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The Structure of Crystalline and Amorphous Solids

This document is a learner's activity sheet for a Grade 12 General Chemistry class. It contains questions and activities about crystalline and amorphous solids. The activities identify types of crystalline solids formed by different substances and determine states of water and carbon dioxide using phase diagrams. Additional activities examine the heating curve of water and describe phase changes between points on a cooling curve. A post-test with multiple choice questions about solids concludes the document.

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Franzhean Balais Cuachon
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249 views

The Structure of Crystalline and Amorphous Solids

This document is a learner's activity sheet for a Grade 12 General Chemistry class. It contains questions and activities about crystalline and amorphous solids. The activities identify types of crystalline solids formed by different substances and determine states of water and carbon dioxide using phase diagrams. Additional activities examine the heating curve of water and describe phase changes between points on a cooling curve. A post-test with multiple choice questions about solids concludes the document.

Uploaded by

Franzhean Balais Cuachon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
REGION VIII – EASTERN VISAYAS
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CATBALOGAN CITY

LEARNER’S ACTIVITY SHEET IN GRADE 12


GEN. CHEMISTRY 2 QUARTER 3, WEEK 3

Name: Franzhean B. Cuachon Grade & Section: 12 STEM - Cygnus


Teacher: Catherine Guy Date: 3/7/22

LESSON: THE STRUCTURE OF CRYSTALLINE AND AMORPHOUS SOLIDS


Explore
Activity 1: CRYSTALLINE SOLID
Objective: Identify the type of crystalline solid formed by a substance.
Materials: Paper and pen
Direction: Identify the type of crystalline solid (metallic, covalent network, ionic, or molecular)
formed by each of the following substances.
1. CaCl2 - Ionic 6. CH3CH2CH2CH3 - Molecular
2. SiC - Covalent Network 7. HCl - Molecular
3. N2 - Molecular 8. NH4NO3 - Ionic
4. Fe - Metallic 9. K3PO4 - Ionic
5. C (graphite) - Covalent Network 10. SiO 2 - Covalent Network

Q1. Explain why ice, which is a crystalline solid, has a melting temperature of 0 °C, whereas
butter, which is an amorphous solid, softens over a range of temperatures.
- Ice is a crystalline solid with hydrogen bonding that keeps its structure stable. As a result, ice
melts at a single temperature and not over a range of temperatures. The melting process happens
across a wide temperature range because the many large molecules that makeup butter
encounter multiple van der Waals attractions of different strengths that are overcome at various
temperatures.

Activity 2: WATER AND CARBON DIOXIDE


Objective: determine the state of water at each given temperature and pressure.
Materials: Paper and pen
Fig. a Fig. b

1
A. Directions: Using the phase diagram (fig a) for water, determine the state of H2O at the following
temperatures and pressures.
1. -10 oC and 50kPa - Solid
2. 25 oC and 90 kPa - Liquid
3. 50 oC and 40 kPa - Liquid
4. 80 oC and 5kPa - Gas
5. -10 oC and 0.3 kPa - Solid
B. Directions: Using the phase diagram for carbon dioxide, determine the state of CO2 at the following
temperatures and pressures.
6. -30 oC and 2000 kPa - Liquid
7. -60 oC and 1000 kPa - Solid
8. -60 oC and 100 kPa - Gas
9. 20 oC and 1500 kPa - Liquid
10. 0 oC and 100 kPa - Gas

Engage
Activity 3: THE HEATING CURVE OF WATER
Directions: Use the cooling curve below to answer the following questions.

1. In which region(s) does temperature remain constant? - II and IV


2. In which region(s) does temperature increase? - I, III and V
3. In which region(s) of the graph does a phase change occur? - II and IV
4. In which region(s) of the graph would the substance only be in one phase? - I, III and V
5. In which region(s) of the graph would the substance be a solid only? - I
6. In which region(s) of the graph would the substance be a solid and a liquid? - II
7. In which region(s) of the graph would the substance be a liquid and a gas? - IV
8. In which region(s) of the graph would the substance be a gas only? - V
9. In which region(s) of the graph does boiling take place? - IV
10.In which region(s) of the graph does melting take place? - II

Apply
Activity 4: THE COOLING CURVE OF WATER
Directions: Using the curve below describe what is happening between each of the
points: (liquid, freezing, gas, condensation, solid)

i. A-B - Gas
ii. B-C - Condensation
iii. C-D - Liquid

iv. D-E - Freezing

v. E-F - Solid

2
POST TEST
Directions: Read each item carefully. Write the letter that corresponds to the correct answer on
the space provided.
A 1. In amorphous solid, the atoms or molecules are held together in a completely random
formation.
A. True B. False

B 2. Which of the following is true of solids?


A. Solids maintain a defined shape and size under all conditions.
B. All solids maintain a defined shape and size if conditions remain constant.
C. All solids have a lattice structure at atomic level.
D. All solids have a crystalline structure.

A 3. One major difference between crystalline and amorphous solids is that


A. Crystalline solids have precise melting point.
B. Amorphous solids have a lattice structure.
C. Crystalline solids break unpredictably and can produce curved fragments.
D. Amorphous solids always behave consistently and uniformly.

D 4. A friend in your chemistry class is struggling to understand why crystalline solids are
grouped into four main types: network, molecular, ionic, and metallic. Which explanation
below will best help him begin to understand why chemists might have these groups?
A. Crystalline solids all share a lattice structure, but have different densities. Chemists
use the groups to organize the solids by density.
B. Crystalline solids all share a lattice structure and the same types of bonds, but are
composed of different elements. These elements affect the way the solid conducts
heat and electricity.
C. Crystalline solds all share a lattice structure, but behave differently under similar
conditions.
D. Crystalline solids all share a lattice structure, but the bonds that hold them together at
the atomic level differ. The elements that make up the solids also differ. These
differences affect how a solid conducts heat and electricity, and its density.

B 5. Solids have many different properties. _ solids are known for their ability to be flattened
into a sheet, stretched into a wire, and to conduct energy well.
A. Molecular B. Metallic C. Network D. Ionic

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