Physic assignment

Claim: In the Star Wars film series, the ultra-relativistic motion of the “Hyperdrive” appears to
violate relativity as no-one ages differently from normal

Rationale:
In the “Star Wars” film the above claim is broken and aspects of it clarified for further research to be
conducted. First aspect in the "Star Wars" universe, when spaceships travel at light speed. There is a
fascinating concept called "hyperdrive”. Hyperdrive is allows for rapid interstellar travel and convenient.

Second aspect, according to special relativity of Einstein theory, “ultra-relativistic motion “. In physic theory
an ultra-relativistic motion means an object that moving speed almost the same of speed of light(c).
(Vicky Stein. (2022).

Third aspect “Hyperdrive” in “Star Wars “film have an extra-dimensional space that allows ships to move
across the galaxy faster than what would be possible in regular space which means it need to travel at or near
speed of light. However, travelling in the hyperdrive it has a risk. (Johnson, P. (2017).An object that travel
with the light speed the energy will becomes infinite and slow down. According to relativity, the faster
you move, the more energy you will create. When compared to someone who is stationary, the energy
will be zero. However, The relationship between energy, speed, and time is a crucial aspect of Einstein's
theory of special relativity. This theory is that time is not absolute but is relative and can be affected by
the relative motion of objects. This called Tme dillation. Vicky Stein .(2022).
For an example of Twin paradox expirement, in the theory of relativity. Which illustrates the concept of
time dilation.relativity thought experiment. Consider a set of twin brothers, the elder brother travels to
the stars almost as quick as the speed of light, while the younger brother stay on Earth. Relativity theory
states that time moves more slowly in space than it does on Earth and due to their high speed during
the journey, they experienced time dilation, and their "clock" effectively slowed down. On the other
hand, the twin who stayed on Earth experienced time at a regular rate.As a result, the younger sibling
will be older than the elder brother when he returns to Earth.(Perkowitz, 2015).

Research question:

To prove the Einstein's theory of special relativity. Kinetic energy, velocity and time is relavant.by using
the graph from UNSW. (2020).

Figure 1: The relationship between energy and velocity

1 2
Kinetic energy formula K= mv is, relevant to the E=mc2 because both are relate to the concept of
2
energy.

In Einstein theory of special relativity he had derived the mass-energy equation as:

2
E=mc

From observing the is graph This graph demonstrate the velocity along the x-axis (horizontal) and the
energy along the y-axis (vertical). It represented that faster the object moves, the more energy is
required to reach that speed. As I said in the faster the object travels, the more energy is required to
reach that speed. (yewchuk, 2022) Moreover, A vertical asymptote is a vertical line that approaches, but
it never will touches, It is because its value must be infinite to reach it. (UNSW, 2020)
The graph also demonstrates that because the speed of light, c, is a constant, any item wishing to travel
at the speed of light must have an energy that equal to that object's (c) squared. Since only mass can
change the value of energy, it follows that infinite energy is required to move anything at the speed of
light. However, even a little mass multiplied by the square of the speed of light yields a significant
amount of energy. (UNSW. (2020)

Time dilation
Nothing ever stays the same in space. Both matter and energy have the capacity to bend it.
High-speed particles and atomic clocks aboard satellites have been used in several studies to
demonstrate Einstein's theory of relativity. Even while it may initially appear a little bit mind-bending,
time dilation is crucial for our comprehension of the cosmos and how it functions. (KAI G.2016)

Time slows down for someone moving at or close to the speed of light, which is one of special relativity's
most well-known consequences. In this case, a human moving near the speed of light would age more
slowly. Time dilation is these phenomena. (Newsweek. (2018.)

For an example, two mirrors A and B that are bouncing a light pulse between them form a simple vertical
clock. The clock moves by one second for each time the light pulse hits mirror A, and the distance
between the mirrors is L.

In the frame where the clock is inactive, the light pulse creates a path. The clock's period is equal to 2L
divided by the speed of light as follows:

Equation of light pulse:

2L
∆ t=
c

Meanwhile, time dilation occurs it only when an object moves as fast at speed of light or at the speed
that make time move slower.

However, time dilations cannot be feeling its own time slowing down. It must happen when an item
approaches the speed of light, and its own time "slows" in comparison to other objects. (Galli & Amiri,
2012)
This is the route of light propagation in the case of an object in motion. the perspective of an observer
moving at the speed velocity relative to the resting frame of the clock, the light pulse appears to be
travelling along a lengthy, slanted path.

To keep the speed of light constant for all stationary observers, the period of this clock must be extended
from the point of view of the moving observer. In this case, the clock will move more slowly if it is
observed in a frame that has changed in relation to the current local time. As a result, this demonstrates
that time is relative between the various frames of reference in order to keep the speed of light
constant. (Galli & Amiri, 2012)

According to Einstein's theory of special relativity, the time dilation experienced by an object that
moving close to the speed of light, (c) can be calculated using the formula:

' Δt
Δt =

√ 1−
v2
c
2

Where:
Δt' = the time experienced by the moving object (as measured by an observer on the object).
Δt = the time experienced by a stationary observer (in the reference frame at rest with respect to the
object).
v = the velocity of the object relative to the observer.
c = the speed of light in a vacuum.

For an example, if a spaceship in the Star Wars universe were to travel at 99.9% of the speed of light (v ≈
0.999c). The closer an object's velocity gets to the speed of light, the more energy is needed to increase
its speed further. At the speed of light (v = c) This can be calculate the time dilation factor as (Jeff
Berkowitz.(2020)

Δt' = Δt / √(1 - (0.999c)^2/c^2) = Δt / √(1 - 0.998^2) ≈ Δt / √(1 - 0.996004) ≈ Δt / √0.003996 ≈ Δt /

0.063216
This means that for every second experienced by the spaceship's crew (Δt'), approximately 0.063216
seconds pass for a stationary observer (Δt). So, the crew would perceive time passing much more slowly
than someone at rest relative to the spaceship (Omrefrigeration1981.2022)

Twin paradox

Evaluation of Evidence

Limitations

Improvements and extensions

Conclusion

Reference:
Vicky Stein .(2022). Einstein’s Theory of Special Relativity. From Space
:https://www.space.com/36273-theory-special-relativity.html#

wookieepedia. (2019). star war. From wookieepedia

:https://starwars.fandom.com/wiki/Star_Wars

Gibbons, G. W. (2016). relativistic mechanics. From Britannica

: https://www.britannica.com/science/relativistic-mechanics
Johnson, P. (2017). A physicist explains the science of hyperspace—and why Star Wars isn’t
entirely fiction. From quartz : https://qz.com/1144624/a-physicist-explains-the-science-
of-hyperspace-and-why-star-wars-isnt-entirely-fiction/

Quarksto Quasars (2014). Physical Consequences of Light-speed Travel. From Futurism

: https://futurism.com/physical-concequences-of-light-speed-travel#

Perkowitz, S. (2015). twin paradox. From Britannica: https://www.britannica.com/science/twin-

paradox

UNSW. (2020). E = mc2: What does it mean, and where did the equation come from? From
physics@UNSW:
http://www.phys.unsw.edu.au/einsteinlight/jw/module5_equations.htm

yewchuk, b. (2022). IS THERE A HIDDEN INSPIRATIONAL MESSAGE IN EINSTEIN’S THEORY OF

RELATIVITY? From wordpress: https://bobyewchuk.wordpress.com/tag/project-
management/

Jeff Berkowitz.(2020). If you had a spaceship moving at the speed of light, and inside, you had a
watch, and you went 1 lightyear, would it say 1 year on your watch or no? If so, how long and
what would an observer from the Earth see?
https://www.quora.com/If-you-had-a-spaceship-moving-at-the-speed-of-light-and-inside-you-
had-a-watch-and-you-went-1-lightyear-would-it-say-1-year-on-your-watch-or-no-If-so-how-long-
and-what-would-an-observer-from-the-Earth-see

Galli, J. R., & Amiri, F. (2012). Flat and Curved Space-times (it a book)

(Omrefrigeration1981.2022). Time Dilation Formula

: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/time-dilation-formula/

Newsweek.(2018.) Why Do We Age Slower In Space?

https://youtu.be/OeF8W2G6FqQ

KAI G(.2016).Time Dilation diagram on wikipedia

https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/241792/time-dilation-diagram-on-wikipedia

https://science.howstuffworks.com/science-vs-myth/everyday-myths/einstein-formula.htm

http://www.phys.unsw.edu.au/einsteinlight/jw/module5_equations.htm