SCHOOL Bolila National High School GRADE LEVEL 12

TEACHER Red Heart M. Bangalao LEARNING AREA PYSICAL SCIENCE

TEACHING DATES AND December 11, 2023 QUARTER 2nd SEMESTER

TIME 7:45-9:45 am

I: OBJECTIVES 1. Define what is special theory of relativity

2. Identify the consequences of the postulates of the special theory or relativity of simultaneity
such as length contraction, time dilation, mass-energy equivalence, and cosmic speed limit; and
3. Solve problems involving length contraction, time dilation and mass-energy equivalence.
A. CONTENT STANDARD Relativity and the Big Bang
B. PERFOORMANCE STANDARD Create a video presentation that details the impact of the Theory of Relativity to human
C. LEARNING COOMPETENCIES Explain the consequences of the postulate of special Relativity (e.g. relativity of simultaneity, time
dilation, length contraction, mass-energy equivalence, and cosmic speed limit)

(LC CODE) S 11/12 PS-IVi-70

II: CONTENT The consequences of the postulates of Special Relativity Theory
III: LEARNING RESOURCES
A. Reference
1. Teacher’s Guide Page
2. Learner’s Material Page
3. Textbooks Page
4. Additional material from
learning resources (LR)
portal
B. OTHER LEARNING RESOURCES IM’s, ACTIVITY SHEETS
IV: PROCEDURES
A. Reviewing previous lesson or ELICIT
presenting the new lesson I will call one leaner to recall our previous topic.

What was our last topic that we discussed?

B. Establishing a purpose for the Direction: read and analyze the questions carefully and choose the BEST answer from among the
lesson given choices. Write your answer in a 1\4 sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following concludes that the laws of physics hold true in frames of reference
moving at a uniform speed?
a. Theory of general relativity
b. Theory of special relativity
c. Law of universal gravitation
2. Which of the following statement (s) about light hold (s) TRUE in accordance with Einstein’s
theory of special relativity?
a. The measured speed of light is dependent upon the source.
b. The measured speed of light is dependent upon the speed of the observer.
c. The speed of light varies depending upon the speed of source and observer.
d. The speed of light is always the same regardless of the speed of the source of the observer.
3. Can two persons view “one event happening simultaneously” in a different way?
a. No. Both of them will observe the event happening simultaneously regardless of their frame
of reference.
b. No. They have to be in the same frame of reference in order for his to happen.
c. Yes. If they are located in different frames of reference relative to one another.
d. Yes. If they are locked in different frames of reference relative to one another
4. Suppose a spaceship has been discovered to travel at 90% the speed of light and was sent
on a space mission for 10 (Earth) years. How would you compare the age of the astronaut to
his twin brother here on Earth when he returns?
5. A spaceship rocket has a length of 10 meter on Earth. Suppose it travels 0.5c and its length
is measured by an observer here on Earth. What would expect the observer to report about
its length?
a. Shorter than 10 meters
b. 10 meters
c. Longer than 10 meters
d. 20 meters

C. Presenting examples\ instances ENGAGE (Cooperative Learning)

of the new lesson
- Who is telling the TRUTH?
Direction: read and analyze the situation below and answer the questions that follow.

Two men, A & C are observing a passenger (B) seated at a bus travelling at constant speed.
A is seated next to the passenger while C is standing across the road observing the bus pass by. A
reported that the passenger is motionless while C reported that the passenger is moving at a certain
speed. Who is correct? Why do you say so?

D. Discussing new concepts and EXPLORE

practicing new skill #1 Direction: Analysed the situation below and answer the questions that follow.
I will group you into 5 groups.

Imagine that you once again have an observer, OE standing on a railway embankment as a
train goes roaring by. Meanwhile, another observer, OT on the train is sitting at its exact
midpoint. Each end of the train is struck by bolt off lightning just as the train’s midpoint is
passing.
How would observer OE perceive the event? What about OT?

E. Discussing new concepts and Analysis (explain)

practicing new skill #2 - Each group will present their outputs to the class and explain their answers.

F. Developing mastery LECTURE

Einstein’s special theory of relativity has been very revolutionary because it changed the
contemporary notion of space and time. The first one is there is NO “absolute” frame of reference.
Every time you measure an object velocity, or its momentum, or how it experiences time, it’s always
in relation to something else. It means that the way we look at events or phenomena will always be
relative to one another. We can look at the same thing but could see different thing. This led him to
the first postulate, the consistent law principle.

1. The law of Physics are the same in all inertial frames of reference moving with constant
velocity relative to one another. The law of physics don’t change, even for objects moving in
inertial frames of reference.

The second postulate is about the constancy of the speed of light.

2. The speed of light is the same in all inertial frames of reference. The speed of light is the
same for all observer, regardless of their motion relative to the light source.

Ponding upon these thought experiments had led Einstein to the following
consequences of the postulates of special relativity:

1. Length Contraction: the object’s length shortens while moving

To an observer on the spaceship, nothing changes. He would see the actual length f the
spaceship. To an observer on earth, he would see shorter spaceship. As the spaceship travels faster,
the apparent length becomes even shorter. This given by the equation below.
Where: I’ – length measured by observer in the moving frame of reference
I – length measured by the observer in the stationary frame of reference
v – speed of light
c – speed of light

PROBLEM SOLVING 1
Suppose an astronaut, travels at 0.8c. The astronaut travels from Earth to the nearest star
system, Alpha Centauri, 4.300 light years (light year us the distance travelled by light in year) away
as measured by an earthbound observer. How far apart are Earth and Alpha Centauri as measured
by the astronaut?

Length in moving frame of reference (unknown)

Length measured in a rest frame of reference (Earth)
4.300 light years
0.8c
2. Time Dilation: clock’s run slowly while moving.

Time would also be relative to the inertial frame of reference of the observer. As shown in the
figure, the clock in the spaceship traveling at high speed would run slower, thus registering shorter
time compared to an observer on the Earth. This is the concept of time dilation. This is given by the
equation below:

Where: t’ – time measured by observer in the moving frame of reference

t – time measured by the observer in the stationary frame of reference
v – speed of the object
c – speed of light

PROBLEM SOLVING 2
Suppose an astronaut, travels at 0.5c. After 10 years (Earth time), he returns. How much
time has passed by from the astronaut’s frame of reference?
3. Mass-energy Equivalence: the mass of the object increases while moving
5. Finding practical applications “when you sit with a nice girl for two hours you think it’s only one minute, but when you
of concepts and skills in daily sit on a hot stove for a minute you think it’s two hours. That’s relativity.”
living
6. Making generalization and I will call some learners to answer the questions below:
abstractions about the lesson
1. How many consequences of the postulates of special relativity?
There are 4 consequences of the postulates of special relativity:
LENGTH CONTRACTION, TIME DILATION, MASS-ENERGY, AND COSMIC SPEED LIMIT.
2. What is length contraction?
the object’s length shortens while moving
3. What is time dilation?
clock’s run slowly while moving.
4. What is mass-energy equivalence?
the mass of the object increases while moving
5. What is cosmic speed limit?
nothing can go faster than the speed of light.

7. Evaluating learning - learners will answer the quiz.

Direction: identify what is asked or described in each item then write the letter of the correct
answer in 1\2 sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following statements is NOT in accordance with Einstein’s theory of special
relativity?
a. In an inertial frame of reference moving at constant speed, the laws of physics are valid.
b. The speed of light has a constant value regardless of the speed of the source and the
observer.
c. The simultaneity of two events is relative to the inertial frame of reference of the observers.
d. Light is faster for observers moving toward its source.
2. What happens to the mass of an object as it moves at relativistic speed?
a. Increase
b. Decrease
c. Stays the same
d. Increase twice

3. For two persons to view a “simultaneous” event the same, they should be ________?
a. Traveling at the same speed
b. Traveling at same speed of light
c. Located in the same inertial frame of reference
d. Located in different frames of reference

4. What are expected from astronauts being sent by NASA to space missions?
a. They age slower
b. They age as that of their age in Earth
c. They age faster
d. They age twice as fast as that of their age in Earth

5. A spaceship is moving at 0.5 times the speed of light relative to Earth. If the spaceship gas
length of 10 meters, how will it appear as observed from the Earth?
a. 8.66 meters
b. 7.50 meters
c. 5.00 meters
d. 7.07 meters

8. Additional activities for EXTEND (assignment)

application or remediation
V: Remarks
VI: Reflection
B. No. Of learners who require
additional activities for
remediation
C. Did the remedial lesson work?
No. Of learners who have caught
up with the lesson
D. No. Of learners who continue to
require remediation
E. Which of my teaching strategies
work well? Why did these works?
F. What difficulties did I encounter
which my principal or supervisor
can help me solve?
G. What innovation or localized
materials did I use\ discover which
I wish to share with other
teachers?

Prepared by:
RED HEART M. BANGALAO
Practice Student Teacher
Approved:
MARIA FELEZ B. MATIGNAO, MS
Cooperating Teacher