TRIGONOMTERY

Basic Trigonometry
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TRIGONOMETRY

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TRIGONOMTERY
TRIGONOMETRY

● Measurement of an Angle
● Relation between radians and degrees
● Trigonometric Ratios
● Reciprocal and Co-ratio of Trigonometric
Ratios
● Sign of Trigonometric Functions
● Quadrant Angles and Allied Angles
● 3- STEPS to get any ANGLE
● Trigonometric functions of particular angles
● Trigonometric Identities
● Trigonometric Ratios of Negative Angles
● Compound Angles
● Double Angle & Triple Angle Formula
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JEE(MAIN) PYQs Using TRIGONOMETRY BASICS
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JEE(MAIN) PYQs Using TRIGONOMETRY BASICS
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Angle Measurements

The amount of rotation of a ‘moving ray' (terminating ray) with

reference to a fixed ray' (initial ray) is called an angle. And it is
denoted by θ or α or β etc.

θ
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Positive Angle Negative Angle

If the rotation of the terminating ray is If the rotation of the terminating ray is
in anti-clockwise direction, the angle is in clockwise direction, the angle is
called as positive. called as negative.
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System of Measurement of an Angle

(i) The Sexagesimal Measurement

(ii) The circular Measurement

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1. Sexagesimal system (British System)

Definition
If the central angle is divided into 360 equal
parts, each part in it is called One degree.
It is denoted by 10
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Minute
10 is divided into 60 equal parts each part
in it called One minute.

It is denoted as 1′. 10 = 60′

Second
Again if 1’ is divided into 60 equal parts
each part in it called One second.

It is denoted as 1’’. 1’ = 60’’

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Important Points
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2. Circular system (or) Radian Measure

Definition
A radian is an angle subtended at the
centre of a circle by an arc whose length is
equal to the radius of the circle.

B
r

1c r
r
A
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One radian is denoted as 1c.

Definition
Angle subtended at the centre of a circle of
radius r by an arc of length l is defined as
l
θ= radians.
r
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Relation between radians and degrees

3600 = 2πc
1800
∴ 1c =
π
1c ≈ (57.272…)0
90
(180)0 630 0
1c = =
22 11 11
7
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Relation between radians and degrees

Remember

➢ To convert radians into degree

1800
multiply with π
➢ To convert degrees into radians
π
multiply with
1800
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Q. Express the following angles in

degrees.
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Solution:
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Q. Express the following angles in

2
degrees. 9 π
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Solution:
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Q. Express the following angles in

degrees.
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Solution:
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7
Q. Determine how the angle 8 π radians are
classified.

A Acute

B Right

C Obtuse

D Reflex
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Solution:
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7
Q. Determine how the angle 8 π radians are
classified.

A Acute

B Right

C Obtuse

D Reflex
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Q. Convert each degree measure to radian

measure. a. 135° b. 40°
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Q. Convert 7°30' into radians

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Trigonometric Ratios

Opposite side Hypotenuse

● Sinθ = ● Cosecθ =
Hypotenuse Opposite side

Adjacent side Hypotenuse

● Cosθ = ● Secθ =
Hypotenuse Adjacent side
Opposite side Adjacent side
● Tanθ = ● Cotθ =
Adjacent side Opposite side
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Reciprocal and Co-ratio of Trigonometric Ratios
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TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES

1. sin2θ + cos2θ = 1

2. sec2θ – tan2θ = 1

3. cosec2θ – cot2θ = 1
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Values Of T-Ratios At Particular Angles

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Trigonometric functions of particular angles

Angle (θ) π π π π
0
T-ratio 6 4 3 2
00 300 450 600 900
1 1 √3
sinθ 0 1
2 √2 2
√3 1 1
cosθ 1 0
2 √2 2
1
tanθ 0 1 √3 Undefined
√3
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Trigonometric functions of particular angles

Angle (θ)
T-ratio
π 2π

1800 3600
sinθ 0 0

cosθ –1 1

tanθ 0 0
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Q.
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Sign of Trigonometric Functions

II I
X
III IV
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Sign of Trigonometric Functions

II y I
x < 0, y > 0 x > 0, y > 0
cosθ < 0 ; sinθ > 0 cosθ > 0 ; sinθ > 0
x
cosθ < 0 ; sinθ < 0 cosθ > 0 ; sinθ < 0
x < 0, y < 0 x > 0, y < 0

III IV
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Trigonometric Ratios of Negative Angles

sin(-θ) -sinθ
cos(-θ) cosθ

tan(-θ) -tanθ

cot(-θ) -cotθ
sec(-θ) secθ

cosec(-θ) -cosecθ
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Quadrant Angles and Allied Angles
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STEPS to get any ANGLE

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Q. Find the value of the following

trigonometric ratios.
(i) sin(1500) (ii) cos(-2100)
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Trigonometric Ratios Of Compound Angles

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Sine And Cosine Of Compound Angles

Sum of any two or more angles is called

compound angle.
1) sin (α + β) = sinα cosβ + cosα sinβ

2) sin (α – β) = sinα cosβ – cosα sinβ

3) cos (α + β) = cosα cosβ – sin α sin β

4) cos (α – β) = cos α cos β + sin α sin β.

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Sine And Cosine Of Compound Angles

2) sin (α – β) = sinα cosβ – cosα sinβ

3) cos (α + β) = cosα cosβ – sin α sin β

4) cos (α – β) = cos α cos β + sin α sin β.

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Similarly,
sin (α + β) tan α + tan β
tan (α + β) = =
cos (α + β) 1 – tan α tan β

sin (α – β) tan α – tan β

tan (α – β) = =
cos (α – β) 1 + tan α tan β
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Q. Find the value of sin 150

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Solution:

sin 150 = sin (450 – 300)

= sin 450 . cos300 – cos450 . sin300

1 √3 1 1 √3 – 1
= – =
√2 2 √2 2 2 √2
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75∘.
Q. Find the value of cos⁡
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Q. The Value of
is

A -1

B -2

C 1

D 2
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Solution:
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Q. The Value of
is

A -1

B -2

C 1

D 2
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Double Angle
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Trigonometric functions of Double Angles

I. sin 2θ = 2 sin θ . cos θ

Proof:
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Trigonometric functions of Double Angles

I. sin 2θ = 2 sin θ . cos θ

sin 2θ = sin (θ + θ)

= sin θ . cos θ + cos θ . sin θ

= 2 sin θ . cos θ
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Trigonometric functions of Double Angles

II. cos 2θ = cos2 θ – sin2 θ

= 1 – 2 sin2 θ = 2 cos2 θ – 1

Proof:
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Trigonometric functions of Double Angles

II. cos 2θ = cos2 θ – sin2 θ

= 1 – 2 sin2 θ = 2 cos2 θ – 1
cos 2θ = cos (θ + θ)
= cos θ . cos θ – sin θ . sin θ
∴ cos 2θ = cos2 θ – sin2 θ …. (i)
= (1 – sin2 θ) – sin2 θ
= 1 – 2 sin2 θ …. (ii)
Also,
cos 2θ = cos2 θ – sin2 θ
= cos2 θ – (1 – cos2 θ)
= cos2 θ – 1 + cos2 θ
= 2 cos2 θ – 1 …. (iii)
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Q. Given equation is equivalent to

A cos 2x

B sin 2x

C sin x

D cos x
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Solution:
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Q. Given equation is equivalent to

A cos 2x

B sin 2x

C sin x

D cos x
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Trigonometric functions of Double Angles

2 tan θ
III. tan 2θ =
1 – tan2 θ

Proof:
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Trigonometric functions of Double Angles

2 tan θ
III. tan 2θ =
1 – tan2 θ

tan 2θ = tan (θ + θ)

tan θ + tan θ
=
1 – tan θ . tan θ

2 tan θ
∴ tan 2θ =
1 – tan2 θ
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Q.Prove: 2 tan x
i) sin 2x =
1 + tan2 x
1– tan2 x
ii) cos 2x =
1 + tan2 x
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Solution:

2 tan x 2 sin x / cos x

i) R.H.S = =
1 + tan2 x sin2 x
1+
cos2 x

2 sin x cos2
= ×
cos x (cos2x x + sin2
x)
= 2 sin x cos x
= sin 2x = L.H.S
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Solution:

1– tan2 x
ii) R.H.S =
1 + tan2 x

sin2 x cos2 x − sin2 x

1–
cos2 x cos2 x
= =
sin2 x cos2 x + sin2 x
1+
cos2 x cos2 x
cos2 x – sin2 x
=
cos2 x + sin2 x

= cos 2x = L.H.S
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Q.
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Triple Angle Formulae

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Triple Angle Formulae

●
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Q. If sinA= 3/4 then value of sin3A will be:

A 9/16

B -9/16

C 9/32

D 7/16
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Q. If sinA= 3/4 then value of sin3A will be:

A 9/16

B -9/16

C 9/32

D 7/16
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C and D Formulae
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Q. Express sin6θ – sin2θ as a product.

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Defactorization Formulae
(i) 2sinAcosB = sin(A+B) + sin(A–B)

(ii) 2cosAsinB = sin(A+B) – sin(A–B)

(iii) 2cosAcosB = cos(A+B) + cos(A–B)

(iv) –2sinAsinB = cos(A+B) – cos(A–B)
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Q. Express 2 Cos7x Cos3x as a Sum.

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