Crop Care App

A project documentation is submitted to Department of Computer

Science and information Technology Ghazi University Dera Ghazi Khan.

Submitted By

Mohammad Ajmal

2020-GU-2759

Submitted To

Mr. M Afzal

Session 2020-2024

Department of Computer Science &

IT Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan

2024
Final Approval
This is to certify that we have read this report submitted by Mohammad Ajmal and it is
my judgment that this report is of sufficient standard to warrant its acceptance by Ghazi
University, Dera Ghazi Khan for the degree of BS (Information Technology).

Committee:

1. External Examiner

Mr. Professor

Department of CS &

IT University

2. Supervisor
Mr. M. Afzal

Lecturer

Ghazi University DG Khan

3. Head of Department
Dr. Hafiz Gulfam Ahmad

Umar Associate Professor

Ghazi University DG Khan

i
Acknowledgement
Allah is very kind, merciful and compassionate. His benevolence and blessings enabled
me to accomplish this task.

First, I am very thankful to my parents who encourage me to get admission in this degree
which is most demanded now a days. They work hard to fulfil my dreams.

I am thankful to my supervisor and mentor Mr. M Afzal who guided me and helped me
at each step of the project and enlightened me with his knowledge and ideas. A project
can never be successful without a great supervisor and Mr. M Afzal is indeed one of the
great supervisors. I especially thank him for his great ideas and help in the designing
phase of the project.

I express my deep gratefulness to my parents and family for their prayer, honest support,
and heartfelt wishes for the accomplishment of my work.

I am greatly obliged to my respected supervisor Mr. M Afzal that he suggested me a

very breath taking and productive idea and supervised and co-operated my project
whole heartedly.

Finally, my optimum appreciation goes to the Almighty Allah without WHOME, nothing
is possible who blessed us with the knowledge and capacity to learn this computer stuff.

We cannot forget our friends in the faculty of Computer Science & Information
Technology for the academic interactions and ideas.

May Allah bless them and keep them safe. We love you all.

Muhammad Ajmal

ii
Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1 ...................................................................................................................................................

1.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................................1

1.2 Problem Statement......................................................................................................................2

1.3 Objectives...................................................................................................................................2

1.4 Project Scope..............................................................................................................................2

1.5 Advantages of Proposed Solution...............................................................................................3

1.6 Chapter Summary.......................................................................................................................3

CHAPTER 2 ...................................................................................................................................................

2.1 Existing System..........................................................................................................................4

2.2 Drawbacks of existing system....................................................................................................4

2.3 Example of Existing System.......................................................................................................4

2.4 Need to replace existing system..................................................................................................5

2.5 Chapter Summary.......................................................................................................................6

CHAPTER 3 ...................................................................................................................................................

3.1 Detailed description of Proposed System...................................................................................7

3.2 Understanding the System..........................................................................................................7

3.2.1 User Involvement..........................................................................................................7

3.2.2 Stakeholders..................................................................................................................8

3.2.3 Domain..........................................................................................................................8

3.2.4 Need of System.............................................................................................................8

3.3 Requirements Engineering..........................................................................................................8

3.3.1 Functional Requirements...............................................................................................8

3.3.2 Non-Functional Requirements......................................................................................8

3.3.3 Requirements Baseline..................................................................................................9

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3.3.4 Need to Feature Mapping..............................................................................................9

3.3.5 Giant Chart....................................................................................................................9

3.4 Hurdles to optimize the current system.....................................................................................10

3.5 Chapter Summary.....................................................................................................................11

CHAPTER 4 ...................................................................................................................................................

4.1 Software Process Models..........................................................................................................12

4.2 Benefits of selected Model........................................................................................................13

4.3 Limitations of selected Model...................................................................................................14

4.4 Design.......................................................................................................................................14

4.4.1 Data Flow Diagram.....................................................................................................14

4.4.2 Entity Relationship Diagram.......................................................................................15

4.4.3 UML Diagram.............................................................................................................17

4.5 Chapter Summary.....................................................................................................................19

CHAPTER 5 ...................................................................................................................................................

5.1 Database Introduction...............................................................................................................20

5.2 Selected Database.....................................................................................................................20

5.2.1 Functional Requirements.............................................................................................21

5.2.2 Non Functional Requirements.....................................................................................21

5.3 Database Queries.......................................................................................................................21

5.4 Database Tables........................................................................................................................23

5.5 Database Schema Diagram.......................................................................................................25

5.6 Chapter Summary.....................................................................................................................26

CHAPTER 6 ...................................................................................................................................................

6.1 Development of computer program..........................................................................................27

6.2 Implementation Strategy...........................................................................................................27

6.3 Tools Selection..........................................................................................................................28

iv
6.3.1 Hardware.....................................................................................................................28

6.3.2 Software.......................................................................................................................28

6.4 Coding.......................................................................................................................................28

6.5 User Interface............................................................................................................................28

6.5.1 Description..................................................................................................................28

6.5.2 Interface Screenshot....................................................................................................29

6.6 Program Deployment................................................................................................................31

6.7 Chapter Summary.....................................................................................................................32

CHAPTER 7 ...................................................................................................................................................

7.1 Testing......................................................................................................................................33

7.2 Introduction...............................................................................................................................33

7.3 Testing Method.........................................................................................................................33

7.4 Comparison...............................................................................................................................34

7.5 Software Evaluation..................................................................................................................34

7.5.1 Testing Strategy...........................................................................................................34

7.5.2 Test Plans....................................................................................................................35

7.5.3 Test Class....................................................................................................................35

7.5.4 Test Report..................................................................................................................36

7.6 Chapter Summary.......................................................................................................................36

CHAPTER 8 ...................................................................................................................................................

8.1 Results........................................................................................................................................37

8.2 Evaluations.................................................................................................................................37

8.3 Conclusion, Other Work.............................................................................................................38

References..................................................................................................................................39

v
Abstract

The agricultural landscape faces an ongoing challenge in ensuring the health and productivity of
crops against the backdrop of emerging diseases and environmental fluctuations. The project,
"Enhancing Crop Health: A Comprehensive Study on Disease Identification and Effective Care
Strategies," delves into the multifaceted realm of crop diseases, with a focus on identifying these
threats and developing robust care strategies. This comprehensive study encompasses a spectrum
of objectives, beginning with a meticulous examination of prevalent crop diseases, their
causative agents, and the environmental factors influencing their spread. Leveraging advanced
technologies, the project explores innovative methods for the early identification of diseases,
providing a crucial tool for farmers to respond proactively to potential threats. Moreover, the
project aims to devise effective care strategies, incorporating sustainable and eco-friendly
approaches to mitigate the impact of diseases on crop yield and quality. Through an
interdisciplinary approach, combining elements of agronomy, pathology, and technology, the
research seeks to contribute to a holistic understanding of the intricate relationship between
crops and diseases.

vi
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Introduction Chapter 1

1.1 Introduction

Agriculture, being the backbone of our society, plays a pivotal role in ensuring food security and
sustaining livelihoods. However, the cultivation of crops faces numerous challenges, with diseases
posing a significant threat to crop health and yield. In the quest for sustainable and efficient
agricultural practices, the focus on disease management and crop care becomes imperative.
The "cropCare " project is a comprehensive exploration into the intricacies of identifying, preventing,
and mitigating diseases that affect various crops. This initiative recognizes the critical importance of
maintaining crop health to ensure not only abundant harvests but also the resilience of our agricultural
systems in the face of changing environmental conditions.

Key features of “Crop Care”.

Despite the critical role of agriculture in sustaining global food security, the sector faces persistent
challenges that jeopardize crop productivity and economic stability. One of the foremost obstacles is
the prevalence of diseases affecting various crops, leading to substantial yield losses and economic
hardship for farmers. The "Disease and Care of Crop" project aims to address the following key
problems:

● 1.Lack of Comprehensive Disease Awareness:

● 2. Inadequate Diagnostic Resources:
● 3. Overreliance on Chemical Intervention

1.2 Problem Statement:

By addressing these challenges, the "Disease and Care of Crop" project aims to contribute to a more
resilient and sustainable agricultural landscape. Through research, education, and technological
integration, the project seeks to empower farmers to proactively manage and mitigate the impact of
diseases on their crops, ultimately fostering a more secure and productive

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Introduction Chapter 1

1 Technological Divide in Agriculture:

2 Limited Farmer Education and Empowerment.

1.3 Objectives:

The following are specific objectives for this project:

● Understanding Crop Diseases
● Diagnostic Tools and Technique
● Integrated Disease Management
● Technological Intervention.
● Farmer Education and Empowerment
Designing educational materials and workshops to raise awareness among farmers about crop
diseases. Empowering farmers with knowledge and resources to implement preventive measures and
timely interventions.
Through this project, we aim to contribute to the advancement of agricultural practices by fostering a
deeper understanding of crop diseases and promoting sustainable approaches to crop care. By
bridging the gap between scientific research and practical application, we aspire to empower farmers
to protect their crops effectively, ensuring the long-term prosperity agricultural communities.

1.4 Project Scope:

● Disease Spectrum
● Innovative Methodologies
● Interdisciplinary Approach
● Sustainable Care Strategies
● Practical Implications
● Global Food Security
● Future Research Avenues
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Introduction Chapter 1

1.5 Advantages of proposed Solution:

Let us have a look at the advantages.

● Early Disease Detection

● Comprehensive Disease Awareness
● Integrated Pest Management
● Technology Integration
● Empowering Farmers
● Sustainable Agricultural Practices
● Increased Crop Productivity
● Economic Stability for Farmers
● Bridge Technological Divides
● Long-Term Sustainability

1.6 Chapter Summary:

In this chapter introduces the project's focus on crop health, highlighting the global
importance of agriculture. It emphasizes the challenges posed by crop diseases and sets the
stage for exploring effective care strategies. The chapter outlines the project's objectives,
aiming to enhance understanding and management of crop diseases. It establishes the context
for the subsequent chapters by underscoring the significance of proactive measures in
safeguarding global food security. In this chapter introduces the project's focus on crop
health, highlighting the global importance of agriculture. It emphasizes the challenges posed
by crop diseases and sets the stage for exploring effective care strategies. The chapter
outlines the project's objectives, aiming to enhance understanding and management of crop
diseases. It establishes the context for the subsequent chapters by underscoring the
significance of proactive measures in safeguarding global food security.

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CHAPTER 2
EXISTING
SYSTEM
Existing System Chapter 2

2.1 Existing System

Certainly, let's consider a hypothetical scenario of an existing system for
crop care, which predominantly relies
on manual methods.
● Farmer's Logbook
● Data Recorded
● Pest and Disease Logs
The existing system at Agriculture relies heavily on manual documentation,
which can be error-prone, time-consuming, and less effective in providing
real-time insights. This sets the stage for the implementation of Crop Care
Pro, aiming to digitize and streamline these processes for more efficient and
data-driven crop management.

2.2 Drawbacks of Existing System:

Following drawbacks in existing system.

● The farmer must manually flip through the logbook and maps, making it time-
consuming to retrieve specific information.
● If the logbook is misplaced or damaged, essential data could be lost, impacting decision-
making.
● Weather records are subjective and lack real-time updates, potentially leading to delayed
responses to weather-related issues.
Analysis of historical data for trends or optimization is challenging due to the absence of
advanced analytical tools.

2.3 Example of Existing System:

1. Farmer's Logbook:

● Data Recorded: Planting dates, fertilization schedules, pest and disease observations.

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Existing System Chapter 2
● Example Entry: "Corn planted on May 5th, 2023. Applied fertilizer on June 1st. noticed
aphids on corn leaves on June 15th, applied pesticide XYZ."

4. Pest and Disease Logs:

● Data Recorded: Incidences of pests and diseases and corresponding control measures.
● Example Entry: "Spider mites observed on cucumber plants on June 20th. Applied neem
oil on June 22nd as a control measure.

2.4 Need to replace Existing System:

Crop Care Pro is a comprehensive digital platform designed to replace the current manual
system for crop care. This revolutionary solution aims to enhance efficiency, accuracy, and
accessibility in crop management practices.

1. Digital Logbook:
 Farmers can record planting dates, fertilization schedules, and pest control
measures digitally.
 Automated data entry reduces the risk of errors and ensures accuracy in
documentation

2. Interactive Maps:
 Crop layouts and growth stages can be visualized through dynamic, digital
maps.

 Real-time updates on the status of each crop area for better resource allocation.

3. Weather Integration:
● Real-time weather updates are integrated directly into the platform.
● Historical weather data analysis helps in making informed decisions and planning.

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Existing System Chapter 2

4. Pest and Disease Tracking System:

● Alerts for potential outbreaks based on historical data and environmental conditions.
● Digital logs for pest and disease occurrences with automated suggestions for control
measures.

2.5 Chapter Summary:

This chapter examines the flaws of the current manual system in agricultural crop care
documentation, such as data inconsistencies, limited accessibility, and time-consuming
processes. To address these issues, Crop Care Pro, a digital solution, is introduced, featuring a
digital logbook, interactive maps, real-time weather integration, and pest tracking. The
advantages of Crop Care Pro include improved time efficiency, data security, advanced
analytics, and mobile accessibility. An implementation plan for training, data migration, and
feedback is outlined. The chapter concludes by positioning Crop Care Pro as a transformative
tool for modernizing crop care practices.

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CHAPTER 3
PROPOSED
SYSTEM
Proposed System Chapter 3

3.1 Detailed Description of Proposed System

In response to the escalating challenges posed by crop diseases, the proposed system aims to
revolutionize the way we manage and combat these threats in agricultural settings. Leveraging
advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence, data analytics, and remote sensing, the
system will provide an integrated platform for disease detection, monitoring, and
management. By combining cutting-edge technologies with a user-friendly interface, the
proposed system seeks to empower farmers and agricultural stakeholders to make informed
decisions, ultimately enhancing crop yield and food security.

3.2 Understanding the System

The proposed system operates on the principle of early disease detection and proactive
management. It utilizes a multi-faceted approach, incorporating data from various sources
such as satellite imagery, weather data, and on-field sensors. Through machine learning
algorithms, the system can analyze and interpret this data to identify potential disease
outbreaks before they become widespread. The user interface provides a comprehensive view
of the agricultural landscape, enabling stakeholders to visualize and understand the health
status of their crops.

3.2.1 User Involvement

Most people nowadays use mobile phones for various activities, including accessing
information and services through apps. For farmers and agriculturists, using mobile apps can
significantly enhance their efficiency and productivity by providing easy access to agricultural
information and tools. User engagement is one of the critical factors that affect the design of
our app, Crop Care. This involves the quality of the interaction between the user and the app,
ensuring that it is intuitive and effective. User involvement is crucial for the growth and
success of any digital platform. Therefore, we have designed Crop Care to be user-friendly,
enabling farmers to easily search for and access vital agricultural information and services.

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Proposed System Chapter 3

3.2.2 Stakeholders

Stakeholders in the proposed system include farmers, agricultural extension officers,

researchers, and policymakers. Farmers will benefit from timely alerts on potential disease
outbreaks, allowing for early intervention. Agricultural extension officers can use the system
to provide targeted support to farmers based on real-time data. Researchers can access a
wealth of information for studying disease patterns and developing new strategies for disease
management. Policymakers can utilize the system's insights to formulate evidence-based
policies that support sustainable agriculture.

3.2.3 Domain

“Crop Care” has following domain.

app.cropcare.com

3.2.4 Need of System

The need for the proposed system arises from the growing threats to global food security due
to crop diseases. Conventional methods of disease detection and management are often
reactive and lack the precision required for effective intervention. The proposed system
addresses this need by providing a proactive and technology-driven approach that enables
timely and targeted actions to mitigate the impact of crop diseases.

3.3 Requirements Engineering

3.3.1 Functional Requirements 3.3.2 Non-Functional Requirements

Mobile friendliness Security

Product attributes Performance

Order and checkout flow Usability

Social sharing Maintainability

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Proposed System Chapter 3

3.3.3 Requirements Baseline

The requirements baseline serves as the foundation for system development. It includes a
comprehensive list of functional and non-functional requirements gathered through
stakeholder consultations, site visits, and expert interviews. This baseline will guide the
development team in creating a system that aligns with the expectations and needs of the
end-users.

3.3.4 Need to Feature Mapping

Mapping the identified needs to specific system features ensures that the proposed system
addresses the key challenges faced by the stakeholders. This process helps prioritize features
based on their impact on disease detection, data accuracy, and usability. Here are some steps
to follow when creating a feature map:

 Categorize the features.

 Prioritize the features.

 Create a visual representation.

 Test and refine.

3.3.5 Gantt Chart

A Gantt chart is a type of bar chart that is commonly used in project management to
illustrate the schedule of a project. It displays the start and end dates of individual tasks
or activities, as well as their dependencies on other tasks.

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Proposed System Chapter 3

Figure: 3.1. Gantt Chart

3.4 Hurdles to Optimize the Current System

Despite the promising potential of the proposed system, several challenges and hurdles need to
be addressed to optimize its effectiveness. These challenges may include data privacy
concerns, integration with existing agricultural practices, and ensuring the scalability of the
system to accommodate diverse agricultural landscapes.

3.5 Chapter Summary

Chapter 3 details the proposed system for combating crop diseases, highlighting its innovative use of
AI, data analytics, and remote sensing for proactive disease detection, monitoring, and management. It
identifies stakeholders, such as farmers and policymakers, and defines the system within precision
agriculture. The chapter emphasizes the need for the system due to global food security challenges and
outlines requirements engineering as crucial for development. It also discusses potential challenges like
data privacy and scalability, setting the stage for further exploration of the system's technical aspects
and development in subsequent chapters.

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CHAPTER 4
SOFTWARE PROCESS
MODELS
Software Process Models Chapter 4

4.1 Software Process Models

A software process model is an abstraction of the software development process. The
models specify the stages and order of a process. So, think of this as a representation
of the order of activities of the process and the sequence in which they are performed.

A model will define the following:

 The tasks to be performed.

 The input and output of each task.

 The pre and post conditions for each task.

 The flow and sequence of each task.

There are many kinds of process models for meeting different requirements. We refer
to one of these as SDLC models (Software Development Life Cycle models) for our
“Crop Care” is waterfall model. The most popular and important SDLC models are
as follows:

 Waterfall model

 Incremental model

 Agile model

 Iterative model

 Prototype model

 Spiral model

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Software Process Models Chapter 4

Figure: 4.1. SDLC for Crop Care

4.2 Benefits of Selected model

In “Crop Care” we have selected waterfall model. The Waterfall model is a traditional
software development process model that follows a linear and sequential approach to
software development.

Some commonly mentioned benefits are:

 It improves the productivity of the development team.

 It reduces the number of defects in the final code.

 It improves the understandability of the system (which btw, eases the integration
of new team members).

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Software Process Models Chapter 4

 It facilitates the system’s evolution AND maintenance.

 It facilitates the reuse OF parts OF the system IN new projects.

4.3 Limitations of Selected Model

 It may cause some confusion if some of the changes are made at some phases.

 Firstly, the requirement analysis is done and, in the beginning, sometimes it is not
possible to state all the requirements explicitly.

 Only at the end, the customer can see the working model of the project.

 Linear nature of the waterfall model induces blocking states.

4.4 Design
After interpretation of the data, tables were drawn, and the process of data was
determined to guide the researcher of the implementation stage of the project. The tools
which were employed during this methodology stage were mainly tables, UML
Diagrams and Entity Relationship Diagrams. The design ensures that only allows
authorized users to access the systems information.

4.4.1 Data Flow Diagram

A data flow diagram is a graphical view of how data is processed in a “Crop Care” in
terms of input and output. Here we will describe the process flow of our “Crop Care”
platform.

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Software Process Models Chapter 4

Figure: 4.2. Data Flow Diagram

4.4.2 Entity Relationship Diagram

ERD stands for Entity-Relationship Diagram. It is a graphical representation of entities

and their relationships to each other in a database. ERDs are commonly used in software
development to design and visualize the structure of a database before it is implemented.
In an ERD, entities are represented as rectangles, and the relationships between them are
represented by lines. Each entity has attributes, which are represented as ovals, and each

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Software Process Models Chapter 4

relationship has cardinality, which describes the number of instances of one entity that
can be associated with another.

Figure 4.3. Entity Relationship Diagram

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Software Process Models Chapter 4

 One-to-One Relation:

o Example: Customer Profile and Address

o Explanation: In a one-to-one relationship, each customer in the online

store has a unique customer profile, and they may have one corresponding
address associated with their profile. Conversely, each address can be
linked to only one customer profile.

 One-to-Many Relation:

o Example: Product and Product Reviews

Explanation: In a one-to-many relationship, each product in the online store can

have multiple reviews associated with it. However, each review can be linked to
only one product.

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Software Process Models Chapter 4

4.4.3 UML Diagram

UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a graphical notation used in software engineering
to represent the design of software systems. UML diagrams are used to depict various
aspects of a software system, including its structure, behavior, and interactions.
There are several types of UML diagrams, including:
 Class diagrams: These diagrams represent the static structure of a system,
including classes, attributes, and methods.
 Use case diagrams: These diagrams represent the functionality of a system from the
perspective of the user.
 Sequence diagrams: These diagrams represent the dynamic behavior of a system by
showing the interactions between objects over time.
 Activity diagrams: These diagrams represent the workflow of a system by showing
the activities and actions that take place.
 State diagrams: These diagrams represent the behavior of a system by showing the
different states that objects can be in and the transitions between them.
 Component diagrams: These diagrams represent the physical components of a
system and how they interact with each other.

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Software Process Models Chapter 4

Figure 4.4. UML Use Case Diagram

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Software Process Models Chapter 4

4.5 Chapter Summary

In this chapter we have discussed the different software process models which are used in
development process. Different stages of the development process are graphically
represented. Different SDLC models are present, but we will implement waterfall model.
Later, benefits of SDLC were defined like increase in productivity, easy to understand. It
increase the system’s evaluation. Limitations of waterfall model are explained like it may
create confusion in changes in the system. Sometimes it is not possible to fulfill the
desired requirements. It increase blocking states. At the end of this chapter different
graphical representations of the system were explained like UML diagrams, Entity
Relationship Diagram, Data Flow Diagrams.

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CHAPTER 5
DATABASE
Introduction to Database Chapter 5

5.1 Introduction to Database

A database in “Crop Care” is a critical component of the application's infrastructure. It serves

as a centralized repository that stores comprehensive information related to various crop
diseases, treatment methods, and prevention strategies. A well-designed database enables the
application to manage and organize this data efficiently, providing users with accurate and
accessible information. This enhances the user experience for farmers, agricultural experts,
and others interested in crop health and management.

5.2 Selected Database

MySQL is a popular open-source relational database management system that is widely used
in various applications, including "Crop Care." It is a robust and scalable database solution
capable of handling large amounts of data, making it suitable for managing comprehensive
information on crop diseases.

MySQL serves as the backend database for "Crop Care," storing and managing all relevant
data, including details on crop diseases, symptoms, treatments, and prevention methods. It
allows for efficient storage and retrieval of data, ensuring fast response times. This is
particularly important for providing timely and accurate information to users, including
farmers and agricultural experts, who rely on the application to make informed decisions.

Some of the key features of MySQL that make it popular for online stores include:

 Scalability: MySQL is highly scalable and can easily handle the growth of “Crop
Care” as it expands.
 Performance: MySQL is optimized for performance and can quickly process
large amounts of data, providing fast response times to users.
 Security: MySQL provides robust security features, such as encryption and access
controls, to ensure that data is protected from unauthorized access.
 Availability: MySQL provides high availability features such as replication and
Fail over, which ensure that the database is always accessible to users.

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Introduction to Database Chapter 5

Overall, MySQL is a reliable and efficient database solution that can provide the
necessary support for our Crop Care data management needs.

5.2.1 Functional Requirements 5.2.2 Non-Functional Requirements

Data storage and retrieval. Performance.

Data manipulation. Reliability.

Data integrity and security. Security.

Transaction management. Usability.

Scalability and performance. Compatibility.

Integration with other applications. Maintainability.

Backup and recovery. Scalability.

Reporting and analysis. Interoperability.

5.3 Database Queries

“Crop Care” website typically involves several database queries for various purposes.
Here are some examples of commonly used database queries in “Crop Care” app built
on MySQL:

 Retrieve product information: The application needs to retrieve information about

crop diseases, including disease name, description, symptoms, and recommended
treatments, from the diseases table. This information is essential for providing users with
accurate helping them identify and manage issues effectively.

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Introduction to Database Chapter 5

SELECT disease_name, disease_description, symptoms,

treatment_recommendations
FROM diseases
WHERE disease_id = <disease_id>;
 Search products: SELECT disease_name, disease_description, symptoms,
treatment_recommendations

FROM diseases

WHERE disease_name LIKE '%<search_query>%'

OR disease_type = '<disease_type>'

OR severity_level BETWEEN <min_severity> AND <max_severity>;

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Introduction to Database Chapter 5

These are some examples of database queries that the "Crop Care" application might use in
MySQL. Depending on the specific requirements of the application, there may be additional
queries for managing user accounts, tracking disease reports, and suggestions for disease
management.
5.4 Database Tables

In "Crop Care," several database tables are commonly used to store and manage various
aspects of the application's functionality. Here are some typical examples of database tables
you might find in "Crop Care":
 Users :
This table stores information about the application's registered users, including their
names, email addresses, hashed passwords (for security), and any other relevant details
such as their roles (e.g., farmer, agricultural expert)..
 Disease:
This table contains information about various crop diseases. It includes details such as
disease names, descriptions, symptoms, recommended treatments, severity levels, and
affected crops.
 Recommendations:
This table could store expert recommendations for managing crop diseases, including prevention
strategies and treatment methods

These are just a few examples, and the specific tables used in "Crop Care" can vary depending on the
application's requirements and functionality. The tables mentioned above provide a foundation for
managing essential aspects of "Crop Care's" operations, including storing detailed information about
crop diseases, user data, and recommendations. Additional tables and fields can be designed to
accommodate other features and data as needed, ensuring the application meets the needs of its users
effectively.

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Introduction to Database Chapter 5

5.5 Database Schema Diagram

Figure 5.1. Database Schema Diagram

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Introduction to Database Chapter 5

5.6 Chapter Summary

This chapter introduces the selection of MySQL as the database for "Crop Care," chosen for its ability
to meet both functional and non-functional requirements like data storage, retrieval, integrity, security,
compatibility, maintainability, scalability, and interoperability. It details the database queries used,
including inserting, updating, and retrieving data on crop diseases and user profiles. The chapter also
explains the organization of data into tables, which structure and manage information efficiently,
ensuring easy access and usefulness for users.

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CHAPTER 6
DEVELOPMENT
Development Chapter 6

6.1Development of Computer Program

The development of a computer program typically involves several stages, including

planning, designing, coding, testing, and deployment. Here's a high-level overview of the
process:

 Planning
 Design
 Coding
 Testing
 Debugging and Refinement
 Documentation
 Deployment
 Maintenance

It's worth mentioning that the development process can vary depending on the project
size, complexity, and the development methodology followed (e.g., waterfall, agile, etc.).
Additionally, collaboration and version control systems are often used to facilitate
teamwork and manage code changes throughout the development lifecycle.

6.2 Implementation Strategy

The implementation strategy for a computer program depends on various factors such as
the project scope, resources available, timeline, and the specific requirements of the
program. Here are some common implementation strategies:

 Waterfall
 Agile
 Prototyping
 Component-based development
 Open-source or third-party components
 Continuous integration and deployment

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Development Chapter 6

 Parallel development

6.3Tools Selection

6.3.1 Hardware
SL Hardware Description
01 Processor 2.4 GHz Processor speed
02 Memory 4 GB RAM
03 Disk Space 500

6.3.2 Software
Software Description
SL
01 Operating System Microsoft Windows 11
02 SQLite Local host
03 IDE Android Studio

6.4 Coding

 Dart

6.5 User interface

6.5.1 Description

The "Crop Care" application features a user-friendly and intuitive interface designed to
enhance the experience of users seeking information about crop diseases. Upon entering the
application, users are greeted with a clean and visually appealing homepage showcasing the
most common or critical crop diseases and any current updates or recommendations. A
prominent search bar at the top enables users to quickly find specific crop diseases or related
information. The navigation menu provides easy access to different categories such as disease
types, affected crops, and prevention methods, ensuring effortless browsing. Each

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Development Chapter 6

disease listing is accompanied by clear images, detailed descriptions, and suggested treatments
to aid in informed decision-making. The application also includes a user profile section, where
users can manage their personal information and track their search history or reports. A
feedback or suggestions icon allows users to provide input or request additional information.
The overall design of "Crop Care" balances visual appeal with functional efficiency, offering a
seamless and informative experience for users looking to manage and understand crop
diseases effectively.

6.5.2 Home Page

Figure: 6.1. Home Page

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Chapter 6 Development

6.5.3 Sign In

Figure: 6.2. Sign In

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Chapter 6 Development

6.5.4 Symptoms & Solutions

Figure: 6.3. Symptoms & Solutions

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Chapter 6 Development

6.5.5-Disease Description

Figure: 6.4. Disease Description

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Chapter 6 Development

6.6 Program Deployment

Here are the simplified steps for deploying a program in Crop Care:
 Select a hosting platform: Choose a hosting platform that aligns with your
programming language and technology stack, such as AWS, Azure, or Google
Cloud Platform.
 Prepare your program: Ensure that your program is ready for deployment by
optimizing code, setting up dependencies, and organizing any required files or
databases.
 Provision a server or compute instance: Set up a server or compute instance on
your chosen hosting platform, such as a virtual machine or container.
 Deploy your program: Transfer your program files to the server and configure it
to run, utilizing deployment tools or version control systems for easy updates.
 Implement security measures: Set up firewalls, SSL certificates, and access
controls to protect your program and customer data.

 Test and monitor: Perform thorough testing to ensure proper functionality and
set up monitoring tools to track performance, detect errors, and monitor user
activity.

These steps provide a condensed overview of the process, but please keep in mind
that the actual deployment process may involve additional details and considerations
based on your specific requirements and the hosting platform you choose.

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Chapter 6 Development

6.7 Chapter Summary

In this chapter we have discussed the different steps of developing a program like,
planning, designing, coding, testing, maintenance, deployment, debugging etc. After that
we have discussed the implementation strategies that how different software models
helps us to implement this program. Different models are used in implementing this
program, these models are waterfall, spiral, agile etc.
Later, we describe that different hardware are necessary for this program implementation.
As we also describe what kind of software necessary in development of the program. We
also discuss different languages are used in development of this program like Flutter,
Dart We also paste snapshots of interfaces of app, also discuss the steps of program
deployment.

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CHAPTER 7
TESTING
Testing Chapter 7

7.1Testing
Testing is the process of evaluating a software application, system, or component to
verify its behavior and ensure that it meets specified requirements. It involves executing
tests, comparing expected and actual results, and identifying any defects or deviations
from expected behavior. The purpose of testing is to uncover errors, improve software
quality, and provide confidence in the reliability and functionality of the software.

7.2 Introduction

Software testing is a critical aspect of software development that ensures the quality and
reliability of a software application. By systematically evaluating the application's
behavior, identifying defects, and validating its performance against requirements, testing
helps deliver a high-quality product to end-users. Through various testing techniques and
methodologies, software testers strive to enhance the software's functionality, usability,
security, and performance, ultimately contributing to customer satisfaction and the
success of the software project.

7.3 Testing Methods

In Crop Care, various testing methods can be employed to ensure the quality and
reliability of the system. Here are some common testing methods used in Crop Care:
 Functional Testing

 Usability Testing

 Performance Testing

 Security Testing

 Compatibility Testing

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Testing Chapter 7

7.4 Comparison

Functional testing verifies the correctness of specific functionalities within the "Crop Care"
application, ensuring they work as intended and meet the defined requirements. This
includes checking the accuracy of disease information retrieval, search functionality, and
user profile management. Usability testing focuses on evaluating the user experience,
including the ease of navigation, the clarity of the layout, and the responsiveness of the
application. This testing aims to enhance user-friendliness by ensuring that users can easily
find and understand the information they need about crop diseases.

Functional testing validates that the application's features perform correctly, while usability
testing assesses how effectively users interact with the application, aiming to create a
satisfying and intuitive experience. Both testing methods are crucial for ensuring that "Crop
Care" delivers a high-quality, user-centric experience.

7.5 Software Evaluation

Software evaluation involves assessing the suitability and effectiveness of the "Crop Care"
application for its intended purpose. This evaluation considers several factors, including
functionality, performance, usability, security, scalability, and compatibility.

The evaluation process includes analyzing the application's requirements, testing its features,
and gathering feedback from users and stakeholders. This helps in making informed decisions
about the application's adoption by considering how well it meets the needs of users, the
alignment with the goals of managing crop diseases, and the overall user experience.

7.5.1 Testing Strategies

A testing strategy is a high-level plan that outlines the approach, objectives, and scope of
testing activities for a software project. It defines the overall testing goals, test levels,
techniques, and resources required. The strategy considers factors like project timelines,
budget, risk assessment, and stakeholder expectations. It helps prioritize testing efforts,
determine the appropriate test environments, and allocate resources effectively.

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Testing Chapter 7

The strategy also outlines how defects will be tracked, reported, and resolved. A well-
defined testing strategy ensures a systematic and comprehensive approach to testing,
leading to higher software quality and successful project outcomes.

7.5.2 Test Plans

 Functional Testing Test Plan: This plan includes test cases to verify the
functionality of key features such as disease information retrieval, search
functionality, user profile management, and feedback submission. Each test case
ensures that these features work as intended and meet the specified requirements.
 Usability Testing Test Plan: This plan outlines tasks and criteria for assessing
the user-friendliness of the "Crop Care" application. It involves evaluating the
navigation, layout, responsiveness, and overall user experience to enhance
usability and ensure user satisfaction.
 Performance Testing Test Plan: This plan defines performance benchmarks,
workload scenarios, and metrics to test the "Crop Care" application's
responsiveness, scalability, and resource utilization under expected traffic loads,
ensuring optimal performance.
 Security Testing Test Plan: This plan covers testing methods and techniques to
assess the "Crop Care" application's security measures, including vulnerability
scanning, penetration testing, and authentication testing, to identify and address
potential security risks and protect user data.
7.5.3 Test Class: In the context of the "Crop Care" application, a test class refers to a
group of test cases or scenarios focused on testing specific functionalities or
components of the software system. These test classes are designed to validate the
behavior, performance, and correctness of key features within the application.

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Testing Chapter 7

7.5.4 Test Report

A test report in the context of the "Crop Care" application summarizes the results and findings
of the testing process. It provides valuable information to stakeholders about the application's
quality and readiness for deployment. The report typically includes details such as the testing
objectives, scope, test cases executed, and their outcomes (pass/fail).

The report highlights any defects or issues identified during testing, along with their severity
and priority. It may also include performance metrics, usability feedback, and
recommendations for further improvements.

7.6 Chapter Summary

This chapter covers the deployment and quality assurance of the "Crop Care" application. It details the
deployment process, including hosting platform selection, server configuration, security
implementation, and ongoing monitoring. The chapter also emphasizes the importance of software
evaluation, focusing on functionality, performance, usability, security, and scalability. Additionally, it
highlights the role of test plans in organizing testing activities and the significance of test reports in
providing insights for stakeholders, ensuring the application's readiness and guiding improvements
before deployment.

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CHAPTER 8

RESULTS
Results Chapter 8

8.1 Results
The results of the "Crop Care" application can be evaluated based on several key aspects.
Firstly, functionality is critical to ensure that core features such as disease information
retrieval, search functionality, and user profile management operate smoothly without any
critical issues, providing accurate and reliable information to users. User experience is equally
important, as a user-friendly interface, easy navigation, and responsive design contribute
significantly to user satisfaction and effectiveness. User engagement metrics, such as the
number of users, frequency of use, and time spent on the application, indicate its success in
meeting user needs. Performance, including loading speed and responsiveness, directly affects
user experience, with slow or unresponsive features potentially leading to frustration and
reduced usage. Security is paramount to protect user data and maintain trust, ensuring the
application is secure from vulnerabilities. Additionally, gathering and analyzing user feedback
provides valuable insights into areas for improvement, whether in functionality or usability.
Finally, assessing how well the application aligns with its core objectives, such as providing
comprehensive information on crop diseases and assisting users in managing their crops
effectively, helps gauge its overall impact and contribution to its mission. Regular monitoring,
analysis, and optimization based on these results are essential to enhance the "Crop Care"
8.2Evaluation

When evaluating Crop Care, several factors come into play:

 User Experience: Assess the "Crop Care" application's design, navigation, and
responsiveness to ensure a seamless and intuitive browsing experience for users.
The goal is to provide an enjoyable and efficient user experience, making it easy
for users to find and interact with the information they need about crop diseases.
 Product Offering: Evaluate the range, quality, and relevance of information
provided by the "Crop Care" application to meet user demands and preferences.
This includes assessing how comprehensively the application covers different
crop diseases, the accuracy and reliability of the disease descriptions, and the
relevance of the information to users' needs.

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Results Chapter 8

Security and Privacy:

Ensure the "Crop Care" application employs secure protocols, safeguards user data, and
provides secure options for managing personal information to build trust and protect sensitive
data. This includes implementing measures such as encryption for data transmission, secure
authentication methods, and regular security updates to prevent unauthorized access and
breaches. The goal is to maintain user confidence by ensuring that their personal and
interaction data is protected and handled with the utmost security.

8.3Conclusions and Further Work

In conclusion, evaluating the "Crop Care" application is crucial for assessing its performance,
user experience, content accuracy, and overall effectiveness. By thoroughly analyzing factors
such as design, functionality, engagement metrics, user feedback, and security, valuable
insights can be gained to drive improvements and optimize the application's performance.

Further work should focus on implementing actionable steps based on the evaluation results.
This may involve optimizing the application's design and user interface for better usability,
expanding the range of diseases covered based on user needs, refining search and content
delivery strategies, enhancing security measures to protect user data, and addressing any
identified areas for improvement.

Continuous monitoring and analysis of key performance indicators, user feedback, and
industry trends will provide ongoing insights for future enhancements. The goal is to ensure
that the "Crop Care" application continues to meet user expectations, delivers a high-quality
experience, and supports effective crop management, ultimately contributing to its long-term
success and impact.

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References

[1] https://www.kissanghar.pk/

[2] https://agrogroup.com.pk/companies/agro-craft-pvt-ltd/

[3] https://dai.agripunjab.gov.pk/

[4] https://docs.flutter.dev/testing/overview#:~:text=The%20more
%20features%20your%20app,test%20a%20Flutter%20app
%20codelab.

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