11

Reading and Writing

Skills
Quarter 3 – Module 3
Identify Claims of Fact, Policy and Value

NegOr_Q3_RWS_Module3_v2
Reading and Writing – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 3: Reading and Writing Skills (Identify Claims of Fact,
Value and Policy)
Second Edition, 2021

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any
work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the
government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for
exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things,
impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand

names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective
copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to
use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and
authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Alma N. Baroy EdD
Editor: Ellen E. Edrial EdD / Grace A. Cimafranca
Reviewer: Ellen E. Edrial EdD
Illustrator: None
Layout Artist/Typesetter: Josephine V. Austero
Management Team: Senen Priscillo P. Paulin, CESO V Rosela R. Abiera
Joelyza M. Arcilla EdD Maricel S. Rasid

Marcelo K. Palispis EdD Elmar L. Cabrera

Nilita L. Ragay EdD
Anna Lee A. Amores EdD

Printed in the Philippines by

Department of Education –Region VII Schools Division of Negros Oriental

Office Address: Kagawasan, Ave., Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental

Tele #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117
E-mail Address: [email protected]
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can continue your
studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are
carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step as you discover
and understand the lesson prepared for you.
Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM. This will tell you
if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need to ask your facilitator or your
teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need
to answer the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and
test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also provided to our
facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help you on your home-
based learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this SLM. Use a
separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And read the instructions carefully
before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module,
do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
CONTENT PAGES

TITLE PAGE ------------------------------------------------ i

INTRODUCTORY MESSAGE ------------------------------ ii

WHAT I NEED TO KNOW --------------------------------- 1

Learning Competency --------------------------------- 1
Learning Objectives --------------------------------- 1

WHAT I KNOW ------------------------------------------------ 1

Task 1 1

WHAT’S IN ------------------------------------------------ 2
Task 2 2

WHAT’S NEW ------------------------------------------------ 3

Task 3 3

WHAT IS IT ------------------------------------------------ 3

WHAT’S MORE ------------------------------------------------ 6

Task 4 6

WHAT I HAVE LEARNED --------------------------------- 7

Task 5 -------------------------------- 7

WHAT I CAN DO ---------------------------------------- 7

Task 6 7

ASSESSMENT ------------------------------------------------ 8
Task 7 8

GLOSSARY ------------------------------------------------ 8

ANSWER KEY ------------------------------------------------ 9

REFERENCE LIST -------------------------------------------- 10

III
WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

Lesson 1: Claims of Fact, Value and Policy

This lesson will help you identify explicit and implicit information made
in a written text. Moreover, you will be introduced to the different types of
claims that a writer can make fact, value, or policy. You can usually
determine this by examining the type of questions they answer about the
text.

Learning Competency

➢ Identifies claims explicitly or implicitly made in a written text

(EN11/12RWS-IIIij-6)
a. Claim of Fact (EN11/12RWS-IIIij-6.1)
b. Claim of Policy (EN11/12RWS-IIIij-6.2)
c. Claim of Value (EN11/12RWS-IIIij-6.3)

Learning Objectives:
At the end of this module, you should be able to:

1. Distinguish the three types of claims.

2. Write claims (fact, policy, and values).
3. Demonstrate confidence in accomplishing tasks.

WHAT I KNOW

Task 1

Directions: Read the items carefully. Identify each statement as a claim

of fact, claim of policy or claim of value. Write your answers in
your activity notebook.

1. There is only one God.

2. “Ang Probinsiyano” is the best teleserye ever in
Philippine TV.
3. Using cellphones inside the classroom should be
prohibited.

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4. Legislation should be passed to stop the sale of
cigarette.
5. Excessive consumption of alcohol can lead to many
illnesses.
6. Obesity can cause heart disease.
7. Oranges are better than apples.
8. Honesty is the best policy.
9. Extra judicial killings should be stopped.
10. Wearing of face masks should not be mandatory.

WHAT’S IN

Task 2

Directions: Read the situation below. Then, answer the questions in your
activity notebook.

A classmate comes up to you and accuses you of stealing her money.

She even adds angrily that the amount she claims that is stolen from her is
just enough for her to commute going home after classes. Naturally,
assuming you didn’t steal anything, you would deny it? Your classmate
doesn’t believe you, saying that you were the only person in the room when
she found out she lost her money. Plus, you are her seatmate and you’re the
nearest one to her bag where her money is, she adds. Assuming again, that
her arguments are right, how would you defend yourself?

Source: Reading and Writing Skills by Marella Therese A. Tiongson and Maxine Rafaella C. Rodriguez

Explore!

1. What is being talked about in the paragraph?

2. Do you think the pieces of evidence presented are sufficient and
valid to support the argument? Why or why not?

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WHAT’S NEW

Task 3

Directions: Read the paragraph below and answer the questions in

your activity notebook.

During the 21st century, the word Facebook (FB) came into our
awareness. In fact, it is one of the most popular social networking sites
with over one million users. Almost ¾ of these users are 13 to 25 years
old, and these people use FB every time they have an opportunity to do
so at school, at home, in the mall, and anywhere else. So, FB seems to
just be a waste of time. It is a complete distraction to students. Many
students fail to complete their assignments and projects because they are
addicted to FB. Some use words and acronyms that only they can
understand, and it crosses over even during face-to-face conversations.
FB also becomes a tool for bashing and avenue for gossiping. These are
just some of my impressions of FB.
Source: Academic Reading and Writing by Jessie s. Barrot PhD

Analyze the text using the questions below.

1. What do you think prompted the writer to write the paragraph?

2. What are your thoughts and feelings about the text?
3. What do you think is the central claim of the text?
4. Do you share the same sentiments with the writer?
5. Do you think the pieces of evidence presented are sufficient and
valid to support the claim? Why or why not?
6. Are there evident flaws in reasoning in the text? If yes,
enumerate them.

WHAT IS IT

When reading texts critically, it is imperative that you identify the

type of claims or the approach to the topic, to see the main argument.
Although we focus on critical reading, it is useful to note that these claims
may also be used when you write your own paper.

To identify the claims, focus on the first and last sentences of the
paragraph. The details in each paragraph will also guide you as to
whether a text supports or opposes a certain claim or argument.

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What are claims?
Whenever you read something, you find yourself looking for the
writer’s point or position regarding the chosen topic. That point is also
known as the claim, or the central argument or thesis statement of the
text. This claim is what the writer tries to prove in the text by providing
details, explanations, and other types of evidence. As such, it is
usually found in the introduction or in the first few paragraphs of the text.
The claim is the most important part of the text. The quality and
complexity of the reading depend on the claim because the claim defines the
paper’s direction and scope. The claim is a sentence that summarizes the
most important thing that the writer wants to say as a result of his/her
thinking, reading, or writing.
Characteristics of a good claim
1. A claim should be argumentative and debatable.
2. A claim should be specific and focused.
3. A claim should be interesting and engaging.
4. A claim should be logical.

Types of Claims

1. A claim of fact makes an assertion about something that can be

proved or disproved with factual evidence. However, keep in mind
the basic quality of claims, that they have to be debatable, and offer
an assertion about an issue. So, a claim of fact for a logical
argument cannot simply consist of a statistic or proven fact. It
needs, instead, to focus on an assertion which uses facts to back it
up, but for which the evidence might still be debatable. In other
words, if you make a claim of fact, you show factual evidence
(examples, data, research reports) that prove your claim.

Claims of fact usually answers a “what” question. When determining

whether something is a claim of fact, the following questions are
useful:

➢ Is this issue related to a possible cause or effect?

➢ Is this statement true or false? How can its truthfulness be

verified?

➢ Is this claim controversial or debatable?

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Example:

Sometimes people use Facebook, Twitter, and other social

media to bully one another.

2. A claim of value argues that something is good or bad, or right or

wrong or that one thing is better than another thing. Claims of value
attempt to explain how problems, situations, or issues ought to be
valued. To discover these explanations, you may ask the following
questions:

➢ Which claims endorse what is good or right?

➢ What qualities should be considered good? Why?

➢ Which of these values contend with others? Which ones are more
important, and why?

Example:

It is wrong to use social media to bully people.

3. A claim of policy argues that certain conditions should exist, or

that something should or should not be done, in order to solve a
problem. Claims of policy defend actionable plans, usually answer
“how” questions. The following questions will be useful in evaluating
a claim of policy:

➢ Does the claim suggest a specific remedy to solve the problem?

➢ Is the policy clearly defined?

➢ Is the need for the policy established?

➢ Is the policy the best one available? For whom?

➢ How does the policy solve the problem?

Example:
There should be criminal charges brought against people who use
social media to bully people.
Source: Reading and Writing Skills by Marella Therese A. Tiongson and Maxine Rafaella C.
Rodriguez

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WHAT’S MORE

Task 4

To strengthen your understanding of types of claims, take this ten

question self-test. See if you can identify which type of claim the
statement is making, then check the answer.
1. Vaping can lead to increased blood pressure, lung disease,
and insulin resistance.
2. The basic keys to success are perseverance and discipline.
3. Studies have shown that exposure to violent media is a risk
factor for violent behaviors.
4. The Career Support Network is an excellent resource for people
who are considering a mid-life career change.
5. In order to ensure that graduates are competitive for top jobs in
their fields, the college must put additional resources into its
career services office and internship programs.
6. Although the International Astronomical Union announced that
Pluto is not actually a planet, experts disagree on what
characteristics define a planet.
7. Increased investments in solar power will benefit national
security by reducing dependence on fossil fuels.
8. Parents should not only be aware of how their children are
using social media, but also understand the potential positive
and negative impacts of social media use.
9. Advances in computer modeling have made it possible to
create completely new types of architectural structures.
10. It is immoral to steal from stores to feed yourself or others.
Source:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-esc-wm-englishcomposition1/chapter/types-of-
claims/

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WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

Task 5
Directions: In your notebook, complete the following statements.

1. I have learned that

2. I have realized that

3. I will apply what I’ve learned

WHAT I CAN DO

Task 6

Directions: In your notebook, complete the following table by writing

statements that fall under the appropriate type of claim.

Claim of Fact Claim of Value Claim of Policy

1. 1. 1.

2. 2. 2.

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ASSESSMENT

Task 7

Directions: Determine the claim used in the following statements. Write your
answers in your activity notebook.

1. The “Lakers” is the best team in NBA.

2. Students’ cellphones should be collected by office personnel when
they enter the school.
3. Dakak is a better place to go for summer vacation than Boracay.
4. Wearing of school uniform should be compulsory.
5. Mercy killing is immoral.
6. Instagram is owned by Facebook.
7. “It’s Showtime” is the best variety show in Philippine TV.
8. Video game addiction is not a mental illness but an individual choice.
9. President Rodrigo Duterte is the best president of the
Philippines. 10.Churches should have to pay taxes.

GLOSSARY

Claim of Fact - makes an assertion about something that can be proved or

disproved with factual evidence.

Claim of Value – argues that something is good or bad, or that one thing is
better than another thing.

Claim of Policy - argues that certain conditions should exist, or that

something should or should not be done, in order to solve a problem.

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REFERENCES

Barrot, Jessie S. 2016. Academic Reading and Writing. Cebu City: C and E Publishing, Inc.
n.d. Claim of Fact. Slideshare. Accessed December 14, 2021.
https://www.slideshare.net/Vanessa Ramones/ claims-of-fact-value-and-policy/.
Rodriguez, M.T.A. Tiongson and M. R. C. 2016. Reading and Writing Skills. Manila: Rex Book
Store.
n.d. Types of Claims/College Writing- Lumen-Learning. Accessed December 14, 2021.
https://courses-lumenlearning.com/sunny.esc-win-englshcomposition1/chapter/types-
claims/.

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Schools Division of Negros Oriental

Kagawasan, Avenue, Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental

Tel #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117

Email Address: [email protected]
Website: lrmds.depednodis.net