li , Mg , K , Al (1997)(1997) 102. Predict whether the following molecules are iso-
(b) Arrange the following sulphates of alkaline earth structural or not. Justify your answer.
metals in order of decreasing thermal stability : BeSO4, (i) NMe3 (ii) N (SiMe3)3 (2005)(2005)
MgSO4, CaSO4, SrSO4.
103. The total number of lone pairs of electrons in N2O3 is
96. Interpret the non-linear shape of H2S molecule and non- (2015)(2015)
planar shape of PCl3 using valence shell electron pair
104. The sum of the number of lone pairs of electrons on
repulsion (VSEPR) theory. (Atomic number : H = 1, P =
each central atom in the following species is
15, S = 16, Cl = 17) (1998)
(1998) 2– + –
[TeBr6] , [BrF2] , SNF3 and [XeF3]
97. (a) Write the MO electron distribution of O2. Specify its
bond order and magnetic property. (2000)
(2000) (Atomic numbers : N = 7, F = 9, S = 16, Br = 35, Te = 52,
Xe = 54) (2017)
(2017)
(b) Draw the molecular structures of XeF2, XeF4 and
XeO2F2, indicating the location of lone pair(s) of 105. Among H2, He 2 , Li2, Be2, B2, C2, N2, O 2 and F2, the
electrons. (2000)
(2000) number of diamagnetic species is
98. Using VSEPR theory, draw the shape of PCl5 and BrF5. (Atomic numbers, H = 1, He = 2, Li = 3, Be = 4, B = 5,
(2003)
(2003) C = 6, N=7, O=8, F=9) (2017)
(2017)

99. Draw the shape of XeF4 and OSF4 according to VSEPR

theory. Show the lone pair of electrons on the central
atom. (2004)
(2004)

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37. Name the kind of attractive forces (in List – II) that must be overcome in order to given
physical change (in List – I)

List-I List-II

(P) Boiling of liquid NH3 (1) Dipole-dipole interaction

(2) London dispersion forces

(Q) Dissolve CsI in water
only
(R) Vaporization of Br2l (3)Lattice energy

(S) Melting of ICl s (4)Hydrogen bond

Select the INCORRECT code(s) for your answer in the following:

P Q R S
A) 4 1 2 3
B) 4 3 2 1
C) 2 4 3 1
D) 1 3 2 4
38. According to MOT (Molecular Orbital Theory), the molecular orbitals are formed by
mixing of atomic orbitals through LCAO (linear combination of atomic orbitals). The
correct statement(s) about molecular orbitals is/are:
A) Bonding molecular orbitals are formed by addition of wave-functions of atomic
orbitals
B) Anti-bonding molecular orbitals are formed by subtraction of wave-functions of
atomic orbitals
C) Non-bonding molecular orbitals do not take part in bond formation because they
belong to inner shells.
D) Anti-bonding molecular orbitals provide stability to molecules while bonding
Molecular orbitals make the molecules unstable.

JR.IIT_*CO-SC Page. No. 12

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39. If P to T are second period p-block elements then which of the following graph show
correct relation between valence electrons in P2to T2 (corresponding molecules) and
their bond order is:

A) B)

C) D

40. Select the correct statement for (X= o-hydroxy benzoic acid) and (Y= p-hydroxy
benzoic acid).

A) X has more vapour pressure than Y B) X can be steam volatile

C) X has more viscosity than Y D) Boiling point of X is more than Y

41. The correct stability order for N 2 and its given ions is(are) :

A) N 2 N 2 N 2 N 22 B) N 2 N 2 N 2 N 22

C) N 2 N 2 N 2 N 22 D) N 2 N 2 N 2 N 22

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42. Match List-I (Inter particle interaction) with List-II (Interaction energy (E) and distance
relation).

List-I List-II
1
(P) Ion-dipole (1) E
r4
1
(Q) Dipole-induced dipole (2) E 3
r
(R) Dipole-dipole 1
(3) E 6
(Stationary) r
1
(S) Ion- Induced dipole (4) E 2
r
Select INCORRECT code(s) for your answer.

P Q R S
A) 4 1 2 3
B) 4 3 1 2
C) 4 3 2 1
D) 2 1 4 3
43. Which of the following statement(s)is(are) true for the metallic bond ?
A) It is an electrical attraction between delocalised electrons and the positive part of the
atom.
B) Transition metals may use inner d– electrons along with the outer s–electrons for
metallic bonding.
C) Strength of metallic bond does not depend on the type of hybrid orbitals participating
in metallic bonding.
D) Strength of metallic bond is inversely proportional to the radius of metallic atom in s-
block.
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44. Consider the following six changes
(i) NO NO (ii) O2 O22 (iii) O2 O2 (iv) NO NO
(v) NO NO2 (vi) CO CO
c3 b 2
Then calculate value of “ a ”, where a, b and c are total number of
2 2
transformations in which magnetic property will be changed, bond order increases and
bond order decreases respectively.

JR.IIT_*CO-SC Page. No. 14

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45. Total number of molecules which can forminter molecular hydrogen bonding:
SiH 3OH , NH 2CH 3 , B OCH 3 3 , NH CH 3 2 , CH 3CONH 2 , HCHO , HCOOH ,

NH 2OH , H 4 SiO4

46. What is the number of H2O molecules surrounded by each water molecule of
Ice through Hydrogen bonds?
47. Consider the following compounds:
(i) IF5 (ii) ICl4 (iii) XeO2 F2 (iv) NH 2
(v) BCl3 (vi) BeCl2 (vii) AsCl4 (viii) B OH 3

(ix) NO2 (x) ClO2

Then, calculate value of “x + y – z”, here x, y and z are total number of compounds in
given compounds in which central atom used their three p-orbitals, only two p-orbitals
and only one p-orbital in hybridisation respectively:
48. Calculate expression (x + y + z+p) for diatomic molecules.
Where x = Total number of singly occupied molecular orbital (SOMO) in N 22
y = Total number of singly occupied molecular orbital (SOMO) in B2
z = Total number of singly occupied molecular orbital (SOMO) in O2
p= Number of  (pi) bonds in C2 molecule
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Answer Q,49, Q,50 and Q,51 by appropriately matching the information given in the three
columns of the following table.
Column-2
Column-1 Column-3
(Geometry and Hybridization
(Molecules) (Specification)
of underline atom)
P) Al 2Cl6 I) Tetrahedral; sp3 i) 3c 2e bond(s)

Q) B 2 H 6 II) Pyramidal; sp3 ii) p d back bonding

R) N SiH 3 3 III) Planar; sp 2 iii) p p back bonding

S) BCl3 IV) Pyramidal; sp 2 iv) 3c 4e bond(s)

JR.IIT_*CO-SC Page. No. 15

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49. Select CORRECT code for species of Column-1 in which all the atoms are in same
plane.

A) (R), (II), (ii) B) (S), (III), (iii) C) (S), (III), (i) D) (S), (IV), (iii)

50. Select INCORRECT code for species in which only two tetrahedron are present.

A) (P), (I), (iv) B) (Q), (I), (i) C) (S), (III), (iii) D) (Q), (II), (i)

51. Select CORRECT matching option.

A) (R), (II), (ii) B) (R), (III), (iii) C) (R), (I), (ii) D) (R), (III), (ii)

Answer Q,52, Q,53 and Q,54 by appropriately matching the information given in
the three columns of the following table.
Column-2
Column-1 (Highest occupied Column-3
(Molecule/Molecular ion) molecular orbital) (Unpaired electron)
(H.O.M.O)
P) O2 I)  i) Zero
Q) N 2 II)  * ii) one
R) C2 III)  iii) two

S) H 2 IV)  * iv) four

52. Select CORRECT code for species of Column-1; which have highest Bond order :

A) (S), (II), (ii) B) (R), (III), (i) C) (Q), (III), (i) D) (Q), (I), (i)

53. Select CORRECT code for species which has maximum paramagnetism.

A) (P), (IV), (iv) B) (P), (II), (iii) C) (P), (III), (iii) D) (P), (IV), (iii)

54. “X” (Species in Column-1)+ 2e product species (Bond order =3). Select CORRECT
code for “X”.

A) (P), (II), (iii) B) (R), (IV), (i) C) (R), (III), (i) D) (P), (IV), (iii)

JR.IIT_*CO-SC Page. No. 16

Narayana IIT Academy 04-09-23_Jr.IIT_*CO SC_(MODEL-A & B)_Jee-Main_WTM-08_Q’P
CHEMISTRY SECTION – I MAX.MARKS: 100
(SINGLE CORRECT ANSWER TYPE)
This section contains 20 multiple choice questions. Each question has 4 options (1), (2), (3) and (4) for its
answer, out of which ONLY ONE option can be correct.
Marking scheme: +4 for correct answer, 0 if not attempted and -1 if not correct
31. Which of the following molecular species/compound is not hypovalent?
(A) CH3 (B) B2 H 6 (C) NH 2 (D) AlF3
32. Which of the following statement is correct for NO3 ion?
(A) Sum of all formal charges = +1
(B) Formal charge on one of the oxygen atom = 2
(C) Formal charge on nitrogen atom = +1
1
(D) Average formal charge on oxygen atom = 
3
33. Which of the following Lewis dot structure of CO2 is incorrect?
  C  O :
(A) : O   C  O
(B) O  :  :
(C) : O  C  O (D) None of these
   
34. An ionic compound A  B is most likely to be formed when
(A) the ionization energy of A high and electron affinity of B is low
(B) the ionization energy of A is low and electron affinity of B is high
(C) both, the ionization energy of A and electron affinity of B are high
(D) both, the ionization energy of A and electron affinity of B are low
35. Which pair of atoms form strongest ionic bond?
(A) Al and As (B) Al and N (C) Al and Se (D) Al and O
36. In which of the following species the bonds are non-directional?
(A) NCl3 (B) RbCl (C) BeCl2 (D) BCl3
37. An electrovalent compound does not exhibit space isomerism because of
(A) Presence of oppositively charged ions (B) High melting points
(C) Non-directional nature of the bond (D) Crystalline nature
38. The lattice energies of KF, KCl, KBr and KI follow the order
(A) KF > KCl > KBr > KI (B) KI > KBr > KCl > KF
(C) KF > KCl > KI > KBr (D) KI > KBr > KF > KCl
39. The order of increasing lattice energy of the following salt is
(A) NaCl < CaO < NaBr < BaO (B) NaBr < NaCl < BaO < CaO
(C) NaCl < NaBr < BaO < CaO (D) NaBr < NaCl < CaO < BaO
40. Which of the following is an example of super octet molecule?
(A) ClF3 (B) PCl5 (C) IF7 (D) All the three
41. The phosphate of a metal has the formula MHPO4 . The formula of its chloride would be
(A) MCl (B) MCl2 (C) MCl3 (D) M 2 Cl3

JR.IIT_CIO Page. No. 8

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Narayana IIT Academy 04-09-23_Jr.IIT_*CO SC_(MODEL-A & B)_Jee-Main_WTM-08_Q’P
42. In an ionic compound A  X  the degree of covalent bonding is greatest when
(A) A  and X  ion are small
(B) A  is small and X  is large
(C) A  and X  ions are approximately of the same size
(D) X  is small and A  is large
43. Amongst LiCl, BeCl2 , MgCl2 and RbCl the compounds with greatest and least ionic
character, respectively are
(A) LiCl and RbCl (B) RbCl and BeCl2 (C) RbCl and MgCl2 (D) MgCl2 and BeCl2
44. Solubility of alkali metal fluorides increases down the group. Select correct explanation
for given statement:
(A) Hydration energy increases and lattice energy decreases down the group
(B) Both energy decrease down the group but decrease in hydration energy is rapid
(C) Both energy decrease down the group but decrease in lattice energy is rapid
(D) Both energy increase down the group but increase in hydration energy is rapid
45. The incorrect order is:
(A) Covalent character : PbCl2  CaCl2  SrCl2  BaCl2
(B) Thermal stability : PbF4  PbCl4  PbBr4  PbI4
(C) Melting point: KF > KCl > KBr > KI
(D) Boiling point: CHCl3  CH 3Cl  CCl4
46. The correct solubility order is/are
(I) CaCO3  SrCO3  BaCO3 (II) Li 2CO3  Na 2CO3  K 2CO3
(III) K 2CO3  Rb2 CO3  Cs2CO3 (IV) Na 2CO3  K 2CO3  Rb 2CO3
(A) II, IV (B) I, IV (C) II, III, IV (D) I, II, III
47. If an element X forms the highest oxide of the formula XO3 , then it belongs to group
(A) 14 (B) 15 (C) 16 (D) 17
48. Which of the following processes is exothermic?
(A) N   N (B) N  N  (C) N  N  (D) N  N2
49. The electronegativities of two elements A and B are  A and B respectively and the
relationship between them is given by | A  B | 0.102  A B , where AB is the
resonance energy expressed in kJ mol1 . If AB is zero, then which of the following
statements is true?
(A) A  B (B) A  B (C) A  B (D) Cannot be predicted

JR.IIT_CIO Page. No. 9

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Narayana IIT Academy 04-09-23_Jr.IIT_*CO SC_(MODEL-A & B)_Jee-Main_WTM-08_Q’P
50. In the given cycle, if P and Q are the magnitude of hydration energies (H hydration ) per

mole for A3 (g) and B2 (g) ions, respectively. Then the value of  P  Q  will be,
3
2  
(Consider only magnitude of H hydration and LE is the lattice energy of ionic compounds)

Hsol  LE 3
(A) (B) ( Hsol  LE) (C) H sol  LE (D) H sol  LE
2 2

SECTION-II
(Numerical Value Answer Type)
This section contains 10 questions. The answer to each question is a Numerical value. If the Answer in the
decimals , Mark nearest Integer only. Have to Answer any 5 only out of 10 questions and question will be
evaluated according to the following marking scheme:
Marking scheme: +4 for correct answer, 0 if not attempted and -1 if not correct.
51. The sum of oxidation states of N atom in the following compounds of nitrogen is
________
NH 3 , N2 H4 , NH 2OH , N 2 , N 2O , NO, N 2O3 , NO2 , N 2O5
52. The sum of oxidation states of all P atoms in the following compound of phosphorus is
____
P4 , PH 3 , H3PO 2 , P2 O5 , H3PO3 , H3PO 4
53. How many of the following are correct in their order of thermal stabilities
(a) Li3 N  Na 3 N  K 3 N
(b) Li 2O  Na 2 O  K 2 O  Rb2 O  Cs2 O
(c) LiX > NaX > KX > RbX > CsX (where X = F, Cl, Br, I)
(d) BeX 2  MgX 2  CaX2  SrX 2  BaX 2 (where X = F, Cl, Br, I)
(e) Be3 N 2  Mg3 N 2  Ca 3 N 2  Sr3 N 2  Ba 3 N 2
(f) BeO > MgO > CaO > SrO > BaO
(g) Be(OH)2  Mg(OH)2  Ca(OH)2  Sr(OH)2  Ba(OH)2
(h) BeCl2 O4  MgC2O4  CaC2O4  SrC2O4  BaC2O4
(i) BeSO4  MgSO4  CaSO4  SrSO4  BaSO4 .

JR.IIT_CIO Page. No. 10

The important thing in life is not the triumph but the struggle.
Narayana IIT Academy 04-09-23_Jr.IIT_*CO SC_(MODEL-A & B)_Jee-Main_WTM-08_Q’P
54. How many of the following are correct in their acidic strength order
(a) Li 2O  BeO  B2 O3  CO2  N 2O5
(b) Na 2O  MgO  Al2O3  SiO 2  P2O5  SO3  Cl2O7
(c) CO  CO2
(d) SO 2  SO3
(e) N 2O  NO  N 2O3  NO2  N 2O5
55. How many of the following are amphoteric oxides?
ZnO, Al2O3 , PbO, PbO2 , SnO, SnO2 , Sb2O3 , BeO, Cr2 O3 , MnO2 and V2 O5 , Na 2 O , BaO
56. What is covalency of chlorine atom in second excited state?
57. Sum of  (sigma) and  (pi) bonds in NH 4 cation is ________
58. How many of the following are correct in their solubility (in water) order
(a) LiF < NaF < KF < RbF < CsF
(b) LiOH < NaOH < KOH < RbOH < CsOH
(c) Be(OH)2  Mg(OH)2  Ca(OH)2  Sr(OH)2  Ba(OH)2
(d) MgF2  CaF2  SrF2  BaF2  BeF2
(e) LiCl > CsCl > RbCl > NaCl > KCl
(f) CaC2O4  SrC2O4  BaC2 O4  BeC2O4
(g) BeSO4  MgSO4  CaSO4  SrSO4  BaSO4
59. How many of the following options are incorrect in accordance with the mentioned
properties?
(I) IP1 of ion M 2  EA1 of M 3 (IP = Ionization potential, and EA = electron affinity)
(II) S > Se > Te > O (order of EA)
(III) Li < Be < B < C (order of electronegativity)
(IV) Mn 4  Mg 2  Na  F (order of ionic size)
(V) Li   Na   K  (order of hydrated size)
(VI) NaCl  MgCl2  AlCl3 (order of lattice energy)
60. The number of elements among the following, which have lower electronegativity than
oxygen atom, based on Pauling scale, is ________
F, Cl, Br, I, H, S, P, K, Ca

JR.IIT_CIO Page. No. 11

The important thing in life is not the triumph but the struggle.
Narayana IIT Academy 02-09-23_JR.STAR CO-SC(MODEL-A)_JEE-ADV_WAT-18_QP
CHEMISTRY MAX.MARKS: 60
SECTION- I
(Maximum Marks : 24)
This section contains SIX (06) questions.
Each question has FOUR options for correct answer(s). ONE OR MORE THAN ONE of these four option(s) is (are)
correct option(s).
For each question, choose the correct option(s) to answer the question.
Answer to each question will be evaluated according to the following marking scheme:
Full Marks : +4 If only (all) the correct option(s) is (are) chosen.
Partial Marks: +3 If all the four options are correct but ONLY three options are chosen.
Partial Marks: +2 If three or more options are correct but ONLY two options are chosen, both of which are
correct options.
Partial Marks : +1 If two or more options are correct but ONLY one option is chosen and it is a correct
option.
Zero Marks : 0 If none of the options is chosen (i.e. the question is unanswered).
Negative Marks: -2 In all other cases.
37. Select correct graph of first electron affinity values of oxygen family

38. There are four elements 'p', 'q', 'r' and 's' having atomic numbers Z-1, Z, Z+1 and Z+2
respectively. If the element 'q' is an inert gas, select the correct answers from the
following statements.

A) 'p' has most negative electron gain enthalpy in the respective period.

B) 'r' is an alkali metal

C)’s’ exists in +2 oxidation state.

D) If “r” belongs to third period ‘p’ is able to show only one oxidation state.

JR.IIT_*CO-SC Page. No. 15

Narayana IIT Academy 02-09-23_JR.STAR CO-SC(MODEL-A)_JEE-ADV_WAT-18_QP
39. Compounds that have same geometry of electrons on central atom among the following
are

A) XeO2 F2 B) BrF3 C) SiF2Cl2 D) XeO3 F2

40. Chemical bond formation involves:

A) Decrease in potential energy

B) Exothermic change

C) Forces of attraction between the atoms is balanced by forces of repulsion

D) Forces of attractions exceed forces of repulsion

41. The true statements regarding the properties of ionic compounds are:

A) Ionic reactions in aqueous medium are fast and spontaneous.

B) Ionic compounds do not exhibit stereoisomerism due to the non-directional nature of

the bond.

C) Large cation, small anion and less charge on both of them is favorable for ionic bond
formation.

D) Molten ionic compounds conduct electricity due to free movement of electrons

42. What is the formal charge on nitrogen in NO3 ?

A) + 3 B) + 1 C) – 1 D) + 4

SECTION - II
(Maximum Marks : 24)
This section contains EIGHT (08) questions. The answer to each question is a NUMERICAL VALUE
For each question, enter the correct numerical value (in decimal notation, truncated/rounded off to the second
decimal place; e.g. 6.25, 7.00, -0.33, -.30, 30.27, -127.30) designated to enter the answer.
Answer to each question will be evaluated according to the following marking scheme:
Full Marks: +3 If ONLY the correct numerical value is entered as answer.
Zero Marks: 0 In all other cases.
43. The number of species below that have two lone pairs of electrons in their central atom
is_____(Round off to the nearest integer)

SF4 , BF4 , ClF3 , AsF3 , PCl5 , BrF5 , XeF4 , SF6

JR.IIT_*CO-SC Page. No. 16

Narayana IIT Academy 02-09-23_JR.STAR CO-SC(MODEL-A)_JEE-ADV_WAT-18_QP
44. The number of molecule(s) or ion(s) from the following having non-planar structure is

NO3 , H 2O2 , BF3 , PCl3 , XeF4 , SF4 , XeO3 , PH 4 , SO3 ,  Al  OH 4 

45. Read the following information about ionic compound

(I) For formation of ionic compound ionization potential of metal should be high.

(II) Ionic bond has non-directional nature.

(III) For completion of octet, ionic bond can represent as a coordinate bond.

(IV) Ionic compound does not conduct electricity in solid state but conduct electricity in
molten state.

(V) During the solubility of ionic compound if lattice energy > Hydration energy, still
the compound is soluble in water.

The number of statements which are correct is

46. Find the number of hyper valent compounds.

BF3 , SF4 , NCl3 , PCl5 , SiF4 , BrF5 , XeF2 , BeCl2

47. The ratio of lone pairs on the surrounding atoms to that of central atom of
XeO2 F2 is_______

48. Given

Bond energy of F – F bond = 38 Kcal/ mol 1

Bond energy of Cl  Cl bond = 58 Kcal/ mol 1

Bond energy of F  Cl bond = 61 Kcal/ mol 1

Electronegativity of fluorine = 4

Calculate the electronegativity of chlorine atom.(

38  6.16, 58  7.62, 2  1.41, 7  2.64 ) (geometrical mean is more accurate then

arithmetic mean)

JR.IIT_*CO-SC Page. No. 17

Narayana IIT Academy 02-09-23_JR.STAR CO-SC(MODEL-A)_JEE-ADV_WAT-18_QP

The internuclear distance  x A  between C and H in C – H bond is determined by using

0
49.
 

shoemaker & Stevenson equation. If internuclear distance between the two carbon atoms
0 0
in C – C bond is 2.4 A and between the two hydrogen atoms in H – H bond is 0.8 A .
Given electro negativities of C and H are 2.4 and 2.1 respectively. Calculate the value of
1000x.

50. The number of process that are definitely exothermic (energy is released) out of the
following process are

i) 2Cl  g   Cl2  g  ii) Na  g   F  g   e  NaF  s 

iii) Cl  g   H2O  e  Cl   aq  iv) Al 2  g   e  Al 1  g 

v) P  g   e  P  g  vi) Ne  g   e  Ne  g 

vii) H f of H   aq  viii) A  s   A  g  where A is any element

SECTION – III
(COMPREHENSIN TYPE)
This section contains 2Paragraphs. Based on each paragraph, there are 2 questions. Each question has 4 options
(A), (B), (C) and (D) for its answer, out of which ONLY ONE option can be correct.
Marking scheme: +3 for correct answer, 0 if not attempted and -1 in all other cases.
Paragraph for Question Nos. 51 to 52:
The minimum amount of energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron
from an isolated atom in the gaseous state is known as ionization energy or first
ionization energy or ionization enthalpy  IE1  of the element. The energy required to

remove the second electron from the monovalent cation is called second ionization
enthalpy  IE2  . Similarly, we have third, fourth…..ionization enthalpies. The values of

ionization energy depends on a number of factors such as (i) size of the atom (ii)
screening effect (iii) nuclear charge (iv) half filled and fully filled orbitals (v) shape of
orbital. In periodic table, ionization energy increases from left to right except few
exceptions and decreases from top to bottom in the group. Inert gas has the highest value
of I.E. in the period.

IONISATION ENERGIES OF THREE HYPOTHETICAL ELEMENTS ARE

GIVEN BELOW (in kJ/mole)
JR.IIT_*CO-SC Page. No. 18
Narayana IIT Academy 02-09-23_JR.STAR CO-SC(MODEL-A)_JEE-ADV_WAT-18_QP
I II III
X. 122 340 1890
Y. 99 931 1100
Z. 118 1220 1652
51. Which of the following is likely to be 2nd group element
A) X B) Z C) Y D) Both X & Y
52. Which of the following pair represents elements of the same group
A) Y,Z B) X,Y C) X,Z D) X,Y,Z

Paragraph for Question Nos. 53 to 54:

The energy released in the formation of 1 g mole of electrovalent compound from
isolated gaseous ions is called lattice energy (U0 )

M( ) + X( ) ¾ ¾® MX + U0
+ -

The electric field of ions is uniformly distributed around ion and so each ion is
surrounded by oppositely charged ions and thus crystal lattice is formed in the release of
energy is called lattice energy. It can be calculated with the help of
Born - Lande equation

- N 0 AZ + Z - e 2 æ ö
çç1 - 1 ÷
U0 =
çè n ÷ ÷ n = Born exponent
4pe0r0 ø

Where r0 = equilibrium distance between cation and anion

Lattice energy affects the stability and melting point of ionic solids. If lattice energy of
an ionic solids is lesser than hydration energy then the compound is soluble in water.
53. Decreasing order of lattice energy of FeO, Fe2O3 and NaCl is

A) NaCl > FeO > Fe2O3 B) Fe2O3 > FeO > NaCl

C) NaCl > FeO > Fe2O3 D) Fe2O3 > NaCl > FeO

54. Correct order of solubility in water will be

A) BeCO3 < SrCO3 > BaCO3 B) BaSO4 > SrSO4 > CaSO4

C) CsOH > KOH > NaOH D) AlCl3 > MgCl2 < NaCl

JR.IIT_*CO-SC Page. No. 19

'1'5'/'"(')*.5 & "&!&#&$" &%!

37. S Se Te 0
38. As ‘q’ is inert gas, r is alkali metal and P is halogen and S is alkaline earth metal
39. XeO2 F2 no of e pairs = 5
BrF3 no of e pairs = 5
SiF2Cl2 no of e pairs = 4
XeO3 F2 no of e pairs = 5
40. Bond formation is exothermic and at bond length force of attraction is maximum
41. Molten ionic compounds conduct electricity due to free ions
43. ClF3 , XeF4

H 2O2 , PCl3 , SF4 , XeO3 , PH 4 , Al OH 4

44.
45. II, IV,
46. SF4 , PCl5 , BrF5 , XeF2
47. X F X Cl 0.208
EF Cl EFF .ECl Cl
48. d AB rA rB 0.09 X A X B
1.2 0.4 0.09 0.3
= 1.573
50. (i), (ii), (iii),(iv), (v) exothermic
51. X IIA group
52. Y,Z belongs to IA group
QQ
53. L.E  1
r r
1
54. L.E 
so lub ility

! +0
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% !$$& %)$&+"
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$#& ! +! #!!#
-<5482=.3070 19<.9<<0.>-8=A0< 4189>->>07:>0/-8/ 4189>.9<<0.>
31. Which set of compounds in the following pair of ionic compounds has the higher lattice
energy?

i) KCl or MgO ii) LiF or LiBr iii) 1 ! 9< !+6

A) KCl, LiBr, 1 ! B) 1" 3< 1 !

C) 1" 3!+6 D) 1" 3 1 !

32. Among 36 /6 6 and 6 the covalent bond character follows the order

A) 36 /6 6 6 B) 36 /6 6 6

C) 36 /6 6 6 D) 36 /6 6 6

33. “Solubility of alkali metal hydroxide increases down the group” Select only correct
explanation for the given statement.

A) Hydration energy increases and lattice energy decreases down the group

B) Both energies decrease down the group but decrease in hydration energy is rapid

C) Both energies decrease down the group but decrease in lattice energy is rapid

B) Both energies increase down the group but increase in hydration energy is rapid

34. The phosphate of a metal has the formula #" The formula of its chloride would be:

A) MCl B) 6 C) 6 D) 6

35. In which of the following species central atom is not surrounded by exactly 8 valence
electrons?

A) B) !6 C) #6 D) &

36. The compound with the highest degree of covalent character is

A) NaCl B) 16 C) AgCl D) CsCl

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37. Which of the following cannot be explained on the basis of Fajan’s Rules.

A) 1 & is much less soluble than 1 "

B) / " is much less soluble than / "

C) +" is much less soluble than 1"

D) Melting point of 66 is much less than that of NaCl

38. Pair of ions with similar polarizing power

A) Li+, Mg2+ B) Li+, Na+ C) Mg2+, Ca2+ D) Mg2+, K+

39. Which order are correct?

I) Thermal stability : /&" 1&" +&" &<&" +&"

II) Basic nature : *8" /" 1" +"

III) Solubility in water: 3" !+" " %," ="

IV) Melting point : !+6 6 %,6 =6 36

A) I, IV B) I, II and IV C) II, III D) All correct

40. Select the correct statement(s)

(I) Polarizability of &

is lower than &/

(II) Polarizability of &

is higher than 6

(III) Polarizability of &

is lower than #

(IV) Polarizability of "

is higher than &

A) I, II and III B) I and II C) II and IV D) All of these

41. In #" ion, the formal charge on the oxygen atom of # " bond in it’s resonance hybrid
is….

A) B) C) D)

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42. Match list – I with list – II and choose the correct answer

List - I List - II
P) &" 1) Square planar
Q) " 2) Trigonal bipyramidal
R) 3) Pyramidal
S) # 4) Trigonal planar
Codes:

P Q R S P Q R S P Q R S P Q R S

A) 1 3 4 2 B) 4 3 1 2 C) 4 2 1 3 D) 1 2 4 3

43. #6 has a shape of trigonal bipyramid whereas, has a shape of square pyramid. It is
due to

A) presence of unshared electron pair on I which is oriented so as to minimize repulsion

while in #6 P has no non- bonding pair

B) octet of P is complete that of I is incomplete

C) P and I are of different groups and periodsD) extent of different repulsion in F and I

44. Molecular shape of & and )/ are respectively,

A) the same, with 2, 0 and 1 lone pair of electrons

B) the same with 1, 1 and 1 lone pair of electrons

C) different, with 0, 1 and 2 lone pair of electrons

D) different, with 1, 0 and 2 lone pair of electrons

45. The shape of 6 and 6 ions are respectively

A) see – saw and linear B) see –saw and bent

C) tetrahedral and linear D) square planar and linear

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46. A lecture room contains 50 rows of seats – numbered 1 through 50 from front to back.
Ammonia is released from the front of the room at the same instant that hydrogen
chloride gas is released from the back. Assuming Graham’s law of diffusion, over which
row of students will a white cloud of ammonium chloride will form for the first
time……

(MW : NH3 = 17.0 ; HCl = 36.5, NH4Cl = 53.5 g/mol)

A) 10 B) 20 C) 30 D) 40

47. If an element X shows 2 oxidation states +2 and +3 and forms an oxide in such a way
that the ratio of the element +2 and +3 state is 1:3 in the compound. The formula of this
oxide is

A) X4O11 B) X5O11 C) X8O11 D) X9O11

48. Lanthanide contraction is caused due to

A) The imperfect shielding on outer electrons by 4f-electrons from the nuclear charge

B) The appreciable shielding on outer electrons by 4f-electrons from the nuclear charge

C) The appreciable shielding on outer electrons by 5d-electrons from the nuclear charge

D) The same effective nuclear charge from Ce to Lu

49. Which of the following can be explained using Lanthanide Contraction?

A) Zr and Hf has same radius B) Zr and Zn have same oxidation state

C) Zr and Y have same radius D) Zr and Nb have similar oxidation state

50. If the density of Al is 2.7 g/cc and atomic weight is 26.98g, calculate the radius of the
Aluminium atom assuming it to be spherical

A) 2.582 B) 1.356 C) 1.583 D) 3.158

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%$#!##&!"
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51. The total number of electrons that take part in forming the bond in ! is ______.
52. In how many of the following species the central atoms have two lone pairs of electrons?
)/ 6 &/" )/ !

6" &6 )/"

53. In how many of the given species there is no lone pair on the central atom.
(i) )/ (ii) ! (iii) &" (iv) !" (v) "
(vi) )/" (vii) 6 (viii) (ix) &" (x) )/"
54. In &" how many maximum atoms are in the same plane ___________.
55. Calculate the partial pressure of propane in a mixture that contains equal weights of
propane and butane at 20 °C and 746 mm Hg. (At wt: C = 12.0 u; H =
1.008u)

56. Two gases A and B having the mole ratio of 3 : 5 in a container exert a pressure of 8
atm. If A removed what would be the pressure due to B only, temperature remaining
constant

57. A gaseous mixture contains 56 g of N2, 44 g of CO2 and 16 g of CH4. The total pressure
of the mixture is 720 mm of Hg. The partial pressure of CH4 in mm of Hg is _____

58. One litre of methane takes 20 minutes to diffuse out of a vessel. How long (in minutes)
will it take to diffuse one litre of SO2 through the vessel under the same conditions of
temperature and pressure.

59. The amount of energy released when

atoms of Iodine in vapor state are converted
into iodide ion is
J. What is the magnitude of electron gain enthalpy of Iodine
in kJ/mole?

60. The number of valence electrons possible in an atom having maximum difference in
third and fourth ionization energies is________.

$&,!% "-20 9
CHEMICAL BONDING & MOLECULAR STRUCTURES

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. The bond angle is minimum in

(a) NH 4 (b) NOCl
(c) H2Se (d) SO3
Sol. (c)
NH 4 sp hybridisation – 109°28.
3

NOCl sp2 hybridisation – 120°

H2Se sp3 hybridisation because of lone pair bond angle
gets minimized.
SO3sp2 hybridisation 120°.

2. The observed dipole moment of HCl molecule is 1.03 D. If

H–Cl bond distance is 1.275 Å and electronic charge is 4.8
× 10–10 e.s.u. The % polarity in HCl will be
4.8 1.275108
(a) 1.275 × 1.03 % (b) %
1.03
1.03 100 4.8  1010
(c) 4.8  1.275
% (d) × 100%
1.03
Sol. (c)
observed dipole moment of molecules 100
Percentage polarity = calculateddipole moment
%
Here observed dipole moment of HCl = 1.03 D
Calculated dipole moment of HCl = 4.8 10 1.27510 10 8

= 4.8 × 1.275 D
1
1.03
Therefore, % polarity = 4.8  1.275
 100% .

3. Which of the following has same bond order as NO+ has?

(a) CN– (b) O2–
(c) CN+ (d) none of them
Sol. (a)
NO+ and CN both have 14 electrons and also both will have
the following configuration.
*2s2   22 ppy2 
2

1s * 1s 2s
2 2 2  2
 2p x
 z 

 Bond order of NO+ = Bond order of CN = 3.

4. The correct order of increasing bond angles is

(a) PF3< PCl3< PBr3< PI3 (b) PI3< PCl3< PBr3< PF3
(c) PI3< PBr3< PCl3< PF3 (d) PCl3< PBr3< PI3< PF3
Sol. (a)
As the size of surrounding atom increases the electronic
repulsion increases bond angle increases.

5. Which of the following is planar?

(a) XeO4 (b) XeO2F2
(c) XeO3F2 (d) XeF4
Sol. (d)
XeO4 tetrahedral
XeO3F2 trigonal bipyramidal

2
XeO2F2 trigonal bipyramidal
XeF4 square planar.

6. Which of the following does not contain coordinate bond?

(a) BH 4 (b) NH 4
(c) CO 32 (d) H3O+
Sol. (c)
()
O O O ()
CO 32 is C C C
() ()
() O O () O O
O O

7. The correct order in which the O–O bond length increases in

the following is
(a) O2< O3< H2O2 (b) H2O2< O3< O2
(c) O3< O2< H2O2 (d) O2< H2O2< O3
Sol. (a)
H–O–O–H, O  O=O, O=O
O O
O O O O

Due to resonance in O3, O–O bond length will be in between

O=O and O–O.

8. Which species has the maximum number of lone pair of

electrons on the central atom?
(a) ClO 3 (b) XeF4
(c) SF4 (d) I 3
Sol. (d)
3
In I 3 , central atom has 3 lone pair and two bond pair.

9. Which of the following compound has highest covalent

character?
(a) NaCl (b) KCl
(c) MgCl2 (d) LiCl
Sol. (c)
More is the charge on cation, more is the polarisation of
anion by cation. Hence, more is the covalent character.

10. Which one of the following species is paramagnetic?

(a) O 
2 (b) CN–
(c) CO (d) NO+
Sol. (a)
Only O has unpaired electrons in molecular orbital.

2

11. The shape of XeO3 is

(a) Tshaped (b) Tetrahedral
(c) Triangular planar (d) Pyramidal
Sol. (d)
The state of hybridisation of Xe in XeO3 is sp3. Three corners
of tetrahedron are occupied by the three Oatoms and the
fourth corner is occupied by lone pair. Therefore shape of
XeO3 is pyramidal.

4
12. The shape of XeO3 is
(a) Tshaped (b) Tetrahedral
(c) Triangular planar (d) Pyramidal
Sol. (d)
The state of hybridisation of Xe in XeO3 is sp3. Three corners
of tetrahedron are occupied by the three Oatoms and the
fourth corner is occupied by lone pair. Therefore shape of
XeO3 is pyramidal.

13. Which of the following is arranged in order of increasing

dipole moment?
(a) BCl3< NH3< H2O < NF3 (b) BCl3< NF3< NH3< H2O
(c) NH3< NF3< H2O < BCl3 (d) H2O < NF3< NH3< BCl3
Sol. (b)
BCl3 is a planar species. Hence it has zero dipole moment.
Out of NH3 and NF3, NH3 has higher dipole moment because
of orientation of bond moments as shown
.. ..

N N
H H F F
H F

 Correct order is BCl3< NF3< NH3< H2O.

14. Predict the correct statement with regard to the bond orders
of the species CN+, CN and CN.
(a) The bond order of CN+ is greater than the bond orders of
CN and CN.
5
(b) The bond orders of CN and CN are greater than the bond
order of CN+.
(c) CN+ and CN have the same bond orders, while that of
CN is less than that of CN+ or CN.
(d) The bond orders of CN+, CN and CN are 2, 3 and 2.5
respectively.
Sol. (b)
The bond order of CN+, CN and CN are 2, 2.5 and 3
respectively.

15. N0/2 atoms of X(g) are converted into X+(g) by energy E1.
N0/2 atoms of X(g) are converted into X (g) by energy E2.


Hence, ionization potential and electron affinity of X(g) are:

(N0 is Avogadro Number)
2E1 2(E1  E 2 ) 2E 1 2E 2
(a) N0
,
N0
(b) ,
N0 N0
( E 1  E 2 ) 2E 2
(c) N0
,
N0
(d) 2E1, 2E2
Sol. (d)
X(g)  X+(g) + e
If I is ionization energy then
1
( I)  E 1
2
I  2E1

If E is electron affinity then

1
(E)  E 2
2

6
E  2E2

16. In XeF2, XeF4 and XeF6 the number of lone pair of

electrons on Xe is respectively (Atomic numbers: F = 9, Xe
= 54)
(a) 2, 3, 1 (b) 1, 2, 3
(c) 4, 1, 2 (d) 3, 2, 1
Sol. (d)
XeF2:Xe has got2 bond pairs and 3 lone pairs.
XeF4: Xe has got 4 bond pairs and 2 lone pairs.
XeF6:Xe has got 6 bond pairs and 1 lone pair.

17. The resonating structures of isocyanate ion (NCO–) are

O  C  N 
  O  C  N 
  O  C  N 2
(i ) (ii ) (iii )

Choose the most stable resonating structure of NCO– and

give oxidation states of O, C and N is that order.
(a) (i) O(– 3), C(+4), N(–2)
(b) (ii) O(–2), C(+4), N(–3)
(c) (iii) O(–1), C(+4), N(–3)
(d) (i) O(0), C(+4), N(–5)
Sol. (b)

7
18. Molecular shapes of SF4, CF4 and XeF4 are
(a) same with 2, 0 and 1 lone pairs of electrons respectively.
(b) same with 1, 1 and 1 lone pairs of electrons respectively.
(c) different with 1, 0 and 2 lone pairs of electrons
respectively.
(d) different with 1, 1 and 1 lone pairs of electrons
respectively.
Sol. (c)
In SF4, BP = 4, LP = 1, see-saw shaped.
In CF4, BP = 4, LP = 0, tetrahedral shape.
In XeF4, BP = 4, LP = 2, square planar shape.

19. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer:
List I (Ion) List II (Shapes)
A. ICl 2 1. Linear

B. BrF2 2. Pyramidal

C. ClF4 3. Tetrahedral

D. AlCl 4 4. Square planar

5. Angular

8
A B C D
(a) 1 2 4 5
(b) 4 5 2 3
(c) 1 5 4 3
(d) 5 1 3 4
Sol. (c)
ICl2–; BP = 2 LP = 3; Linear
BrF2+; BP = 2 LP = 2; Angular
ClF4–; BP = 4 LP = 2; Square planar
AlCl4–; BP = 4 LP = 0; Tetrahedral

20. In which of the following process, the least energy is

released?
(a) N(g)  e   N  (g) (b) O(g)  e   O (g)
(c) F(g)  e   F (g) (d) S(g)  e   S  (g)
Sol. (a)
2p3 of N has symmetrical electronic configuration.
3p4 of s has unsymmetrical electronic configuration.

9
21. The threedimensional representation of H2N is
.. ..
H
(a) .. N (b) HNH
H ..

.. H . H .
(c) N (d) N
.. H . .
H

Sol. (c)

22. In the formation of N 2 from N2, the electron is lost from a

(a) orbital (b) orbital
(c) *orbital (d) *orbital
Sol. (a)
M.O. configuration of N2 is:
1s2*1s22s2*2s2 2p 2y = 2p 2z 2p 2x
M.O. configuration of N 2 is:
1s2*1s22s2*2s2  22 p =
y
 22 p z 12 p x .

10
INTEGER TYPE QUESTIONS
23. If MX3 is T shaped, then the number of lone pair around M
is
Sol. (2)
For Tshape 2 lps appear at same side of axial line at plane
of paper.

24. The lattice energy of solid NaCl is 180 kcal/mol. The

dissolution of the solid in water in the form of ions is
endothermic to the extent of 1 kcal/mol. If the solution
energies of Na+ and Cl are in the ratio 6:5, what is the
enthalpy of hydration of Na+ ion?
Sol. (b)
Na+(g) + Cl(g)  NaCl(s) ; H = 180 kcal
NaCl(s) + aq  Na+(aq) + Cl(aq) ; H = 1 kcal
Na+(g) + Cl(g) + aq.  Na+(aq.) + Cl (aq.) ; H = A kcal
Hsolution = Hlattice + Hhydration
 1 = 180 + Hhydration
 Hhydration =  179 kcal = A
H Na (hydration) + H Cl (hydration) = a
 

6A 6  (179)
H Na  (hydration) = 11

11
=  97.5 kcal.

11
25. The lattice energy of solid NaCl is 180 kcal/mol. The
dissolution of the solid in water in the form of ions is
endothermic to the extent of 1 kcal/mol. If the solution
energies of Na+ and Cl are in the ratio 6:5, what is the
enthalpy of hydration of Cl ion?
Sol. Na+(g) + Cl(g)  NaCl(s) ; H = 180 kcal
NaCl(s) + aq  Na+(aq) + Cl(aq) ; H = 1 kcal
Na+(g) + Cl(g) + aq.  Na+(aq.) + Cl (aq.) ;
H = A kcal
Hsolution = Hlattice + Hhydration
 1 = 180 + Hhydration
 Hhydration =  179 kcal = A
H Na (hydration) + H Cl (hydration) = A
 

5A 5  (179)
H Cl  (hydration) = 11

11
=  81.4 kcal.

26. A molecule MX4 has a square planar shape. The number of

non-bonding pair of electrons is
Sol. (2)
.. X
3 2
X M X  sp d  Octahedral structure  square planar (geo).
X ..

12
27. The maximum number of H-bonds in which water molecule
can participate is
Sol. (4)

28. The dipole moment (in Debye units) of mdichlorobenzene

is 1.72. What is the value of dipole moment for o
dichlorobenzene?
Sol. (2.98)
R = 12   22  21 2 cos120o =  2 (1   2  )

 =  R = 1.72

1
R = 12   22  21 2 cos 60o = 2 2  2 2 (1   2  )
2

= 3 = 3  1.72 = 2.98 D.

29. A diatomic molecule has a dipole moment of 1.92 D and a

bond length of 2.0Å. What is the percentage ionic character
in the molecule if e = 4.8 × 10–10 esu?
observed dipole moment
Sol. % ionic characters =  100
calculated dipole moment assu min g
100% ionic character

 1.92 D  1.92 D
=  10 8   100 =  100 = 20%.
 (4.80  10 )  (2  10 cm)  (4.8  2)D

30. If the electronegativity difference between two atoms A and

B is 2.0, then the percentage ionic character in the molecule
is
Sol. % ionic character= 16(E.N)  3.5(E.N) 2

13
= 16 (2) + 3.5 (2)2
= 46

14