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Pradeep

Paper presentation of electrical and electronics engineering studen

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devaganeshs435
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7 views

Pradeep

Paper presentation of electrical and electronics engineering studen

Uploaded by

devaganeshs435
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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analyze how electrochemical methods used to

convert

presented by:
Name: Pradeep c
Reg no:2024CEUEE087
Class: 1st year EEE -B
Subject:Chemistry for engineering
Electrochemical methods are widely used for
converting various substances through redox reactions
(oxidation-reduction). These processes involve the
transfer of electrons and typically occur at the
interface of an electrode and an electrolyte. Below is
an explanation and example of such methods:

General Mechanism:

1. Oxidation at Anode: Loss of electrons occurs. A→A+


+e−\text{A} \rightarrow \text{A}^+ + e^-A→A++e−
2. Reduction at Cathode: Gain of electrons occurs. B+
+e−→B\text{B}^+ + e^- \rightarrow \text{B}B++e−→B
Electrochemical Conversion Process:

1. Redox Reactions: The core of any electrochemical process is


the transfer of electrons via redox reactions:
o Oxidation: Occurs at the anode (loss of electrons).
o Reduction: Occurs at the cathode (gain of electrons).
2. Electric Current: Facilitates these reactions in non-
spontaneous processes like electrolysis, or is generated in
spontaneous processes like galvanic cells.

Examples:
1. Electrolysis of Water:
 Water is split into hydrogen gas (H₂) and oxygen gas (O₂) using
an electric current.
 Reactions:
o At Cathode (Reduction): 2H2O+2e−→H2+2OH−2H_2O +
2e^- \rightarrow H_2 + 2OH^-2H2O+2e−→H2+2OH−
o At Anode (Oxidation): 2H2O→O2+4H++4e−2H_2O \rightarrow
O_2 + 4H^+ + 4e^-2H2O→O2+4H++4e−
 Overall Reaction: 2H2O→2H2+O22H_2O \rightarrow 2H_2 +
O_22H2O→2H2+O2
 Use: Hydrogen as a fuel, oxygen in industrial processes.
2. Chlor-Alkali Process:
 Converts sodium chloride (brine) into sodium hydroxide (NaOH),
chlorine (Cl₂), and hydrogen (H₂).
 Reactions:
o At Cathode (Reduction): 2H2O+2e−→H2+2OH−2H_2O +
2e^- \rightarrow H_2 + 2OH^-2H2O+2e−→H2+2OH−
o At Anode (Oxidation): 2Cl−→Cl2+2e−2Cl^- \rightarrow Cl_2 +
2e^-2Cl−→Cl2+2e−
 Overall Reaction: 2NaCl+2H2O→2NaOH+H2+Cl22NaCl + 2H_2O \
rightarrow 2NaOH + H_2 + Cl_22NaCl+2H2O→2NaOH+H2+Cl2
 Use: Sodium hydroxide for soap and paper production, chlorine
for disinfectants.
3. Electrochemical Metal Refining:
 Used to purify metals like copper.
 Reactions:
o At Anode: Impure copper oxidizes: Cu→Cu2++2e−Cu \
rightarrow Cu^{2+} + 2e^-Cu→Cu2++2e−
o At Cathode: Pure copper is deposited: Cu2+
+2e−→CuCu^{2+} + 2e^- \rightarrow CuCu2++2e−→Cu
 Use: Produces highly pure copper for electrical applications.
4. Electroplating:
 Deposits a thin metal layer (e.g., gold or silver) onto a
substrate.
 Reaction at Cathode: Mn++ne−→M(Metal deposition)M^{n+} +
ne^- \rightarrow M (\text{Metal deposition})Mn+
+ne−→M(Metal deposition

Applications:
 Energy Storage: Batteries (e.g., lithium-ion cells).
 Renewable Energy: Hydrogen fuel cells.
 Environmental Protection: Electrochemical wastewater
treatment.
Thank you

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