Oral Communciation

Non-Verbal Miscommunication

Non-Verbal Miscommunciation
 Illustrating gestures – used to show
A Speaker may think he/she is being clear size, height, distance, or similar
about the Message but he/she may not qualities like using one hand to
realize that his/her nonverbal signals are mimic a certain height or two hands
saying something else. to show distance or size.
 Emblems – gestures associated with
 Paralanguage specific meanings.
 How something is said, not what is
said.  Facial Expression
 Tone or voices must match the content
 Is the Nonverbal Communication
of the Message if the Message is to be
that assists the listener in
understood at all.
 It must also reinforce the Message: a
understanding the message better.
Message with strong points to deliver  This will be the listener’s gauge if
must be emphasized with strong the speaker is sincere and serious
paralanguage. and if he/she treats the listener with
affection or with contempt.
 Flowers  Eye Contact
 Flowers say for many of us what we
cannot say ourselves. These meanings  Posture and Physical Appearance
are influenced by culture and gender.  Personal Appearance says a lot
about the speaker and the message.
 Colors  Being dressed well also adds to
 Colors have certain meanings based one’s self-confidence.
on the dictates of culture and gender.
(Blue for baby boys; Pink for baby
girls)
 Some color supposedly make us
happy or sad or angry
 (In Thailand, only the king can wear
yellow. Tourists who dare to wear
the royal color are punished.)

 Chronemics
 It shows how time is viewed
differently in various countries.

 Proxemics
 refers to the use of space
 This nonverbal language is used by
people who want to show who they
are, especially in business.

 Haptics
 Refers to the use of touch
 One of the most powerful of the
types of Nonverbal Communication.
 It can say what cannot be said
verbally by the speaker.
 Touch can comfort, it can aggravate,
it can encourage, or it can dissuade.

 Gestures
 are the most often used type of
Nonverbal Communication.
 Speech, to be understandable and
interesting must be accompanied by
different gestures.

 Emphasizing gestures – punctuate

what we want to highlight; help
emphasize a point being made
 Regulating gestures – used to
control the flow of communication
such as nodding one’s head so that
someone will continue talking.
Oral Communication
Speeches

I. Types of Speech Context III. Types of Speech Acts

A. Intrapersonal Communication A. Locutionary

 Communicating with oneself  This act happens with the utterance
of a sound, a word, or even a phrase
B. Interpersonal Communication as a natural unit of speech.
 Involves more than one person  It has sense; it has the same meaning
1. Dyadic Communcation to both the Speaker and the Listener
 involves only 2 participants
forming the DYAD. Example:
“Doh!”
2. Small Group Communication (favourite expression of TV cartoon Homer
 requires 3 to 15 people to study Simpson)
an issue, discuss a problem, and “What?”
come up with a solution or plan (when someone is surprised)
“It’s a bird!”
3. Public Communication (when people see Superman in the sky)
 one speaker addresses many
listeners B. Illucotionary
 The act of saying something with the
4. Mass Communication intention of:
 human verbal interactions 1. Stating an opinion, confirming, or
carried with the aid of mass denying something;
media technology 2. Making a prediction, a promise, a
request;
5. Organizational Communication 3. Issuing an order or a decision; or
 interaction of members along 4. Giving advice or permission
the link in an organizational
structure Examples:
“There’s too much homework in this subject.”
6. Intercultureal Communciation (opinion)
 exchange of concepts, traditions, “I’l do my homework later.”
values, and practices between (promise)
and among people of different “Go do your homework.”
nationalities and ways of life (order)

II. Types of Speech Styles C. Perlocutionary

 seen when a particular effect is sought
A. Intimate from either the Speaker, the Listener, or
 a non-public Speech Style that uses both. The response may not necessarily
private vocabulary and includes be physical or verbal and is elicited by:
nonverbal messages 1. Inspiring or insulting
2. Persuading/convincing
B. Casual 3. Deterring/scaring
 Speech Style used among friends
and acquaintances that do not Examples:
require background information “I was born a Filipino, I will live a Filipino, I
will die a Filipino!”
C. Consultative (inspiring)
 opposite of the Intimate Style; used “ It is the bleak job situation that forces
precisely among people who do not Filipino to find job overseas”
share common experiences or (persuading)
meaning “Texting while driving kills - you, your loved
ones, other people!”
D. Formal (deterring)
 Used only for imparting information

E. Frozen
 Formal style whose uality is static,
ritualistic, and may even be archaic.
Oral Communication
Delivering a Speech & Dimensions of Communications
Non-verbal communication includes
Speech According to Manner of Delivery facial expression, tone of voice, movement,
appearance, eye contact, gestures, and posture.
1. Reading from a Manuscript or speaking
from a manuscript  Body Language
 Usually used in the Formal Speech  Body language is a form of non-
Context verbal communication which
 the speech is fully written out, consists of body posture, gestures,
usually typed, and not folded but facial expressions, and eye
placed in a folder for neatness movements.
 Humans send and interpret such
Drawback: signal almost entirely
The speaker tends to read without subconsciously
emotion, lacking spontaneity, and may sound
even boring. “Non-verbal language speaks a lot rather
than verbal”
2. Memorized Speech
 the written speech is fully 2. Oral/Written Dimensions
memorized – every word, phrase,  Spoken communication (oral dimension)
comma, and period and the transcription of thoughts and
ideas (written dimension).
Drawback:  The written dimension takes care of
Forgetting the lines when delivering putting down the words while oral
the speech dimension takes care of delivering those
words.
3. Impromptu Speech  Oral communication refers to
 delivered on short notice with little messages that are transmitted aloud.
more preparation Daily we speak and listen to others.
 sometimes called “Thinking on your  Written communication involves
own feet” mainly words and is taking place as
 the speech isn’t really made on the you read this, it also has a nonverbal
spot because one usually speaks or is dimension.
asked to speak about something one
knows 3. Formal/ Informal Dimensions
 Factors that may or may not highlight
Drawback: traditional and conventional
The speaker may be so rattled and communication.
disorganized that the speech ends up with not  The formal dimension usually means the
much sense. meticulous observation of
appropriateness in dress, language, and
4. Extemporaneous Speech setting.
 Outline preparation  The informal dimension uses more casual
 The outline helps the speaker approach with no regard for formalities.

Dimensions of Communication

1. Verbal/Nonverbal Dimensions
 The use of language, the words chosen
(verbal dimension) and the facial
expression, and the gestures and bodily
movements used (nonverbal dimensions).
 Verbal and Non-verbal dimensions must
be used together to clearly impart the
message.
 A misunderstanding may happen when
words contradict actions
 It is important that what is shown or done
agrees with what is said. Otherwise, the
listener will be confused and
miscommunication will occur.

There are only about 35% verbal

occurring in a conversation but 65% Non-
verbal.