MAI HL

Test on Lines, Quadratics, Functions and Sequences

by Christos Nikolaidis
Date: 20 October 2020

SOLUTIONS

1. [Maximum mark: 7]
(a) Express the following numbers to 3 s.f
(i) 0.030473 (ii) 2034999 (iii) 2.3011 [2]
(b) Let x = 1.3 × 10 5 and y = 2 × 10 −5 . Write down
(i) write down the exact value of x + y

(ii) write down the value of (xy )3 in the standard form a × 10 k ,

where 1 ≤ a < 10 , k ∈ Z and a correct to 3 s.f. [3]
(c) The value of A given to 3 s.f. is 2.36
Write down the range of the possible values of A . [2]

Solution

(a) (i) 0.0305 (ii) 2030000 (iii) 2.30

(b) x = 1.3 × 10 5 = 130000 y = 2 × 10 −5 = 0.00002

(i) x + y = 130000.000 02
(ii) (xy)3 = 17.576 = 1.76 × 10 1

(c) 2.355 ≤ A < 2.365 OR A ∈ [2.355, 2.365)

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2. [Maximum mark: 7]
Consider the points A(3,8), B(7,5) and C(3,5)
(a) Find the equation of the line L1 passing through the points A and B; express
your answer in the form ax + by = c where a , b, c ∈ Z [3]

(b) Write down the equations of

(i) the line L2 passing through the points B and C

(ii) the line L3 passing through the points A and C [2]

(c) Find the area of the triangle ABC. [2]

Solution
∆y 3
(a) m AB = =−
∆x 4
3
Equation: y −8 = − (x − 3)
4
⇔ 4y − 32 = −3(x − 3)
⇔ 3x + 4y = 41
(b) (i) y=5

(ii) x =3

(c)

4×3
Area = =6
2

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3. [Maximum mark: 6]
The graph of a quadratic function f ( x) = ax 2 + bx + c is shown below.

(a) Find the values of a , b and c . [4]

(b) The function can be written in the form f ( x ) = a ( x − p )( x − q ) . Find the exact
values of p and q . [2]

Solution
(a) METHOD A: f(0) = 2 ⇔ c = 2

b
− = 4 ⇔ b = −8a ( ⇔ 8a + b = 0)
2a
f(4) = -6 ⇔ 16a + 4b − 2 = −6

⇔ 16a + 4b = −8
⇔ 4a + b = −2
1
The last two linear equations give a = and b = −4
2

METHOD B: Vertex form: f(x) = a(x − 4) 2 − 6

1
f(0) = 2 ⇔ 16a − 6 = 2 ⇔ 16a = 8 ⇔ a =
2

1 1 1
f(x) = (x − 4) 2 − 6 = (x 2 − 8x + 16) − 6 = x 2 − 4x + 2
2 2 2

1
Hence, a = , b = −4 , c = 2
2

(b) By GDC, the roots are: p = 4 + 2 3 , q = 4 − 2 3

Turn over
3
4. [Maximum mark: 8]
The graph of the function f is shown below.

(a) Write down the domain and the range of the function. [2]

Domain: Range:

(b) Write down the values of f (0) , f (2) and f (3) [2]
(c) Given that f (a ) = 3 , write down the number of the possible values of a . [1]
(d) Find the gradient for each of the three line segments of the graph. [3]

Solution
(a)

Domain: x∈ [-2,6] Range: y∈ [-2,4]

(b) f(0) = 1 , f(2) = 4 , f(3) = 3

(c) Two values

3
(d) , -1, 0
2

4
5. [Maximum mark: 7]
Consider the arithmetic sequence
17, 26, 35, 44, :
(a) Find an expression for u n in the form u n = an + b . [2]
(b) Find the 10th term and the sum of the first 20 terms. [2]
(c) Find the first term that exceeds 200. [1]
(d) Find the sum of the terms which are less than 200. [1]
(e) Given that the sum of the first n terms is less than 1000 find the largest
possible value of n . [1]

Solution
(a) u1 = 17 , d = 9 , u n = 17 + (n - 1)9 ⇒ u n = 9n + 8

All the following questions can be answered directly by using GDC

(recursion)

(b) u10 = 98 , S 20 = 2050

(c) u 22 = 206

(d) S 21 = 2247

(e) n = 13 (since S 13 = 923 is the last sum below 1000)

Turn over

5
6. [Maximum mark: 8]
The 11th term of an arithmetic sequence is 85. The sum of the first 12 terms is 642.

(a) Find two linear equations for u1 and d in the form Au1 + Bd = C . [3]

(b) Find the values of u1 and d . [2]

(c) Show that u n = 7 n + 8 . [1]

100
(d) Find ∑ (7k + 8) . Describe what this number represents.
k =2
[2]

Solution
(a) u11 = 85 ⇒ u1 + 10d = 85

12
S 12 = 642 ⇒ (2u 1 + 11d) = 642 ⇒ 12u 1 + 66d = 642
2

(b) u1 = 15 , d = 7

(c) u n = 15 + (n - 1)7 ⇒ u n = 7n + 8

100
(d) ∑ (7k + 8) = 36135
k=2

It is the sum of the first 100 terms of the A.S. except the first term.

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7. [Maximum mark: 6]
The three terms x, y, 3 y are in geometric sequence.
The three terms y − x , x + y + 1 and x + 2 y are in arithmetic sequence.
(a) Write down the common ratio of the geometric sequence. [1]
(b) Find the values of x and y . [4]
(c) Find the common difference of the arithmetic sequence. [1]

Solution
3y
(a) r= =3
y

y
(b) = 3 ⇔ y = 3x (1)
x

(x + y + 1) − (y − x) = (x + 2y) − (x + y + 1)

⇔ 2x + 1 = y − 1 ⇔ 2x − y = −2 (2)

(1) and (2) give x = 2 and y = 6

(c) The arithmetic sequence is 4, 9, 14 and the common difference is 5.

Turn over
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8. [Maximum mark: 5]
(a) The sequence u n is defined recursively by u1 = 5 and u n +1 = 3u n − 5
Write down the first four terms of the sequence. [3]
(b) Find the sum of the infinite geometric series
3 2 4
−1+ − + L [2]
2 3 9

Solution
(a) The first four terms are: 5, 10, 25, 70.

3 2
(b) u1 = , r=−
2 3

3 3
2 9
S∞ = = 2 =
2 5 10
1+
3 3

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9. [Maximum mark: 6]
Let f ( x ) = 0.1x 4 − x 3 + 2 x 2 + x − 2.1 and g ( x) = (1.1) x
(a) Find the range of f . [1]

(b) Solve the inequality f ( x) ≤ 0 . [3]

(c) Solve the inequality f ( x) > g ( x) [2]

Solution
For (a) and (b)

(a) y ∈ [ −11.1 , + ∞ )

(b) x ∈ [ −1,1] ∪ [3,7]

For (c) use

EITHER the graphs of f and g OR the graph of f-g

(find intersecton points) (find roots)

(c) x ∈ ( −∞ , − 1.13) ∪ [(1.59,2.4 4) ∪ (7.10, + ∞ )

Turn over
9
10. [Maximum mark: 6]
The graph of the quadratic function y = f (x ) is shown below.

(a) Express the function in the form f ( x) = ax 2 + bx + c . [4]

(b) (i) Find the coordinates of the vertex of the graph
(ii) Write down the range of f . [2]

Solution

(a) f(2) = −4 ⇔ 4a + 2b + c = −4

f(8) = 2 ⇔ 64a + 8b + c = 2

f(10) = 12 ⇔ 100a + 10b + c = 12

By solving the simultaneous equations

1
a= , b = −4 , c=2
2

1 2
f(x) = x − 4x + 2
2

(b) (i) By using GDC – graph: the vertex is V(4. − 6)

(ii) The range is y ≥ −6

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11. [Maximum mark: 7]
Let A(1,5) and B(7,1) be two points in the Cartesian plane.

(a) Find the equation of the line L1 which passes through A and B. Express your
answer in the form y = mx + c [3]

(b) Find the equation of the line L2 , the perpendicular bisector of the line
segment [AB]. Express your answer in the form ax + by + d = 0 , a, b, d ∈ Z [3]

(c) Write down the coordinates of the point of intersection of the lines L1 and L2 . [1]

Solution
∆y 4 2
(a) m AB = =− =−
∆x 6 3
2
Equation: y−5 = −(x − 1)
3
2 2
⇔y=− x + +5
3 3
2 17
⇔y=− x +
3 3
3
(b) m⊥ = Midpoint M(4,3)
2
3
Equation: y−3= (x − 4)
2
⇔ 2y - 6 = 3(x − 4)
⇔ −3x + 2y + 6 = 0
(c) The point of intersection is the midpoint found above: M(4,3)

Turn over

11
12. [Maximum mark: 7]
The sides of a square are 16 cm in length. The midpoints of the sides of this square
are joined to from a new square and four triangles (diagram 1). The process is
repeated twice, as shown in diagrams 2 and 3.

Let x n denote the length of one of the equal sides of each triangle.

Let An denote the area of each new triangle.

The following table gives the first three terms of the sequences xn and An

(a) Find x 2 and A3 . [3]

(b) The process described above is repeated indefinitely. Find
(i) A6 . (ii) the total area of the shaded regions. [4]

Solution
(a) x2 = 4 2 , [either by using Pythagoras’ theorem: 82 + 82 = (2x 2 ) 2
(x 2 ) 2
or by using A 2 = ]
2
(x ) 2 4 2
A3 = 8 [by using A 3 = 3 = =8]
2 2
1
(b) Geometric sequence with A 1 = 32 and r = ,
2
5
5 1
(i) A 6 = A 1r = 32  = 1
2
A1 32
(ii) S∞ = = = 64
1−r 1
1−
2

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