HANDOUT – SPECIAL PASSIVES

CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG

TENSES ACTIVE PASSIVE

1. The simple present S + V (-s /es) S + am/ is/ are + Vpp
2. The present continuous S + am/ is/ are + V-ing S + am/ is/ are/ + being + Vpp
3. The present perfect S + have/ has + Vpp S + have/ has + been + Vpp
4. The present perfect S + have/ has + been + S + have/ has + been + being
continuous V-ing + Vpp
5. The simple past S + V2/ V-ed S + was/ were + Vpp
6. The past continuous S + was/ were + V- ing S + was/ were + being + Vpp
7. The past perfect S + had + Vpp S + had + been + Vpp
8. The past perfect
S + had + been + V-ing S + had + been + being + Vpp
continuous
9. The simple future S + will/ shall + V S + will/ shall + be + Vpp
10. The simple S + will/ shall + be + S + will/ shall + be + being +
continuous V-ing Vpp
11. The simple future S + will/ shall + have + S + will/ shall + have + been
perfect Vpp + Vpp
12. The near future S+ be going to + V S + be going to + be + Vpp
13. Model Verbs S + Modal + V-bareInf S + Modal + be + Vpp
Lưu ý: Trong câu chủ động nếu có trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian và trạng ngữ chỉ nơi chốn khi chuyển sang câu bị động
sẽ có dạng: trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn + by + trạng từ chỉ thời gian
Ex: Hoa is making a cake in the kitchen now.
 A cake is being made in the kitchen by Hoa now.
CÁC DẠNG BỊ ĐỘNG ĐẶC BIỆT
I. Câu bị động khách quan (the imperative Passive)
Câu bị động khách quan có cấu trúc bắt đầu bằng "It"... và thường được dùng để diễn tả ý kiến của người khác. Chúng ta
thường thấy câu bị động khách quan trong các bản tin hay văn trần thuật.
- Câu bị động khách quan thường chứa các động từ tường thuật như: say (nói), think (nghĩ), believe (tin), know (biết), hope
(hi vọng), expect (kì vọng), report (báo cáo), understand (hiểu), claim (nhận định, cho là), v.v.
Chủ ngữ: thường là những từ như: PEOPLE, THEY, SOMEONE…
– Chủ động: S1 + V1 + that + S2 + V2 + O + …..
* Những động từ tường thuật (Reporting Verbs = V1) thường gặp:
think consider know believe say suppose suspect rumour declare
* Đối với loại câu này, S thường là People/They …và thường được dịch là “Người ta ….”
It + be + VpII + that + S + V
(Người ta nói / nghĩ / tin….rằng)
It is said that he lives abroad.
(Người ta nói rằng anh ấy sống ở nước ngoài)
* Động từ trong clause để ở thì hiện tại đơn hoặc tiếp diễn
People/ they + say/ think/ believe/estimate... + (that) + S + V + O
=> It + be + said/thought/believed/estimated that + S + V + O
=>S + be + said/thought/believed/estimated + to + V(inf)
People say that he is intelligent. –>It is said that he is intelligent.
Or: He is said to be intelligent.
They think that she is living in London –> It is thought that she is living in Lodon.
Or: She is thought to be living in London.
Mở rộng: * Động từ trong clause để ở các thì Quá khứ hoặc HTHT.
S1 + V + that + S2 + V(past tenses/present perfect) + O + ….
HANDOUT – SPECIAL PASSIVES
-> It is + PP.2 của V1 + that + S2 + V-ed + O + …..
-> S + be + thought/ said/ supposed... + to + have + P2.
VD: People think he stole my car. -> It is thought that he stole my car.
-> He is thought to have stolen my car.
Tuy nhiên, nếu động từ ở mệnh đề chính và động từ tường thuật (vế 1) đều cùng ở thì quá khứ đơn thì phải sử dụng cách số 1
(To Verb)
Villagers thought that he broke into her house.
–> It was thought that he broke into her house.
–> He was thought to break into her house.
II. Bị động với các động từ truyền khiến/nhờ vả "make", "let", "have", "get"
* HAVE: Have sb do st -> have st done (by sb): Nhờ ai đó làm gì
- I have the hairdresser cut my hair every month.
-> I have my hair cut by the hairdresser every month.
*MAKE: Make sb do st -> Make st done (by sb)-> sb be made to do: bắt ai đó làm gì
- I made my son clean the floor.
-> I made the floor cleaned by my son.
My son was made to clean the floor.
* LET: Let sb do st -> let st done (by sb)-> sb be allowed to do: cho phép, để cho ai đó làm gì
My father let me cook the dinner yesterday.
-> My father let the dinner cooked by me yesterday.
* GET: Get sb to do st -> get st done (by sb): Nhờ ai đó làm gì
- She got her father turn on the TV.
-> She got the TV turned on by her father.
III. Bị động với 2 tân ngữ (tân ngữ trực tiếp và tân ngữ gián tiếp)
Vd: - She gave me a book
(1) => I was given a book (by her)
(2) => A book was given to me (by her)
CÔNG THỨC TỔNG QUÁT:
S + V + SB + STH / S + V + STH + TO/ FOR +SB
(1) => SB + BE (chia theo thì) + Vp2 + STH + BY + O
(2) => STH + BE (chia theo thì) + VP2 + TO/ FOR + SB + BY + O
(dùng TO phổ biến hơn. Có thể có FROM như từ BORROW)
He often offers me a cigarette.
(1) => I am often offered a cigarette. (by him)
(2) => A cigarette is often offered to me (by him)

EXERCISE
I. Multiple chocies
1. The longest fish in the contest was eighteen inches long".
"It_____ by Thelma Rivers".
a. was catching b. caught c. was caught d. catch
2. "I heard you decided to take up tennis".
"Yes, I have_____ every day".
a. been played b. been playing c. playing d. play
3. "Are we about to have dinner?".
"Yes, it _____ in the dinning room".
a. is serving b. serves c. is being served d. served
4. "Why is Stanley in jail?" "He_____ of robbery".
a. has been convicted b. has been convicting
c. has convicted d. convicted
5. "Where are Jack and Jan?" "They_____ the boxes you asked for into the house".
a. have been bringing b. bringing c. have been brought d. to bring
6. "Where's the old chicken coop?"
"It_____ by a windstorm last year".
a. destroy b. is destroyed c. was destroyed d. destroyed
7. "We're still looking for Thomas".
"Hasn't he_____ yet?".
a. been found b. to find c. found d. being found
8. "Whatever happened t that fortune - teller?"
"I don't know. She _____ around her in a long time".
a. hasn't seen b. didn't see c. hasn't been seeing d. hasn't been seen
9. "Diana is a wonderful ballet dancer".
"She_____ since she was four".
a. has been dancing b. has been danced c. is dancing d. was danced
10. "What a beautiful dress you're wearing!"
"Thank you. It_____ especially for me by a French tailor".
HANDOUT – SPECIAL PASSIVES
a. is made b. has made c. made d. was made
11. "Those eggs of different colors are very artistic".
"Yes, they_____ in Russia".
a. were painted b. were paint c. were painting d. painted
12. "Homer is in jail for smoking marijuana". "He_____ that it was against the law".
a. is telling b. was told c. old d. tells
13. "The maintenance people didn't remove the chairs from the ballroom".
"Don't worry. They _____ them before the dance begins".
a. will have been moved b. will have moved c. were moved d. moved
14. Gold_____ in California in the nineteenth century.
a. was discovered b. has been discovered c. was discover d. they discovered
15. _____ that military spending is extremely high.
a. We are felt b. It feels c. It is felt d. We feel that it is
16. All planes_____ before departure.
a. will checked b. will has checked c. will be checked d. will been checked
17. I wanted_____ by the head of the company, but it was impossible.
a. to see b. to be seen c. seeing d. being to see
18. Katherine_____ at Bob's house every night this week.
a. has been eaten b. has eating c. is being eating d. has been eating
19. "Where did you get these old dresses?". "We_____ them in the old trunk".
a. were found b. finding c. found d. have been found
20. "What happened to the old mail carrier?" "He_____ to a new neighborhood to work".
a. has sent b. was send c. was sent d. sent
II. Change the following active sentences into passive sentences:
1. My father waters this flower every morning.
→ ……………………………………………………………………………….
THIS IS WATER BY...
2. John inveted Fiona to his birthday last night.
→ ……………………………………………………………………………….
FIONA WAS INVITED TO JOHN BIRTHDY
3. Her mother is preparing the dinner in the kitchen.
THE DINNER IS BEING PREPARED IN THE KITCHEN BY HER MUM
→ ……………………………………………………………………………….
4. Did Mary buy this beautiful dress ?
WAS THIS BEAUTIFUL DRESS BOUGHT BY
→ ……………………………………………………………………………….
5. I won’t hang these old pictures in the living room.
→ ……………………………………………………………………………….
WONT BE HUNG IN THE ....
6. The Greens are going to paint this house and these cars for Christmas Day.
→ ………………………………………………………………………………
7. Ann had fed the cats before she went to the cinema.
→ ………………………………………………………………………………
8. Have the thieves stolen the most valuable painting in the national museum ?
→ ……………………………………………………………………………….
9. Some people will interview the new president on TV.
→ ………………………………………………………………………………..
10. How many languages do they speak in Canada ?
→ ………………………………………………………………………………..
11. Are you going to repair those shoes ?
→ ………………………………………………………………………………..
III. Change the sentences into Active
1. This question was often put to me but it was never answered by me
→ ………………………………………………………………………………..
they often put this question to me but i never answered it.
2. It was decided that their marriage would be organized in December
→ ………………………………………………………………………………..
3. I had been given a card to the club and in the afternoon it was used by me to go there to play bridge
→ ………………………………………………………………………………..
they/someone had given me a card to..I used it to....
4. You will be given new instructions before you leave.
→ ………………………………………………………………………………..
new instructions will be given to you/
5. It was believed that the fire was caused by a short circuit in the lift machinery
→ ………………………………………………………………………………..
6. I was lent the book by my friend
→ ………………………………………………………………………………..
7. They had been caught by the war in Australia
→ ………………………………………………………………………………..
8. A new block of flats is being built down the street
→ ………………………………………………………………………………..
9. He had to be operated on
→ ………………………………………………………………………………..
10. My collection of stamps has been stolen
HANDOUT – SPECIAL PASSIVES
→ ………………………………………………………………………………..
11. Lessons should be made more interesting
→ ………………………………………………………………………………..
IV. Rewrite the following sentences without changing their meaning.
1. People know that cars pollute the environment.
It_________________________________________________________________
Cars are known to pollute the environment
2. People believe that the robber has worked in the bank.
It_________________________________________________________________
The robber _________________________________________________________________________________________
is believed to have worked in the bank
3. Many people believe that she is an honest person.
It_________________________________________________________________
She is believed to be an honest person
4. They think that the president will arrive soon.
It_________________________________________________________________
is thought to arrive soon
The president _______________________________________________________________________________________
5. It is reported that many passengers died in the crash.
People _____________________________________________________________________________________________
Many passengers ____________________________________________________________________________________
are reported to have died in the crash
6. It is proved that life doesn’t exist on the moon.
Scientists___________________________________________________________
Life is proved not to exist on the moon.
7. They say that he has passed the final exam with the best result.
It_________________________________________________________________
He is said to have passed ....
8. He is said to have been in the army.
People say THAT HE WAS IN THE ARMY
9. It is believed that the man escaped in a stolen car.
People _______________________________________________________________
BELIEVE THAT....
The man_______________________________________________________________
IS BELIEVED TO ESCAPE/HAVE ESCAPED IN A STOLE CAR.
10. People say that he has been all over the world.
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
HE IS SAID TO HAVE BEEN ALL OVER...
11. It is said that the man is 108 years old.
The man________________________________________________________________
IS SAID TO BE 108
_______________________________________________________________________
12. They thought that Nha had had her photos taken.
It____________________________________________________________
Nha_______________________________________________________
WAS THOUGHT TO HAVE HAD HER PHOTOS TAKEN.
V. Form the verbs in brackets.
1. Toshico had her car (repair) .............. by a mechanic.
2. Ellen got Marvin (type) ..................her paper.
3. We got our house (paint) .................. last week.
4. Dr Byrd is having the students (write ) ................... a composition.
5. Mark got his transcripts (send)................... to the university.
6. Maria is having her hair (cut) ......................... tomorrow.
7. Will Mr. Brown have the porter (carry)...........................his luggage to his car?
VI. Change the sentences into Passive
1. I had my nephew paint the gate last week.
2. She will have Peter wash her car tomorrow.
3. They have her tell the story again.
4. John gets his sister to clean his shirt.
5. Anne had had a friend type her composition.
6. Rick will have a barber cut his hair.
7. I will get the dressmaker to make a new dress.
8. He had a mechanic repair his car.
9. She often gets the technician to maintain the heater.
10. They had the police arrest the shoplifter.
11. Are you going to have the shoemaker repair your shoes?
12. I must have the dentist check my teeth.
13. She will have a veterinary surgeon examine her dog.
14. We had a man take this photograph when we were on holiday last summer.
15. The Greens had a carpet cleaner clean their carpet.